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FİTALAT ESTERLERİ VE SU ÜRÜNLERİ TÜKETİMİNDEKİ YERİ

Yıl 2017, , 59 - 66, 04.03.2017

Pınar Yerlikaya

https://doi.org/10.3153/JFHS17008

Öz

Teknolojinin
gelişmesi ile birlikte kullanımı artan birçok organik ve inorganik kirletici
ile kimyasal kontaminantlar hem biyolojik sistemi hem de insan sağlığını tehdit
edecek boyutlara ulaşmaktadır. Fitalatlar plastik malzemelere dayanıklılık ve
esneklik vermesi amacıyla kullanılan insan yapımı bileşiklerdir. Gıda
ambalajları, oyuncak, kozmetik, ev malzemeleri, medikal aletler gibi birçok
alanda plastik materyallerin kullanıldığı düşünüldüğünde fitalatlara ne kadar
çok maruz kaldığımız ortaya çıkmaktadır. Birçok organik kirletici gibi
fitalatlar da yağda çözülmekte ve su, hava ve organik yapılar sayesinde
taşınabilmektedir. Plastik materyallere kovalent bağ ile bağlanmadıkları için
ürünlerden çevreye yayılımı kolay olmaktadır. Sağlık riski taşıması nedeniyle
gıda ile temas eden materyallerde plastik kullanımı ve fitalat esterleri
içeriği yasal düzenlemelerle sınırlandırılmıştır. Su ürünleri kalıcı toksik
bileşiklerin biyoakümülasyonu açısından güvenilir bir indikatördür ve
insanların maruz kalma düzeyinin tespit edilmesinde kullanılabilmektedir.
Gerçekleştirilen çalışmalarda diğer gıda ürünlerinde olduğu gibi su ürünlerinin
de çeşitli oranlarda fitalat esterleri içerdiği ortaya konulmuştur. Farkında
olmadan yoğun miktarda maruz kaldığımız fitalat ve fitalat esterleri konusunda
üretici ve tüketicilerde bilinçlenme sağlanması gerekmektedir. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

Fitalat Fitalat esterleri DEHP BBP Su ürünleri

Kaynakça

  • Ait Bamai, Y.,Araki, A., Kawai, T., Tsuboi, T., Yoshioka, E., Kanazawa, A., Cong, S. & Kishi, R., (2015). Comparisons of urinary phthalate metabolites and daily phthalate intakes among Japanese families. International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health, 218, 461-470.
  • Ait Bamai, Y.,Araki, A., Kawai, T., Tsuboi, T., Saito, I., Yoshioka, E., Cong, S. & Kishi, R. (2016). Exposure to phthalates in house dust and associated allergies in children aged 6–12 years. Environment International, 96, 16-23.
  • Alves, A., Covaci, A. & Voorspoels, S. (2016). Are nails a valuable non-invasive alternative for estimating human exposure to phthalate esters? Environmental Research, 151, 184-194.
  • Anonim (2008). Gıda Maddeleri ile Temasta Bulunan Plastik Madde ve Malzemeler Tebliğinde Değişiklik Yapılması Hakkında Tebliğ. Tebliğ No: 2008/7.
  • Barron, M.G.,Albro, P.W. & Haytons, W.L. (1995). Biotransformation of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate byrainbow trout. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 14(5), 873-876.
  • Bornehag, C.-G., Sundell, J., Weschler, C.J., Sigsgaard, T., Lundgren, B., Hasselgren, M. & Hägerhed-Engman, L., (2004). The association between asthma and allergic symptoms in children and phthalates in house dust: a nested case-control study. Environmental Health Perspective, 112, 1393-1397.
  • Cariou, R., Larvor, F., Monteau, F., Marchand, P., Bichon, E., Dervilly-Pinel, G., Antignac, J. & Le Bizec, B. (2016). Measurement of phthalates diesters in food using gas chromatography–tandem masss pectrometry. Food Chemistry, 196, 211-219.
  • Cheng, Z., Li, H., Wang, H., Zhu, X., Sthiannopkao, S., Kim, K., Yasin, M.S.M., Hashim., J.H. & Wong, M. (2016). Dietary exposure and human risk assessment of phthalate esters based on total diet study in Cambodia. Environmental Research, 150, 423-430.
  • Duty, S., Calafat, A.M., Silva, M.J., Ryan, L. & Hauser, R. (2003). The relationship between environmental exposures to phthalates and DNA damage in human sperm using the neutral comet assay. Human Reproduction, 20, 604-610.
  • EFSA (2005). Opinion of the Scientific Panel on food additives, flavourings, processing aids and materials in contact with food (AFC) on a request from the Commission related to bis
  • Fierens, T., Vanerman, G., Van Holderbeke, M., De Henauw, S. & Sioen, I. (2012a). Effect of cooking at home on the levels of eight phthalates in foods. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 50, 4428-4435.
  • Fierens, T., Servaes, K., Ven Holderbeke, M., Geerts, L., De Henauw, S., Sioen, I. & Vanermen, G. (2012b). Analysis of phthalates in food products and packaging materials sold on the Belgian market. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 50, 2575-2583.
  • Frederiksen, H.,Skakkebaek, N.E. & Andersson, A.M. (2007). Metabolism of phthalates in humans. Molecular Nutrition and Food Research, 51, 899-911.
  • Fourgous, C., Chevreuil, M, Alliot, F., Amilhat, E., Faliex, E., Paris-Palacios, S., Teil, M.J. & Goutte, A. (2016). Phthalate metabolites in the European eel (Anguilla anguilla) from Mediterranean coastal lagoons. Science of the Total Environment, 569-570, 1053-1059.
  • Guo, Y., Zhang, Z., Liu, L., Li, Y., Ren, N. & Kannan, K. (2012). Occurrence and profiles of phthalates in foodstuffs from China and their implications for human exposure. Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry, 60, 6913-6919.
  • Jeddi, M.Z., Janani, L., Memari, A.H., Akhondzadeh, S. & Yunesian, M. (2016). The role of phthalateesters in autismdevelopment: A systematicreview. Environmental Research, 151, 493-504.
  • Johns, L.E., Cooper, G.S., Galizia, A. & Meeker, J.D. (2015). Exposure assessment issues in epidemiology studies of phthalates. Environmental International, 85, 27-39.
  • Kamrin, M.A. (2009). Phthalate risks, phthalate regulation, and public health: a review. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part B, 12,157-174.
  • Kim, S.H. & Park, M.J. (2014). Phthalate exposure and childhood obesity. Annals of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism, 19, 69-75.
  • Ku, H.Y., Su, P.H.,Wen, H.J., Sun, H.L.,Wang, C.J., Chen, H.Y., Jaakkola, J.J. & Wang, S.L. (2015). Prenatal and postnatal exposure to phthalate esters and asthma, a 9-year follow-up study of a Taiwanese birth cohort. PLoSOne, 10 (4), e0123309.
  • Liu, Y., Chen, Z. & Shen, J. (2013). Occurrence and removal characteristics of phthalate esters from typical water sources in Northeast China. Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry, Article ID 419349.
  • Liu, H., Cui, K., Zeng, F., Chen, L., Cheng, Y., Li, H., Li, S., Zhou, X., Zhu, F., Ouyang, G., Luan, T. & Zeng, Z. (2014). Occurrence and distribution of phthalate esters in riverine sediments from the Pearl River Delta region, South China. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 83 (1), 358–365.
  • Mariana, M., Feiteiro, J., Verde, I. & Cairrao, E. (2016). Theeffects of phthalates in the cardiovascula and reproductive systems: A review. Environment International, 94, 758-776.
  • Munshi, A.B., Karim, N., Shaukat, S., Hashmi, D., Boradman, G.D. & Fliick, G.J. (2013). Toxicity of phthalate esters in fish and shellfish from Virginia Beach using matrix solid phase dispersion (MSPD) and GC-MS. Journal of the Chemical Society Pakistan, 35 (6), 1463-1471.
  • Net, S., Sempéré, R., Delmont, A., Paluselli, A. & Ouddane, B. (2015). Occurrence, fate, behavior and ecotoxicological state of phthalates in different environmental matrices. Environmental Science and Technology, 49 (7), 4019-4035.
  • Olsen, L., Lind, L. & Lind, P.M. (2012). Associations between circulating levels of bisphenol A and phthalate metabolites and coronary risk in the elderly. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 80, 179-183.
  • Schecter, A., Lorber, M., Guo, Y., Wu, Q., Yun, S.H., Kannan, K., Hommel, M., Imran, N., Hynan, L.S., Cheng, D., Colacino, J.A. & Birnbaum, L.S. (2013). Phthalate concentrations and dietary exposure from food purchased in NewYork State. Environmental Health Perspective, 121, 473-494.
  • Schettler, T. (2006). Human exposure to phthalates via consumer products. International Journal of Andrology, 181-185.
  • Sioen, I., Fierens, T., Van Holderbeke, M., Geerts, L., Bellemans, M., De Maeyer, M., Servaes, K., Vanerman, G., Boon, P.E. & De Henauw, S. (2012). Phthalates dietary exposure and food sources for Belgian preschool children and adults. Environmental International, 48, 102-108.
  • Sirivithayapakorn, S. & Thuyviang, K. (2010). Dispersion and ecological risk assessment of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) in the surface waters of Thailand. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 84, 503-506.
  • Swan, S.H., Main, K.M., Liu, F., Stewart, S.L., Kruse, R.L., Calafat, A.M. & Teague, J.L. (2005). Decrease in anogenital distance among male infants with prenatal phthalate exposure. Environmental Health Perspectives, 113, 1056-1061.
  • Tsumura, Y., Ishimitsu, S., Nakamura, Y., Yoshii, K., Kaihara, A. & Tonogai, Y. (2001). Contents of eleven phthalates and di(2-ethylhexyl) adipate in retail packed lunches after prohibition of DEHP-containing PVC gloves for cooking purposes. Shokuhin Eiseigaku Zasshi, 42, 128-132.
  • USEPA Phthalates, 2007. TEACH Chemical Summary 2007 Environmental Protection Agency. Washington, DC, Vol. 2015.
  • Wittassek, M., Koch,H.M., Angerer, J.& Bruning, T. (2011). Assessing exposure to phthalates-the human biomonitoring approach. Molecular Nutrition and Food Research, 55,7-31.
  • Yu., Y., Wang, X., Yang, D., Lei, B., Zhang, X. & Zhang, X. (2014). Evaluation of human health risks posed by carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic multiple contaminants associated with consumption of fish from Thai Lake, China. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 69, 86-93.
  • Yuan, S.Y., Liu, C., Liao, C.S. & Chang, B.V. (2002).Occurrence and microbial degradation of phthalate esters in Taiwan river sediments. Chemosphere, 49, 1295-1299.

PHTHALATE ESTERS AND THEIR STATUS IN SEAFOOD CONSUMPTION

Yıl 2017, , 59 - 66, 04.03.2017

Pınar Yerlikaya

https://doi.org/10.3153/JFHS17008

Öz

Many organic and inorganic pollutants and chemical
contaminants, which are increasingly used together with the development of
technology, are threatening both biological system and human health. Phthalates
are man-made compounds which are used for imparting durability and flexibility
to plastic materials. Considering the use of many inland plastic materials such
as food packages, toys, cosmetics, household materials, medical equipment, it
is obvious that human are exposed to high levels of phthalates. Like many
organic pollutants, phthalates are dissolved in oil and transported by water,
air and organic structures. The propagation of phthalate esters from products
to the environment is easy due to not being covalently bonded to plastic
materials. The use of plastics in food contact materials is limited by legal
regulations considering health risks of phthalate esters. Aquaculture is a
reliable indicator of bioaccumulation of persistent toxic compounds and can be
used to determine the exposure level of humans. Studies have shown that fish
products contain phthalate esters in various proportions as in other food
products. It is important to raise consciousness of producers and consumers
about phthalate and phthalate esters which we have been exposed intensively.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Phthalate Phthalate esters DEHP BBP Seafood

Kaynakça

  • Ait Bamai, Y.,Araki, A., Kawai, T., Tsuboi, T., Yoshioka, E., Kanazawa, A., Cong, S. & Kishi, R., (2015). Comparisons of urinary phthalate metabolites and daily phthalate intakes among Japanese families. International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health, 218, 461-470.
  • Ait Bamai, Y.,Araki, A., Kawai, T., Tsuboi, T., Saito, I., Yoshioka, E., Cong, S. & Kishi, R. (2016). Exposure to phthalates in house dust and associated allergies in children aged 6–12 years. Environment International, 96, 16-23.
  • Alves, A., Covaci, A. & Voorspoels, S. (2016). Are nails a valuable non-invasive alternative for estimating human exposure to phthalate esters? Environmental Research, 151, 184-194.
  • Anonim (2008). Gıda Maddeleri ile Temasta Bulunan Plastik Madde ve Malzemeler Tebliğinde Değişiklik Yapılması Hakkında Tebliğ. Tebliğ No: 2008/7.
  • Barron, M.G.,Albro, P.W. & Haytons, W.L. (1995). Biotransformation of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate byrainbow trout. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 14(5), 873-876.
  • Bornehag, C.-G., Sundell, J., Weschler, C.J., Sigsgaard, T., Lundgren, B., Hasselgren, M. & Hägerhed-Engman, L., (2004). The association between asthma and allergic symptoms in children and phthalates in house dust: a nested case-control study. Environmental Health Perspective, 112, 1393-1397.
  • Cariou, R., Larvor, F., Monteau, F., Marchand, P., Bichon, E., Dervilly-Pinel, G., Antignac, J. & Le Bizec, B. (2016). Measurement of phthalates diesters in food using gas chromatography–tandem masss pectrometry. Food Chemistry, 196, 211-219.
  • Cheng, Z., Li, H., Wang, H., Zhu, X., Sthiannopkao, S., Kim, K., Yasin, M.S.M., Hashim., J.H. & Wong, M. (2016). Dietary exposure and human risk assessment of phthalate esters based on total diet study in Cambodia. Environmental Research, 150, 423-430.
  • Duty, S., Calafat, A.M., Silva, M.J., Ryan, L. & Hauser, R. (2003). The relationship between environmental exposures to phthalates and DNA damage in human sperm using the neutral comet assay. Human Reproduction, 20, 604-610.
  • EFSA (2005). Opinion of the Scientific Panel on food additives, flavourings, processing aids and materials in contact with food (AFC) on a request from the Commission related to bis
  • Fierens, T., Vanerman, G., Van Holderbeke, M., De Henauw, S. & Sioen, I. (2012a). Effect of cooking at home on the levels of eight phthalates in foods. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 50, 4428-4435.
  • Fierens, T., Servaes, K., Ven Holderbeke, M., Geerts, L., De Henauw, S., Sioen, I. & Vanermen, G. (2012b). Analysis of phthalates in food products and packaging materials sold on the Belgian market. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 50, 2575-2583.
  • Frederiksen, H.,Skakkebaek, N.E. & Andersson, A.M. (2007). Metabolism of phthalates in humans. Molecular Nutrition and Food Research, 51, 899-911.
  • Fourgous, C., Chevreuil, M, Alliot, F., Amilhat, E., Faliex, E., Paris-Palacios, S., Teil, M.J. & Goutte, A. (2016). Phthalate metabolites in the European eel (Anguilla anguilla) from Mediterranean coastal lagoons. Science of the Total Environment, 569-570, 1053-1059.
  • Guo, Y., Zhang, Z., Liu, L., Li, Y., Ren, N. & Kannan, K. (2012). Occurrence and profiles of phthalates in foodstuffs from China and their implications for human exposure. Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry, 60, 6913-6919.
  • Jeddi, M.Z., Janani, L., Memari, A.H., Akhondzadeh, S. & Yunesian, M. (2016). The role of phthalateesters in autismdevelopment: A systematicreview. Environmental Research, 151, 493-504.
  • Johns, L.E., Cooper, G.S., Galizia, A. & Meeker, J.D. (2015). Exposure assessment issues in epidemiology studies of phthalates. Environmental International, 85, 27-39.
  • Kamrin, M.A. (2009). Phthalate risks, phthalate regulation, and public health: a review. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part B, 12,157-174.
  • Kim, S.H. & Park, M.J. (2014). Phthalate exposure and childhood obesity. Annals of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism, 19, 69-75.
  • Ku, H.Y., Su, P.H.,Wen, H.J., Sun, H.L.,Wang, C.J., Chen, H.Y., Jaakkola, J.J. & Wang, S.L. (2015). Prenatal and postnatal exposure to phthalate esters and asthma, a 9-year follow-up study of a Taiwanese birth cohort. PLoSOne, 10 (4), e0123309.
  • Liu, Y., Chen, Z. & Shen, J. (2013). Occurrence and removal characteristics of phthalate esters from typical water sources in Northeast China. Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry, Article ID 419349.
  • Liu, H., Cui, K., Zeng, F., Chen, L., Cheng, Y., Li, H., Li, S., Zhou, X., Zhu, F., Ouyang, G., Luan, T. & Zeng, Z. (2014). Occurrence and distribution of phthalate esters in riverine sediments from the Pearl River Delta region, South China. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 83 (1), 358–365.
  • Mariana, M., Feiteiro, J., Verde, I. & Cairrao, E. (2016). Theeffects of phthalates in the cardiovascula and reproductive systems: A review. Environment International, 94, 758-776.
  • Munshi, A.B., Karim, N., Shaukat, S., Hashmi, D., Boradman, G.D. & Fliick, G.J. (2013). Toxicity of phthalate esters in fish and shellfish from Virginia Beach using matrix solid phase dispersion (MSPD) and GC-MS. Journal of the Chemical Society Pakistan, 35 (6), 1463-1471.
  • Net, S., Sempéré, R., Delmont, A., Paluselli, A. & Ouddane, B. (2015). Occurrence, fate, behavior and ecotoxicological state of phthalates in different environmental matrices. Environmental Science and Technology, 49 (7), 4019-4035.
  • Olsen, L., Lind, L. & Lind, P.M. (2012). Associations between circulating levels of bisphenol A and phthalate metabolites and coronary risk in the elderly. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 80, 179-183.
  • Schecter, A., Lorber, M., Guo, Y., Wu, Q., Yun, S.H., Kannan, K., Hommel, M., Imran, N., Hynan, L.S., Cheng, D., Colacino, J.A. & Birnbaum, L.S. (2013). Phthalate concentrations and dietary exposure from food purchased in NewYork State. Environmental Health Perspective, 121, 473-494.
  • Schettler, T. (2006). Human exposure to phthalates via consumer products. International Journal of Andrology, 181-185.
  • Sioen, I., Fierens, T., Van Holderbeke, M., Geerts, L., Bellemans, M., De Maeyer, M., Servaes, K., Vanerman, G., Boon, P.E. & De Henauw, S. (2012). Phthalates dietary exposure and food sources for Belgian preschool children and adults. Environmental International, 48, 102-108.
  • Sirivithayapakorn, S. & Thuyviang, K. (2010). Dispersion and ecological risk assessment of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) in the surface waters of Thailand. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 84, 503-506.
  • Swan, S.H., Main, K.M., Liu, F., Stewart, S.L., Kruse, R.L., Calafat, A.M. & Teague, J.L. (2005). Decrease in anogenital distance among male infants with prenatal phthalate exposure. Environmental Health Perspectives, 113, 1056-1061.
  • Tsumura, Y., Ishimitsu, S., Nakamura, Y., Yoshii, K., Kaihara, A. & Tonogai, Y. (2001). Contents of eleven phthalates and di(2-ethylhexyl) adipate in retail packed lunches after prohibition of DEHP-containing PVC gloves for cooking purposes. Shokuhin Eiseigaku Zasshi, 42, 128-132.
  • USEPA Phthalates, 2007. TEACH Chemical Summary 2007 Environmental Protection Agency. Washington, DC, Vol. 2015.
  • Wittassek, M., Koch,H.M., Angerer, J.& Bruning, T. (2011). Assessing exposure to phthalates-the human biomonitoring approach. Molecular Nutrition and Food Research, 55,7-31.
  • Yu., Y., Wang, X., Yang, D., Lei, B., Zhang, X. & Zhang, X. (2014). Evaluation of human health risks posed by carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic multiple contaminants associated with consumption of fish from Thai Lake, China. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 69, 86-93.
  • Yuan, S.Y., Liu, C., Liao, C.S. & Chang, B.V. (2002).Occurrence and microbial degradation of phthalate esters in Taiwan river sediments. Chemosphere, 49, 1295-1299.
Toplam 36 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Konular Gıda Mühendisliği
Bölüm Articles
Yazarlar

Pınar Yerlikaya

Yayımlanma Tarihi 4 Mart 2017
Gönderilme Tarihi 14 Kasım 2016
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2017

Kaynak Göster

APA Yerlikaya, P. (2017). PHTHALATE ESTERS AND THEIR STATUS IN SEAFOOD CONSUMPTION. Food and Health, 3(2), 59-66. https://doi.org/10.3153/JFHS17008

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