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Türkiye'nin Afyonkarahisar ve Kütahya illerinde satışa sunulan adaçayı, ıhlamur, kekik ve yeşil çay örneklerinin oksidan/antioksidan aktivite ve mineral düzeylerinin araştırılması

Year 2025, Issue: Advanced Online Publication, 31 - 38, 19.12.2025
https://doi.org/10.3153/FH26003

Abstract

Günümüzde sanayileşmenin hızla gelişmesi nedeniyle oluşan çevre kirliliği gıdalarda ağır metallerin birikmesine sebep olmaktadır. Bu ağır metallerin belirli seviyeleri aşması insan sağlığını ciddi şekilde tehdit etmektedir. Bu çalışmada Afyonkarahisar ve Kütahya il merkezlerinde aktarlarda/pazarda satışa sunulan tedavi edici amacıyla kullanılan bitkilerde (adaçayı, ıhlamur, kekik, yeşil çay) 20’şer örnek olmak üzere toplam 80 örnekte ağır metal varlığı ve oksidan - antioksidan etkinlik farklılıkları incelenmiştir. Çalışmada Metal içerikleri, Total Antioksidan Statü (TAS), Total Oksidan Statü (TOS) ve Oksidatif stres indeksinin (OSI) düzeyleri tespit edilmiştir. Metal içerikleri ICP-OES cihazı kullanılarak tespit edilmiştir Araştırma sonucunda bitki numunelerinin arsenik (As), antimon (Sb), selenyum (Se) içermediği belirlenmiş olsa da farklı seviyelerde Be, Cd, Cr, Co, Cu, Fe, Pb, Li, Mg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Sr, Tl, Ti, V, Zn içerdiği analizler sonunda görülmüştür. En yüksek TAS, TOS ve OSI değerleri yeşil çay örneklerinde tespit edilmiştir. TAS, TOS, OSI değerleri arasında istatistiksel anlamda fark bulunmaktadır (p < 0.05). Sonuç olarak bitki çaylarının bilinçsizce kullanımından kaçınılmalı, dikkatli kullanılmadığı takdirde sağlık açısından kötü sonuçlar oluşturabileceği bilinmeli, bitki türlerinin her biri için insan beslenmesi açısından belli standartlar ortaya konulmalıdır.

Ethical Statement

Bu çalışma “Hayvan Deneyleri Etik Kurullarının Çalışma Usul ve Esaslarına Dair Yönetmelik” Madde 8 (k) gereği HADYEK iznine tabi değildir. Ek olarak bu yazıda sunulan veri, bilgi ve belgeler akademik ve etik kurallar çerçevesinde elde edilmiştir.

Supporting Institution

Bu çalışma, Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Koordinasyon Birimi tarafından 22.SAĞ.BİL.02 proje numarası ile desteklenmiştir.

Project Number

22.SAĞ.BİL.02

Thanks

Bu çalışma Yüksek Lisans tezinden üretilmiştir (2023-018).

References

  • Acar, S. (2019). Şanlıurfa’da Tüketilen Siyah Çay Çeşitlerinin Ağır Metal İçeriklerinin Saptanması, Harran Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Şanlıurfa.
  • Akçakaya, F.G. (2018). Bazı Bitki çaylarının farklı demleme sıcaklığı ve depolama koşullarına bağlı olarak biyoaktif özelliklerinde meydana gelen değişimlerin belirlenmesi. Adana Bilim ve Teknoloji Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, 4s, Adana.
  • Akdağ, G., Hazman, Ö., Aksoy, L., Savrık, M., Büyükben, A., Yılmaz, M. A., Cakir, O., & Kara, R. (2024). Phytochemical composition, antimicrobial, antioxidant, and wound healing activities of Thermopsis turcica. Zeitschrift für Naturforschung. C, Journal of Biosciences, 80(5-6), 261–274. https://doi.org/10.1515/znc-2024-0102
  • Akram, M., Laila, U., Zainab, R., Itoandon, E. (2022). Herbal Treatment of Chest Pain International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Development, 9(12), 93–95.
  • Balkır, Ş., Hazman, Ö., Aksoy, L., Yılmaz, M.A., Çakır, O., Kara, R. ve diğerleri. (2023). Phytochemical profile, antioxidant and antimicrobial potency of aerial parts of Salvia tomentosa Miller. Acta Chimica Slovenica, 70(2), 218-225. https://doi.org/10.17344/acsi.2023.8008
  • Bedir, N. (2010). Açık ve Paket Çaylarda Bulunan Ağır Metallerin ICP-OES ile Analizleri, Sakarya Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Sakarya.
  • Erol, I., Hazman, Ö., Aksu, M., & Bulut, E. (2022). Synergistic effect of ZnO nanoparticles and hesperidin on the antibacterial properties of chitosan, Journal of Biomaterials Science. Polymer edition, 33(15), 1973–1997. https://doi.org/10.1080/09205063.2022.2099668
  • Hazman, Ö., Aksoy, L., Büyükben, A., Kara, R., Kargioğlu, M., Kumral, Z.B., & Erol, I. (2021). Evaluation of antioxidant, cytotoxic, antibacterial effects and mineral levels of Verbascum lasianthum Boiss. Ex Bentham. Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências, 93(supl. 4), e20210865. https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765202120210865
  • Hazman, Ö., Evin, H., Bozkurt, M.F. Ciğerci İ.H. (2022). Two faces of arbutin in hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cells: Anticarcinogenic effect in high concentration and protective effect against cisplatin toxicity through its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity in low concentration. Biologia, 77, 225–239. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11756-021-00921-8
  • Kaya, D.B. (2006). Piyasada satışa sunulan bazı bitkisel çayların mikrobiyolojik kalitesi. Ankara Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Ankara.
  • Korkmaz, N., Dayangaç, A., Sevindik, M. (2021). Galium aparine’nin antioksidan, antimikrobiyal ve antiproliferatif aktiviteleri. Ankara Üniversitesi Eczacılık Fakültesi Dergisi, 45(3), 554–564. https://doi.org/10.33483/jfpau.977776
  • Leblebici, S., Bahtiyar S.D., Özyurt, M.S. (2012). Kütahya aktarlarında satılan bazı tıbbi bitkilerin ağır metal miktarlarının incelenmesi, Dumlupınar Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 29(1), 1302-3055.
  • Mohammed, F.S., Dastan, T., Sevindik, M., Selamoğlu, Z. (2019). Erzincan bölgesinde toplanan Satureja hortensis bitkisinin antioksidan, antimikrobiyal aktivite veterapotik profilinin belirlenmesi, Cumhuriyet Tıp Dergisi, 41(3), 558-562.
  • Mohammed, F.S., Korkmaz, N., Doğan, M., Şabik, A.E., Sevindik, M. (2021). Glycyrrhiza glabra’ nın bazı tıbbi özellikleri (Meyan Kökü), Ankara Üniversitesi Eczacılık Fakültesi Dergisi, 45(3), 554–564.
  • Okut, N. (2019). Van ilinden seçilmiş bazı tıbbi bitkilerin ağır metal içerikleri, Iğdır Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 9(1), 533-544. https://doi.org/10.21597/jist.491129
  • Özer, Z., Tursun, N., Önen, H. (2001). Yabancı otlarla sağlıklı yaşam (Gıda ve Tedavi). 4Renk Yayınları, Ankara, s:133. ISBN: 975-8205-08-0
  • Pohl, P., Bielawska-Pohl, A., Dzimitrowicz, A., Greda, K., Jamroz, P., Lesniewicz, A. (2018). Understanding element composition of medicinal plants used in herbalism: A case study by analytical atomic spectrometry. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, 159, 262–271. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpba.2018.06.017
  • Rajan, J., Singh, K., Kumar, S., Mishra, R.K. (2014). Trace elements content in the selected medicinal plants used for curing skin diseases by the natives of Mizoram, India, Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine, 7, 410–414. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1995-7645(14)60267-4
  • Tavli, Ö. F., Aobuliaikemu, N., Hazman, Ö., Büyükben, A., Gazioğlu, İ. & Eroğlu-Özkan, E. (2025). Safety Data on Hypericum perforatum L. products: Phenolic profiles, antioxidant activity, and trace element assessment. Journal of Research in Pharmacy, 28(6), 1861–1868. https://doi.org/10.29228/jrp.859
  • Tavlı, Ö., Hazman, Ö., Büyükben, A., Yılmaz, F., Çelik, B., Özkan, E. (2020). İstanbul aktarlarında satılan Hypericum perforatum örneklerinin farmakognozik açıdan incelenmesi. Ankara Üniversitesi Eczacılık Fakültesi Dergisi, 44(2), 265–280. https://doi.org/10.33483/jfpau.686546
  • Üstü, Y., Uğurlu, M. (2018). Fitoterapide Bitkisel Çaylar. Ankara Medical Journal, 1, 137–40.

Investigation of oxidant/antioxidant activity and mineral levels of sage, linden, thyme and green tea samples sold in Afyonkarahisar and Kütahya provinces of Türkiye

Year 2025, Issue: Advanced Online Publication, 31 - 38, 19.12.2025
https://doi.org/10.3153/FH26003

Abstract

Nowadays, environmental pollution from rapid industrialisation leads to the breakdown of heavy metals in food. Exceeding certain levels of these heavy metals poses a serious threat to humans. In this study, the presence of heavy metals and differences in oxidant-antioxidant activity were investigated in a total of 80 samples, 20 of which were used for medicinal purposes (sage, linden, thyme, green tea) by herbalists/markets in the city centres of Afyonkarahisar and Kütahya. In the study, the levels of metal content, Total Antioxidant Status (TAS), Total Oxidant Status (TOS), and Oxidative Stress Index (OSI) were determined. Metal contents were determined using the ICP-OES instrument. Metal contents were determined using the ICP-OES instrument. As a result of the research, although it was determined that the plant samples did not contain arsenic (As), antimony (Sb), selenium (Se), different levels of Be, Cd, Cr, Co, Cu, Fe, Pb, Li, Mg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Sr, Tl, Ti, V, Zn It was seen at the end of the analysis that it contains. The highest TAS, TOS and OSI values were detected in green tea samples. There is a statistical difference between TAS, TOS, and OSI values (p < 0.05). As a result, the unconscious use of herbal teas should be avoided; if used carelessly, they can cause adverse health effects, and specific standards for human nutrition should be set for each plant species.

Ethical Statement

This study is not subject to HADYEK (Animal Experimentation Ethics Committee) approval pursuant to Article 8 (k) of the "Regulation on the Working Procedures and Principles of Animal Experimentation Ethics Committees". Additionally, the data, information, and documents presented in this paper were obtained within the framework of academic and ethical guidelines.

Supporting Institution

This study was supported by the Afyon Kocatepe University Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit under project number 22.SAĞ.BİL.02.

Project Number

22.SAĞ.BİL.02

Thanks

This study is derived from a Master's thesis (2023-018).

References

  • Acar, S. (2019). Şanlıurfa’da Tüketilen Siyah Çay Çeşitlerinin Ağır Metal İçeriklerinin Saptanması, Harran Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Şanlıurfa.
  • Akçakaya, F.G. (2018). Bazı Bitki çaylarının farklı demleme sıcaklığı ve depolama koşullarına bağlı olarak biyoaktif özelliklerinde meydana gelen değişimlerin belirlenmesi. Adana Bilim ve Teknoloji Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, 4s, Adana.
  • Akdağ, G., Hazman, Ö., Aksoy, L., Savrık, M., Büyükben, A., Yılmaz, M. A., Cakir, O., & Kara, R. (2024). Phytochemical composition, antimicrobial, antioxidant, and wound healing activities of Thermopsis turcica. Zeitschrift für Naturforschung. C, Journal of Biosciences, 80(5-6), 261–274. https://doi.org/10.1515/znc-2024-0102
  • Akram, M., Laila, U., Zainab, R., Itoandon, E. (2022). Herbal Treatment of Chest Pain International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Development, 9(12), 93–95.
  • Balkır, Ş., Hazman, Ö., Aksoy, L., Yılmaz, M.A., Çakır, O., Kara, R. ve diğerleri. (2023). Phytochemical profile, antioxidant and antimicrobial potency of aerial parts of Salvia tomentosa Miller. Acta Chimica Slovenica, 70(2), 218-225. https://doi.org/10.17344/acsi.2023.8008
  • Bedir, N. (2010). Açık ve Paket Çaylarda Bulunan Ağır Metallerin ICP-OES ile Analizleri, Sakarya Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Sakarya.
  • Erol, I., Hazman, Ö., Aksu, M., & Bulut, E. (2022). Synergistic effect of ZnO nanoparticles and hesperidin on the antibacterial properties of chitosan, Journal of Biomaterials Science. Polymer edition, 33(15), 1973–1997. https://doi.org/10.1080/09205063.2022.2099668
  • Hazman, Ö., Aksoy, L., Büyükben, A., Kara, R., Kargioğlu, M., Kumral, Z.B., & Erol, I. (2021). Evaluation of antioxidant, cytotoxic, antibacterial effects and mineral levels of Verbascum lasianthum Boiss. Ex Bentham. Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências, 93(supl. 4), e20210865. https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765202120210865
  • Hazman, Ö., Evin, H., Bozkurt, M.F. Ciğerci İ.H. (2022). Two faces of arbutin in hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cells: Anticarcinogenic effect in high concentration and protective effect against cisplatin toxicity through its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity in low concentration. Biologia, 77, 225–239. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11756-021-00921-8
  • Kaya, D.B. (2006). Piyasada satışa sunulan bazı bitkisel çayların mikrobiyolojik kalitesi. Ankara Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Ankara.
  • Korkmaz, N., Dayangaç, A., Sevindik, M. (2021). Galium aparine’nin antioksidan, antimikrobiyal ve antiproliferatif aktiviteleri. Ankara Üniversitesi Eczacılık Fakültesi Dergisi, 45(3), 554–564. https://doi.org/10.33483/jfpau.977776
  • Leblebici, S., Bahtiyar S.D., Özyurt, M.S. (2012). Kütahya aktarlarında satılan bazı tıbbi bitkilerin ağır metal miktarlarının incelenmesi, Dumlupınar Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 29(1), 1302-3055.
  • Mohammed, F.S., Dastan, T., Sevindik, M., Selamoğlu, Z. (2019). Erzincan bölgesinde toplanan Satureja hortensis bitkisinin antioksidan, antimikrobiyal aktivite veterapotik profilinin belirlenmesi, Cumhuriyet Tıp Dergisi, 41(3), 558-562.
  • Mohammed, F.S., Korkmaz, N., Doğan, M., Şabik, A.E., Sevindik, M. (2021). Glycyrrhiza glabra’ nın bazı tıbbi özellikleri (Meyan Kökü), Ankara Üniversitesi Eczacılık Fakültesi Dergisi, 45(3), 554–564.
  • Okut, N. (2019). Van ilinden seçilmiş bazı tıbbi bitkilerin ağır metal içerikleri, Iğdır Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 9(1), 533-544. https://doi.org/10.21597/jist.491129
  • Özer, Z., Tursun, N., Önen, H. (2001). Yabancı otlarla sağlıklı yaşam (Gıda ve Tedavi). 4Renk Yayınları, Ankara, s:133. ISBN: 975-8205-08-0
  • Pohl, P., Bielawska-Pohl, A., Dzimitrowicz, A., Greda, K., Jamroz, P., Lesniewicz, A. (2018). Understanding element composition of medicinal plants used in herbalism: A case study by analytical atomic spectrometry. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, 159, 262–271. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpba.2018.06.017
  • Rajan, J., Singh, K., Kumar, S., Mishra, R.K. (2014). Trace elements content in the selected medicinal plants used for curing skin diseases by the natives of Mizoram, India, Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine, 7, 410–414. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1995-7645(14)60267-4
  • Tavli, Ö. F., Aobuliaikemu, N., Hazman, Ö., Büyükben, A., Gazioğlu, İ. & Eroğlu-Özkan, E. (2025). Safety Data on Hypericum perforatum L. products: Phenolic profiles, antioxidant activity, and trace element assessment. Journal of Research in Pharmacy, 28(6), 1861–1868. https://doi.org/10.29228/jrp.859
  • Tavlı, Ö., Hazman, Ö., Büyükben, A., Yılmaz, F., Çelik, B., Özkan, E. (2020). İstanbul aktarlarında satılan Hypericum perforatum örneklerinin farmakognozik açıdan incelenmesi. Ankara Üniversitesi Eczacılık Fakültesi Dergisi, 44(2), 265–280. https://doi.org/10.33483/jfpau.686546
  • Üstü, Y., Uğurlu, M. (2018). Fitoterapide Bitkisel Çaylar. Ankara Medical Journal, 1, 137–40.
There are 21 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Food Safety, Traceability, Certification and Authenticity
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Ceyda Nur Yalçın 0000-0003-4970-9398

Recep Kara 0000-0002-9257-7506

Ömer Hazman 0000-0002-2702-6847

Project Number 22.SAĞ.BİL.02
Submission Date March 17, 2025
Acceptance Date July 25, 2025
Early Pub Date December 19, 2025
Publication Date December 19, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Issue: Advanced Online Publication

Cite

APA Yalçın, C. N., Kara, R., & Hazman, Ö. (2025). Türkiye’nin Afyonkarahisar ve Kütahya illerinde satışa sunulan adaçayı, ıhlamur, kekik ve yeşil çay örneklerinin oksidan/antioksidan aktivite ve mineral düzeylerinin araştırılması. Food and Health(Advanced Online Publication), 31-38. https://doi.org/10.3153/FH26003

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Reviews should be conducted objectively. Personal criticism of the author is inappropriate. Referees should express their views clearly with supporting arguments.

Acknowledgement of Sources

Reviewers should identify relevant published work that has not been cited by the authors. Any statement that an observation, derivation, or argument had been previously reported should be accompanied by the relevant citation. A reviewer should also call to the editor's attention any substantial similarity or overlap between the manuscript under consideration and any other published paper of which they have personal knowledge.

Disclosure and Conflict of Interest

Privileged information or ideas obtained through peer review must be kept confidential and not used for personal advantage. Reviewers should not consider manuscripts in which they have conflicts of interest resulting from competitive, collaborative, or other relationships or connections with any of the authors, companies, or institutions connected to the papers.

DUTIES OF AUTHORS

Reporting Standards

Authors of reports of original research should present an accurate account of the work performed as well as an objective discussion of its significance. Underlying data should be represented accurately in the paper. A paper should contain sufficient detail and references to permit others to replicate the work. Fraudulent or knowingly inaccurate statements constitute unethical behavior and are unacceptable.

Data Access and Retention

Authors are asked to provide the raw data in connection with a paper for editorial review, and should be prepared to provide public access to such data (consistent with the ALPSP-STM Statement on Data and Databases), if practicable, and should in any event be prepared to retain such data for a reasonable time after publication.

Originality and Plagiarism

The authors should ensure that they have written entirely original works, and if the authors have used the work and/or words of others that this has been appropriately cited or quoted.

Multiple, Redundant or Concurrent Publication

An author should not in general publish manuscripts describing essentially the same research in more than one journal or primary publication. Submitting the same manuscript to more than one journal concurrently constitutes unethical publishing behaviour and is unacceptable.

Acknowledgement of Sources

Proper acknowledgment of the work of others must always be given. Authors should cite publications that have been influential in determining the nature of the reported work.

Authorship of the Paper

Authorship should be limited to those who have made a significant contribution to the conception, design, execution, or interpretation of the reported study. All those who have made significant contributions should be listed as co-authors. Where there are others who have participated in certain substantive aspects of the research project, they should be acknowledged or listed as contributors.

The corresponding author should ensure that all appropriate co-authors and no inappropriate co-authors are included on the paper, and that all co-authors have seen and approved the final version of the paper and have agreed to its submission for publication.

Hazards and Human or Animal Subjects

If the work involves chemicals, procedures or equipment that have any unusual hazards inherent in their use, the author must clearly identify these in the manuscript.

Disclosure and Conflicts of Interest

All authors should disclose in their manuscript any financial or other substantive conflict of interest that might be construed to influence the results or interpretation of their manuscript. All sources of financial support for the project should be disclosed.

Fundamental Errors in Published Works

When an author discovers a significant error or inaccuracy in his/her own published work, it is the author’s obligation to promptly notify the journal editor or publisher and cooperate with the editor to retract or correct the paper.

COPYRIGHT

The copyright of any open access article in the "FOOD and HEALTH" journal published on the "ScientificWebJournals" web portal hosted by "DergiPark" belongs to the author(s).

Authors grant "FOOD AND HEALTH" a license to publish the article and identify it self as the original publisher.

Authors also grant any third party the right to use the article freely as long as its integrity is maintained and its original authors, citation details and publisher are identified.

Publisher retains the exclusive right to publish the work. The CC BY 4.0 license permits unlimited distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided that the original work is properly cited.

Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format

Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially

Processing and publication are free of charge with the journal. There is no article processing charges or submission fees for any submitted or accepted articles.

Diamond Open Access refers to a scholarly publication model in which journals and platforms do not charge fees to either authors or readers.

Open Access Statement:
This is an open access journal which means that all content is freely available without charge to the user or his/her institution. Users are allowed to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of the articles, or use them for any other lawful purpose, without asking prior permission from the publisher or the author. This is in accordance with the BOAI definition of open access.

Sorumlu Editör

Nutrition and Dietetics, Public Health, Food Sciences, Food Packaging, Preservation and Processing, Food Biotechnology, Food Safety, Traceability, Certification and Authenticity, Food Chemistry and Food Sensory Science, Food Microbiology, Food Technology, Post-Harvest Fisheries Technologies (Incl. Transportation), Veterinary Food Hygiene and Technology

Sorumlu Editör Yardımcısı

Food Properties, Food Engineering, Food Sciences, Aquaculture and Fisheries, Post-Harvest Fisheries Technologies (Incl. Transportation), Fisheries Technologies

Language Editors

Nutrition and Dietetics (Other), Food Packaging, Preservation and Processing, Food Safety, Traceability, Certification and Authenticity, Food Chemistry and Food Sensory Science, Food Microbiology, Food Technology, Food Sciences (Other), Fisheries Technologies

Editörler Kurulu

Food Sciences, Food Biotechnology, Food Safety, Traceability, Certification and Authenticity, Food Microbiology, Food Sustainability, Enzyme and Microbial Biotechnology in Agriculture
Food Nutritional Balance, Food Engineering, Functional Foods, Food Consumption
Food Technology, Food Sciences (Other), Fisheries Technologies
Food Engineering, Food Sciences, Food Microbiology
Biological Sciences, Nanobiotechnology, Molecular Genetics
Nutrition and Dietetics, Food Sciences
Nutritional Science, Food Properties, Food Nutritional Balance, Food Engineering, Food Packaging, Preservation and Processing, Food Biotechnology, Food Chemistry and Food Sensory Science, Post-Harvest Fisheries Technologies (Incl. Transportation), Fisheries Technologies
Photonics, Optoelectronics and Optical Communications, General Physics, Electronic and Magnetic Properties of Condensed Matter; Superconductivity
Food Engineering, Fermentation Technology, Food Packaging, Preservation and Processing, Food Safety, Traceability, Certification and Authenticity, Food Microbiology, Food Sciences (Other)
Nanobiotechnology, Nanotoxicology, Health and Safety

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Journal is licensed under a

CreativeCommons Attribtion-ShareAlike 4.0 International Licence  14627 1331027042
Diamond Open Access refers to a scholarly publication model in which journals and platforms do not charge fees to either authors or readers.

Open Access Statement:

This is an open access journal which means that all content is freely available without charge to the user or his/her institution. Users are allowed to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of the articles, or use them for any other lawful purpose, without asking prior permission from the publisher or the author. This is in accordance with the BOAI definition of open access.

Archiving Policy:

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Archiving is done according to ULAKBİM "DergiPark" publication policy (LOCKSS).