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GIDA TAKVİYELERİ VE SAĞLIK ÜZERİNE ETKİLERİ

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 2, 98 - 111, 20.01.2018

Derya Atalay , Hande Selen Erge

https://doi.org/10.3153/FH18010

Öz

Gıda
takviyeleri, bir insanın diyetinde desteklemek üzere kullanılan ve vitaminler,
mineraller, amino asitler, bitkiler ya da bitkisel diyet bileşenleri gibi besin
ögelerini içeren ürünler olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Gıda takviyelerinin kullanımı
başarılı satış stratejileri, reklamlar ve internet nedeniyle yaygındır. Gıda
takviyelerinin üretimi tablet ve kapsül üretimleri ile benzerlikler
göstermektedir. Üretimdeki başlıca basamaklar; reçete oluşturma, karıştırma,
öğütme, granülasyon, kurutma, son karıştırma, tablet yapma, tableti presleme,
kaplama ve kapsülleme aşamalarıdır. Gıda takviyelerinin üretiminde meyve ve
sebzeler, bitkiler, mikroorganizmalar ve hayvansal kaynaklı hammaddeler
kullanılmaktadır. Gıdaların insan sağlığı üzerine faydalı özellikleri (antioksidan,
besinsel lif vb.) bilindiğinden dolayı günümüzde gıda takviyelerinin tüketimi
artmaktadır. Gıda
takviyelerinde en fazla gözlenen sorunlar kontaminasyon, katkı maddeleri,
toksisite, yanlış doz ve yanlış etiketlemedir. Son zamanlarda ilaç interaksiyonlarından
kaynaklı yan etkilerin yanında söz konusu ürünlerle ilgili zehirlenmeler
ülkemizde ve dünyada görülmektedir. Gıda
takviyelerinin ilaç olarak değerlendirilmemesi gerektiği ancak doğru şekilde
tüketildiğinde insanların sağlığını olumlu yönde etkilediği bilinmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Gıda takviyeleri Takviye üretimi Gıda bileşenleri Sağlık

Kaynakça

  • Agrawal, R. (2005). Probiotics: An emerging food supplement with health benefits. Food Biotechnology, 19, 227-246.
  • Al-Sheraji, S.H., Ismail, A., Manap, M.Y., Mustafa, S., Yusof, R.M. & Hassan, F.A. (2011). Functional properties and characterization of dietary fiber from mangifera pajang kort. fruit pulp. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 59, 3980-3985.
  • Anonim (2013). Türk Gıda Kodeksi Takviye Edici Gıdalar Tebliği. Ağustos 2013 (Tebliğ No: 2013/49), Resmi Gazete Tarihi: 16.08.2013, Sayısı: 28737.
  • Anonim, (2006). http://ec.europa.eu/food/safety/docs/labelling_nutrition-vitamins_minerals-discus_paper_amount_vitamins_en.pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 06.01.2016.)
  • Bailey, R.L., Gahche, J.J., Miller, P.E., Thomas, P.R., Dwyer, J.T. (2013). Why US adults use dietary supplements. JAMA Internal Medicine, 173(5), 355-361.
  • Blake, D., Hamblett, C.J., Frost, P.C., Judd, P.A., Ellis, P.R. (1997). Wheat bread supplemented with depolymerized guar gum reduces the plasma cholesterol concentration in hypercholesterolemic human subjects 1-3. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 65, 107-113.
  • Bodhmage, A. (2006). Correlation between physical properties and flowability indicators for fine powders. A Master Thesis, College of Graduate Studies and Research, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon, Saskatchewan. 122p.
  • Boever, P.D., Wouters, R., Verstraete, W. (2001). Combined use of Lactobacillus reuteri and soygerm powder as food supplement. Letters in Applied Microbiology, 33, 420-424.
  • Calder, P.C. (2015). Functional roles of fatty acids and their effects on human health. Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition, 39, 18-32.
  • Chambers, S.J., Lambert, N., Plumb, G.W., Williamson, G. (1995). Evaluation of the antioxidant properties of a methanolic extract from ‘Juice Plus fruit’ and ‘Juice Plus vegetable’ (dietary supplements). Food Chemistry, 57 (2), 271-274.
  • Chandra, A., Rana, J., Li, Y. (2001). Separation, identification, quantification, and method validation of anthocyanins in botanical supplement raw materials by HPLC and HPLC-MS. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 49, 3515-3521.
  • Coppens, P., Delmulle, L., Gulati, O., Richardson, D., Ruthsatz, M., Sievers, H., Sidani, S. (2006). Use of botanicals in food supplements. Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism, 50, 538-554.
  • Davidson, M.H., Dugan, L.D., Stocki, J., Dicklin, M.R., Maki, K.C., Coletta, F., Cotter, R., Mcleod, M., Hoersten, K. (1998). A low-viscosity soluble-fiber fruit juice supplement fails to lower cholesterol in hypercholesterolemic men and women. The Journal of Nutrition, 128, 1927-1932.
  • Dickinson, A., Blatman, J., El-Dash, N., Franco, J.C. (2014). Consumer usage and reasons for using dietary supplements: report of a series of surveys. Journal of the American College of Nutrition, 33(2), 176-182.
  • Diop, L., Guillou, S., Durand, H. (2008). Probiotic food supplement reduces stress-induced gastrointestinal symptoms in volunteers: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial. Nutrition Research, 28, 1-5.
  • Durante, K.M., Whitmore, B., Jones, C.A., Campbell, N.R. (2001). Use of vitamins, minerals and herbs: a survey of patients attending family practice clinics. Clinical and Investigative Medicine, 24, 242–249.
  • Eccleston, C., Baoru, Y., Tahvonen, R., Kallio, H., Rimbach, G.H., Minihane, A.M. (2002). Effects of an antioxidant-rich juice (sea buckthorn) on risk factors for coronary heart disease in humans. The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry, 13, 346-354.
  • Ergen, A., Bozkurt Bekoğlu, F. (2016). Türkiye’de besin destek ürünlerine yönelik görüşler ve tüketici profilini tanımlamaya yönelik bir araştırma. Journal of Business Research Turk, 8(1), 323-341.
  • Ersöz, T. (2012). Bitkisel ilaçlar ve gıda takviyeleri ile ilgili genel yaklaşım ve sorunlar. Meslek İçi Sürekli Eğitim Dergisi Türk Eczacıları Birliği Yayını, 27-28, 11-21.
  • Escrig, A.J., Rincon, M., Pulido, R., Calixto, F.S. (2001). Guava fruit (psidium guajava l.) as a new source of antioxidant dietary fiber. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 49, 5489-5493.
  • Femenia, A., Robertson, J.A., Waldron, K.W., Selvendran, R.R. (1998). Cauliflower (Brassica oleracea L), globe artichoke (Cynara scolymus) and chicory witloof (Cichorium intybus) processing by-products as sources of dietary fibre. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 77, 511-518.
  • Fraquelli, M., Colli, A., Cocciolo, M., Conte, D. (2000). Adult syncytial giant cell chronic hepatitis due to herbal remedy. Journal of Hepatology, 33, 505-508.
  • Geil, P., McWhorter, L.S. (2008). Dietary supplements in the management of diabetes: potential risks and benefits. The Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 108, 59- 65.
  • Geller, A.I., Shehab, N., Weidle, N.J., Lovegrove, M.C., Wolpert, B.J., Timbo, B.B., Mozersky, R.P., Budnitz, D.S. (2015). Emergency department visits for adverse events related to dietary supplements. The New England Journal of Medicine, 373(16), 1531-1540.
  • Güzelsoy, N.A., İzgi, B. (2015). Balık Yağı Gıda Takviyelerinde Metal Bulaşanlarının (As, Hg, Cd, Pb) Belirlenmesinde Analitik Parametrelerinin Optimizasyonu. Gıda ve Yem Bilimi Teknolojisi Dergisi, 15, 19-26.
  • Halsted, C.H. (2003). Dietary supplements and functional foods: 2 sides of a coin? The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 77, 1001–1007.
  • Harding, K.L., Judah, R.D., Gant, C.E. (2003). Outcome-based comparison of Ritalin® versus food-supplement treated children with AD/HD. Alternative Medicine Review, 8(3), 319-330.
  • Harnack, L.J., Rydell, S.A., Stang, J. (2001). Prevalence of use of herbal products by adults in the Minneapolis/St Paul, Minn, Metropolitan Area. Mayo Clinic Proceedings, 76, 688-694.
  • Heymsfield, S.B., Allison, D.B., Vasselli, J.R., Pietrobelli, A., Greenfield, D., Nunez, C. (1998). Garcinia cambogia (hydroxycitric acid) as a potential antiobesity agent a randomized controlled trial. The Journal of the American Medical Association, 280(18), 1596-1600.
  • Kalt, W., Dufour, D. (1997). Health functionality of blueberries. Hort Technology, 7(3), 216- 221.
  • Kim, H.J., Lee, J.H., Park, H.J., Cho, S.H., Cho, S., Kim, W.S. (2014). Monitoring of 29 weight loss compounds in foods and dietary supplements by LC-MS/MS. Food Additivies and Contaminants, Part A, 31(5), 777-783.
  • Kolb, N., Vallorani, L., Milanovic, N., Stocchi, V. (2004). Evaluation of Marine Algea Wakame (Undaria pinnatifida) and Kombu (Laminaria digitata japonica) as food supplements. Food Technology and Biotechnology, 42(1), 57-61.
  • Lange, D. (1998). European medicinal and aromatic plants: Their use, trade and conservation. Traffic International, Cambridge, United Kingdom: s.119.
  • Leonard, S.S., Cutler, D., Ding, M., Vallyathan, V., Castranova, V., Shi, X. (2002). Antioxidant properties of fruit and vegetable juices: more to the story than ascorbic acid. Annals of Clinical and Laboratory Science, 32 (2), 193-200.
  • Lewis, D.A., Fields, W.N., Shaw, G.P. (1999). A natural flavonoid present in unripe plantain banana pulp (Musa sapientum L. var. paradisiaca) protects the gastric mucosa from aspirin-induced erosions. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 65, 283-288.
  • Li, Y., Guo, C., Yang, J., Wei, J., Xu, J., Cheng, S. (2006). Evaluation of antioxidant properties of pomegranate peel extract in comparison with pomegranate pulp extract. Food Chemistry, 96, 254-260.
  • Liu, R.H. (2003). Health benefits of fruit and vegetables are from additive and synergistic combinations of phytochemicals. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 78, 517-520.
  • Maughan, R.J., King, D.S., Lea, T. (2004). Dietary supplements. Journal of Sports Science, 22, 95-113.
  • McWhorter, L.S. (2009). Dietary supplements for diabetes: an evaluation of commonly used products. Diabetes Spectrum, 22(4), 206- 213.
  • Mol, S. (2008). Balık yağı tüketimi ve insan sağlığı üzerine etkileri. Journal of FisheriesSciences.com, 2(4), 601-607.
  • Özcan, V. (2011). Bitkisel gıda takviyeleri alanına ilişkin bir durum değerlendirmesi: sorunlar ve çözüm önerileri. Türkiye Eczacılar Birliği Haberler, Temmuz-Ağustos, 16-22.
  • Pasiakos, S.M., McLellan, T.M., Lieberman, H.R. (2015). The effects of protein supplements on muscle mass, strength, and aerobic and anaerobic power in healthy adults: a systematic review. Sports Medicine, 45, 111-131.
  • Petroczi, A., Taylor, G., Naughton, D.P. (2011). Mission Impossible? Regulatory and enforcement issues to ensure safety of dietray supplements. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 49, 393-402.
  • Pittler, M.H., Ernst, E. (2004). Dietary supplements for body-weight reduction: a systematic review 1,2. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 79, 529-536.
  • Pittler, M.H., Schmidt, K., Ernst, E. (2005). Adverse events of herbal food supplements for body weight reduction: systematic review. Obesity Reviews, 6, 93-111.
  • Playford, R.J., Floyd, D.N., MacDonald, C.E., Calnan, D.P., Adenekan, R.O., Johnson, W., Goodlad, R.A., Marchbank, T. (1999). Bovine colostrum is a health food supplement which prevents NSAID induced gut damage. Gut, 44, 653-658.
  • Playford, R.J., MacDonald, C.E., Calnan, D.P., Floyd, D.N., Podas, T., Johnson, W., Wicks, A.C., Bashir, O., Marchbank, T. (2001). Co-administration of the health food supplement, bovine colostrum, reduces the acute non-steroidal anti-inflammatory druginduced increase in intestinal permeability. Clinical Science, 100, 627-633.
  • Rasmussen, C.B., Glisson, J.K. & Minor, D.S. (2012). Dietary supplements and hypertension: Potential benefits and precautions. The Journal of Clinical Hypertension, 14(7), 467-471.
  • Rautiainen, S., Manson, J.E., Lichtenstein, A.H., Sesso, H.D. (2016). Dietary supplements and disease prevention — a global overview. Nature Reviewes, 12, 407-420.
  • Reid, I.R., Bolland, M.J., Avenell, A., Grey, A. (2011). Cardiovascular effects of calcium supplementation. Osteoporosis International, 22, 1649-1658.
  • Rodriguez, R., Jimenez, A., Bolanos, J.F., Guillen, R., Heredia, A. (2006). Dietary fiber from vegetable products as source of functional ingredients. Trends in Food Science and Technology, 17, 3-15.
  • Schieber, A., Stintzing, F.C., Carle, R. (2001). By-products of plant food processing as a source of functional compounds —recent developments. Trends in Food Science and Technology, 12, 401-413.
  • Soare, A., Weiss, E.P., Holloszy, J.O., Fontana, L. (2014). Multiple dietary supplements do not affect metabolic and cardiovascular health. Aging, 6(2), 149-157.
  • Soni, M.G., Burdock, G.A., Christian, M.A., Bitler, C.M., Crea, R. (2006). Safety assessment of aqueous olive pulp extract as an antioxidant or antimicrobial agent in foods. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 44, 903-915.
  • Souza, E.M.T., Sousa, L.M., Arruda, S.F., Siqueira, E.M.A. (2002). Protein improves the bioavailability of calcium and phosphorus from an alternative dietary supplement in rats. Nutrition Research, 22, 945-955. Sullivan, P.G., Geiger, J.D., Mattson, M.P., Scheff, S.W. (2000). Dietary supplement creatine protects against traumatic brain injury. Annals of Neurology, 48 (5), 723-729.
  • Tek, N.A., Pekcan, G. (2008). Besin destekleri kullanılmalı mı? Klasmat Matbaacılık, 32s, ISBN: 978-975-590-243-2
  • Tousel, M.D. (2015). The manufacturing process, tablet and capsule manufacturing. Techceuticals, 15, 1-12.
  • Türkmen, Z., Türkdoğru, S., Mercan, S., Açıkkol, M. (2014). Bitkisel ürünlerin ve gıda destek ürünlerinin içeriklerinin adli ve hukuki boyutu. Adli Tıp Bülteni, 19(1), 38-48.
  • Wolfe, K.L., Liu, R.H. (2007). Cellular antioxidant activity (CAA) assay for assesing antioxidants, foods and dietary supplements. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 55, 8896-8907.
  • Yetley, E.A. (2007). Multivitamin and multimineral dietary supplements: definitions, characterization, bioavailability, and drug interactions1–3. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 85, 269-276.

DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS AND THEIR EFFECTS ON HEALTH

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 2, 98 - 111, 20.01.2018

Derya Atalay , Hande Selen Erge

https://doi.org/10.3153/FH18010

Öz

Dietary supplement is defined as “a product that is used by man to
supplement the diet and contains dietary ingredients such as vitamins,
minerals, amino acids, herbs or other botanical dietary substances”. Using of
dietary supplement is widespread because of successful marketing strategies,
advertising and internet information sources. The main steps of supplement
production are formulation, blending, milling, granulation, drying, final
blending, tableting, tablet press tooling, coating, and encapsulation. Fruits
and vegetables, plants, microorganisms and animal origin as raw material are
used in production of dietary supplements. Since, beneficial properties of
foods on human health are known; consumption of food supplements is increased
in recent years. The most common problems observed in
dietary supplements are the risk of contamination, additives, toxicity, and
standardization of dose and accuracy of labeling. Direct intoxications related
with these products as well as adverse effects due to drug interactions are
observed recently in Turkey and World. It is known that dietary supplements
should not be considered as medicine, but when are consumed correctly,
positively affect the health of humans.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Dietary supplements Supplement production Food components Health

Kaynakça

  • Agrawal, R. (2005). Probiotics: An emerging food supplement with health benefits. Food Biotechnology, 19, 227-246.
  • Al-Sheraji, S.H., Ismail, A., Manap, M.Y., Mustafa, S., Yusof, R.M. & Hassan, F.A. (2011). Functional properties and characterization of dietary fiber from mangifera pajang kort. fruit pulp. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 59, 3980-3985.
  • Anonim (2013). Türk Gıda Kodeksi Takviye Edici Gıdalar Tebliği. Ağustos 2013 (Tebliğ No: 2013/49), Resmi Gazete Tarihi: 16.08.2013, Sayısı: 28737.
  • Anonim, (2006). http://ec.europa.eu/food/safety/docs/labelling_nutrition-vitamins_minerals-discus_paper_amount_vitamins_en.pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 06.01.2016.)
  • Bailey, R.L., Gahche, J.J., Miller, P.E., Thomas, P.R., Dwyer, J.T. (2013). Why US adults use dietary supplements. JAMA Internal Medicine, 173(5), 355-361.
  • Blake, D., Hamblett, C.J., Frost, P.C., Judd, P.A., Ellis, P.R. (1997). Wheat bread supplemented with depolymerized guar gum reduces the plasma cholesterol concentration in hypercholesterolemic human subjects 1-3. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 65, 107-113.
  • Bodhmage, A. (2006). Correlation between physical properties and flowability indicators for fine powders. A Master Thesis, College of Graduate Studies and Research, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon, Saskatchewan. 122p.
  • Boever, P.D., Wouters, R., Verstraete, W. (2001). Combined use of Lactobacillus reuteri and soygerm powder as food supplement. Letters in Applied Microbiology, 33, 420-424.
  • Calder, P.C. (2015). Functional roles of fatty acids and their effects on human health. Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition, 39, 18-32.
  • Chambers, S.J., Lambert, N., Plumb, G.W., Williamson, G. (1995). Evaluation of the antioxidant properties of a methanolic extract from ‘Juice Plus fruit’ and ‘Juice Plus vegetable’ (dietary supplements). Food Chemistry, 57 (2), 271-274.
  • Chandra, A., Rana, J., Li, Y. (2001). Separation, identification, quantification, and method validation of anthocyanins in botanical supplement raw materials by HPLC and HPLC-MS. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 49, 3515-3521.
  • Coppens, P., Delmulle, L., Gulati, O., Richardson, D., Ruthsatz, M., Sievers, H., Sidani, S. (2006). Use of botanicals in food supplements. Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism, 50, 538-554.
  • Davidson, M.H., Dugan, L.D., Stocki, J., Dicklin, M.R., Maki, K.C., Coletta, F., Cotter, R., Mcleod, M., Hoersten, K. (1998). A low-viscosity soluble-fiber fruit juice supplement fails to lower cholesterol in hypercholesterolemic men and women. The Journal of Nutrition, 128, 1927-1932.
  • Dickinson, A., Blatman, J., El-Dash, N., Franco, J.C. (2014). Consumer usage and reasons for using dietary supplements: report of a series of surveys. Journal of the American College of Nutrition, 33(2), 176-182.
  • Diop, L., Guillou, S., Durand, H. (2008). Probiotic food supplement reduces stress-induced gastrointestinal symptoms in volunteers: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial. Nutrition Research, 28, 1-5.
  • Durante, K.M., Whitmore, B., Jones, C.A., Campbell, N.R. (2001). Use of vitamins, minerals and herbs: a survey of patients attending family practice clinics. Clinical and Investigative Medicine, 24, 242–249.
  • Eccleston, C., Baoru, Y., Tahvonen, R., Kallio, H., Rimbach, G.H., Minihane, A.M. (2002). Effects of an antioxidant-rich juice (sea buckthorn) on risk factors for coronary heart disease in humans. The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry, 13, 346-354.
  • Ergen, A., Bozkurt Bekoğlu, F. (2016). Türkiye’de besin destek ürünlerine yönelik görüşler ve tüketici profilini tanımlamaya yönelik bir araştırma. Journal of Business Research Turk, 8(1), 323-341.
  • Ersöz, T. (2012). Bitkisel ilaçlar ve gıda takviyeleri ile ilgili genel yaklaşım ve sorunlar. Meslek İçi Sürekli Eğitim Dergisi Türk Eczacıları Birliği Yayını, 27-28, 11-21.
  • Escrig, A.J., Rincon, M., Pulido, R., Calixto, F.S. (2001). Guava fruit (psidium guajava l.) as a new source of antioxidant dietary fiber. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 49, 5489-5493.
  • Femenia, A., Robertson, J.A., Waldron, K.W., Selvendran, R.R. (1998). Cauliflower (Brassica oleracea L), globe artichoke (Cynara scolymus) and chicory witloof (Cichorium intybus) processing by-products as sources of dietary fibre. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 77, 511-518.
  • Fraquelli, M., Colli, A., Cocciolo, M., Conte, D. (2000). Adult syncytial giant cell chronic hepatitis due to herbal remedy. Journal of Hepatology, 33, 505-508.
  • Geil, P., McWhorter, L.S. (2008). Dietary supplements in the management of diabetes: potential risks and benefits. The Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 108, 59- 65.
  • Geller, A.I., Shehab, N., Weidle, N.J., Lovegrove, M.C., Wolpert, B.J., Timbo, B.B., Mozersky, R.P., Budnitz, D.S. (2015). Emergency department visits for adverse events related to dietary supplements. The New England Journal of Medicine, 373(16), 1531-1540.
  • Güzelsoy, N.A., İzgi, B. (2015). Balık Yağı Gıda Takviyelerinde Metal Bulaşanlarının (As, Hg, Cd, Pb) Belirlenmesinde Analitik Parametrelerinin Optimizasyonu. Gıda ve Yem Bilimi Teknolojisi Dergisi, 15, 19-26.
  • Halsted, C.H. (2003). Dietary supplements and functional foods: 2 sides of a coin? The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 77, 1001–1007.
  • Harding, K.L., Judah, R.D., Gant, C.E. (2003). Outcome-based comparison of Ritalin® versus food-supplement treated children with AD/HD. Alternative Medicine Review, 8(3), 319-330.
  • Harnack, L.J., Rydell, S.A., Stang, J. (2001). Prevalence of use of herbal products by adults in the Minneapolis/St Paul, Minn, Metropolitan Area. Mayo Clinic Proceedings, 76, 688-694.
  • Heymsfield, S.B., Allison, D.B., Vasselli, J.R., Pietrobelli, A., Greenfield, D., Nunez, C. (1998). Garcinia cambogia (hydroxycitric acid) as a potential antiobesity agent a randomized controlled trial. The Journal of the American Medical Association, 280(18), 1596-1600.
  • Kalt, W., Dufour, D. (1997). Health functionality of blueberries. Hort Technology, 7(3), 216- 221.
  • Kim, H.J., Lee, J.H., Park, H.J., Cho, S.H., Cho, S., Kim, W.S. (2014). Monitoring of 29 weight loss compounds in foods and dietary supplements by LC-MS/MS. Food Additivies and Contaminants, Part A, 31(5), 777-783.
  • Kolb, N., Vallorani, L., Milanovic, N., Stocchi, V. (2004). Evaluation of Marine Algea Wakame (Undaria pinnatifida) and Kombu (Laminaria digitata japonica) as food supplements. Food Technology and Biotechnology, 42(1), 57-61.
  • Lange, D. (1998). European medicinal and aromatic plants: Their use, trade and conservation. Traffic International, Cambridge, United Kingdom: s.119.
  • Leonard, S.S., Cutler, D., Ding, M., Vallyathan, V., Castranova, V., Shi, X. (2002). Antioxidant properties of fruit and vegetable juices: more to the story than ascorbic acid. Annals of Clinical and Laboratory Science, 32 (2), 193-200.
  • Lewis, D.A., Fields, W.N., Shaw, G.P. (1999). A natural flavonoid present in unripe plantain banana pulp (Musa sapientum L. var. paradisiaca) protects the gastric mucosa from aspirin-induced erosions. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 65, 283-288.
  • Li, Y., Guo, C., Yang, J., Wei, J., Xu, J., Cheng, S. (2006). Evaluation of antioxidant properties of pomegranate peel extract in comparison with pomegranate pulp extract. Food Chemistry, 96, 254-260.
  • Liu, R.H. (2003). Health benefits of fruit and vegetables are from additive and synergistic combinations of phytochemicals. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 78, 517-520.
  • Maughan, R.J., King, D.S., Lea, T. (2004). Dietary supplements. Journal of Sports Science, 22, 95-113.
  • McWhorter, L.S. (2009). Dietary supplements for diabetes: an evaluation of commonly used products. Diabetes Spectrum, 22(4), 206- 213.
  • Mol, S. (2008). Balık yağı tüketimi ve insan sağlığı üzerine etkileri. Journal of FisheriesSciences.com, 2(4), 601-607.
  • Özcan, V. (2011). Bitkisel gıda takviyeleri alanına ilişkin bir durum değerlendirmesi: sorunlar ve çözüm önerileri. Türkiye Eczacılar Birliği Haberler, Temmuz-Ağustos, 16-22.
  • Pasiakos, S.M., McLellan, T.M., Lieberman, H.R. (2015). The effects of protein supplements on muscle mass, strength, and aerobic and anaerobic power in healthy adults: a systematic review. Sports Medicine, 45, 111-131.
  • Petroczi, A., Taylor, G., Naughton, D.P. (2011). Mission Impossible? Regulatory and enforcement issues to ensure safety of dietray supplements. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 49, 393-402.
  • Pittler, M.H., Ernst, E. (2004). Dietary supplements for body-weight reduction: a systematic review 1,2. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 79, 529-536.
  • Pittler, M.H., Schmidt, K., Ernst, E. (2005). Adverse events of herbal food supplements for body weight reduction: systematic review. Obesity Reviews, 6, 93-111.
  • Playford, R.J., Floyd, D.N., MacDonald, C.E., Calnan, D.P., Adenekan, R.O., Johnson, W., Goodlad, R.A., Marchbank, T. (1999). Bovine colostrum is a health food supplement which prevents NSAID induced gut damage. Gut, 44, 653-658.
  • Playford, R.J., MacDonald, C.E., Calnan, D.P., Floyd, D.N., Podas, T., Johnson, W., Wicks, A.C., Bashir, O., Marchbank, T. (2001). Co-administration of the health food supplement, bovine colostrum, reduces the acute non-steroidal anti-inflammatory druginduced increase in intestinal permeability. Clinical Science, 100, 627-633.
  • Rasmussen, C.B., Glisson, J.K. & Minor, D.S. (2012). Dietary supplements and hypertension: Potential benefits and precautions. The Journal of Clinical Hypertension, 14(7), 467-471.
  • Rautiainen, S., Manson, J.E., Lichtenstein, A.H., Sesso, H.D. (2016). Dietary supplements and disease prevention — a global overview. Nature Reviewes, 12, 407-420.
  • Reid, I.R., Bolland, M.J., Avenell, A., Grey, A. (2011). Cardiovascular effects of calcium supplementation. Osteoporosis International, 22, 1649-1658.
  • Rodriguez, R., Jimenez, A., Bolanos, J.F., Guillen, R., Heredia, A. (2006). Dietary fiber from vegetable products as source of functional ingredients. Trends in Food Science and Technology, 17, 3-15.
  • Schieber, A., Stintzing, F.C., Carle, R. (2001). By-products of plant food processing as a source of functional compounds —recent developments. Trends in Food Science and Technology, 12, 401-413.
  • Soare, A., Weiss, E.P., Holloszy, J.O., Fontana, L. (2014). Multiple dietary supplements do not affect metabolic and cardiovascular health. Aging, 6(2), 149-157.
  • Soni, M.G., Burdock, G.A., Christian, M.A., Bitler, C.M., Crea, R. (2006). Safety assessment of aqueous olive pulp extract as an antioxidant or antimicrobial agent in foods. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 44, 903-915.
  • Souza, E.M.T., Sousa, L.M., Arruda, S.F., Siqueira, E.M.A. (2002). Protein improves the bioavailability of calcium and phosphorus from an alternative dietary supplement in rats. Nutrition Research, 22, 945-955. Sullivan, P.G., Geiger, J.D., Mattson, M.P., Scheff, S.W. (2000). Dietary supplement creatine protects against traumatic brain injury. Annals of Neurology, 48 (5), 723-729.
  • Tek, N.A., Pekcan, G. (2008). Besin destekleri kullanılmalı mı? Klasmat Matbaacılık, 32s, ISBN: 978-975-590-243-2
  • Tousel, M.D. (2015). The manufacturing process, tablet and capsule manufacturing. Techceuticals, 15, 1-12.
  • Türkmen, Z., Türkdoğru, S., Mercan, S., Açıkkol, M. (2014). Bitkisel ürünlerin ve gıda destek ürünlerinin içeriklerinin adli ve hukuki boyutu. Adli Tıp Bülteni, 19(1), 38-48.
  • Wolfe, K.L., Liu, R.H. (2007). Cellular antioxidant activity (CAA) assay for assesing antioxidants, foods and dietary supplements. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 55, 8896-8907.
  • Yetley, E.A. (2007). Multivitamin and multimineral dietary supplements: definitions, characterization, bioavailability, and drug interactions1–3. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 85, 269-276.
Toplam 60 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Gıda Mühendisliği
Bölüm Articles
Yazarlar

Derya Atalay 0000-0003-4536-7239

Hande Selen Erge 0000-0002-4313-1014

Yayımlanma Tarihi 20 Ocak 2018
Gönderilme Tarihi 12 Temmuz 2017
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2018Cilt: 4 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Atalay, D., & Erge, H. S. (2018). GIDA TAKVİYELERİ VE SAĞLIK ÜZERİNE ETKİLERİ. Food and Health, 4(2), 98-111. https://doi.org/10.3153/FH18010
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