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Yıl 2019, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 3, 149 - 159, 01.07.2019

Pınar Kadiroğlu , Figen Korel , Çağatay Ceylan

https://doi.org/10.3153/FH19016

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Akineden, Ö., Hassan, A.A., Schneider, E., Usleber, E. (2008). Enterotoxigenic properties of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from goats' milk cheese. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 124, 211-216.
  • Akineden, Ö., Hassan, A.A., Schneider, E., Usleber, E. (2011). A coagulase-negative variant of Staphylococcus aureus from bovine mastitis milk. Journal of Dairy Research, 78, 38-42.
  • Alarcón, B., Vicedo, B., Aznar, R. (2006). PCR-based procedures for detection and quantification of Staphylococcus aureus and their application in food. The Society of Applied Microbiology, Journal of Applied Microbiology, 100, 352-364.
  • Alian, F., Rahimi, E., Shakerian, A., Momtaz, H., Riahi, M., Momeni, M. (2012). Antimicrobial resistance of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from bovine, sheep and goat raw milk. Global Veterinaria, 8, 111-114.
  • André, C.M.D.P.B., Campos, M.R.H., Borges, L.J., Kipnis, A., Pimenta, F.C., Serafini, A.B. (2008). Comparison of Staphylococcus aureus isolates from food handlers, raw bovine milk and Minas Frescal cheese by antibiogram and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis following SmaI digestion. Food Control, 19, 200-207.
  • Aprodu, I., Walcher, G., Schelin, J., Hein, I., Norling, B., Rådström, P., Nicolau, A., Wagner, M. (2011). Advanced sample preparation for the molecular quantification of Staphylococcus aureus in artificially and naturally contaminated milk. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 145, 61-65.
  • Asfour, H.A.E., Darwish, S. H. (2011). Phenotypic and genotypic detection of both mecA and blaZ genes mediated β-lactam resistance in Staphylococcus strains isolated from bovine mastitis. Global Veterineria, 6, 39-50.
  • Brakstad, O.G, Aasbakk, K., Maeland, J.A. (1992). Detection of Staphylococcus aureus by polymerase chain reaction amplification of the nuc gene. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 30, 1654-1660.
  • Chapaval, L., Moon, D.H., Gomes, J.E., Duarte, F.R., Tsai, S.M. (2008). An alternative method for Staphylococcus aureus DNA isolation. Arquivo Brasileiro Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, 60, 299-306.
  • Chambers H.F. (1997). Methicillin resistance in staphylococci: molecular and biochemical basis and clinical implications. Clinical Microbiology Reviews, 10(4), 781-791.
  • CLSI (Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute). (2006). Performance Standards for Antimicrobial disc susceptibility testing, sixth ed. Pennsylvania, USA, p 188.
  • Comite de’Antibiogramm de la Societe Francaise de Microbiologie Report (2000−2001). (2001). MIC and zone diameter interpretive standards and interpretive reading rules for Staphylococcus spp., Paris.
  • Cremonesi, P., Perez, G., Pisoni, G., Moroni, P., Morandi, S., Luzzana, M., Brasca, M., Castiglioni, B. (2007). Detection of enterotoxigenic Staphylococcus aureus isolates in raw milk cheese. The Society of Applied Microbiology, Letters in Applied Microbiology, 45, 586–591.
  • Ercolini, D., Blaiotta, G., Fusco, V., Coppola, S. (2004). PCR-based detection of enterotoxigenic Staphylococcus aureus in the early stages of raw milk cheese making. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 96, 1090-1096.
  • Ertas, N., Gonulalan, Z., Yildirim, Y., Kum, E. (2010). Detection of Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxins in sheep cheese and dairy desserts by multiplex PCR technique International Journal of Food Microbiology, 142, 74-77.
  • Esan, C.O., Famurewa, O., Lin, J., Shittu, A.O. (2009). Characterization of Staphylococcus aureus isolates obtained from health care institutions in Ekiti and Ondo States, South-Western Nigeria. African Journal of Microbiology Research, 3, 962-968.
  • Forsman, P., Tissala-Timisjärvi, A., Alatossava, T. (1997). Identification of staphylococcal and streptococcal causes of bovine mastitis using 16S–23S rRNA spacer regions. Microbiology, 143, 3491-3500.
  • Franklin, D., Lowy, M.D. (1998). Staphylococcus aureus infections. The New England Journal of Medicine, 339, 520-532.
  • Gandra, E.Á., Silva, J.A., Macedo, M.R.P., Araújo M.R., Mata, M.M., Silva, W.P. (2005). Differentiation between Staphylococcus aureus, S. intermedius and S. hyicus using phenotypical tests and PCR. Alimentos e Nutrição Araraquara, 16, 99-103.
  • Gičová, A., Oriešková, M., Oslanecová, L., Drahovská, H., Kaclíková, E. (2014). Identification and characterization of Cronobacter strains isolated from powdered infant foods. Letters in Applied Microbiology, 58, 242-247.
  • Gomez, C., Pinal, L., Franco, J., Carrillo, J.M., Ramírez, J. (2007). Identification of Staphylococcus aureus strains negative for enterotoxins A, B and C isolated from bovine mastitis in México. Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology, 117, 249-253.
  • Guven, K., Mutlu, M.B., Gülbandılar, A., Cakır, P. (2010). Occurrence and characterization of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from meat and dairy products consumed in Turkey. Journal of Food Safety, 30, 196-212.
  • Hein, I., Lehner, A., Rieck, P., Klein, K., Brandl, E., Wagner, M. (2001). Comparison of different approaches to quantify Staphylococcus aureus cells by real-time quantitative PCR and application of this technique for examination of cheeses. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 67, 3122-3126.
  • Holochová, P., Růžičková, V., Dostálová, L., Pantůček, R., Petráš, P., Doškař, J. (2010). Rapid detection and differentiation of the exfoliative toxin A-producing Staphylococcus aureus strains based on ϕETA prophage polymorphisms. Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease, 66, 248-252.
  • Huong, B.T.M., Mahmud, Z.H., Neogi, S.B., Kassu, A., Nhien, N.V., Mohammad, A., Yamato, M., Ota, F., Dao, N.T.L.H.T.A. and Khan, N.C. (2010). Toxigenicity and genetic diversity of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from Vietnamese ready-to-eat foods. Food Control, 21, 166-171.
  • Kabadjova, P., Dousset, X., Le Cam, V., Prevost, H. (2002). Differentiation of closely related Carnobacterium food isolates based on 16S–23S ribosomal DNA intergenic spacer region polymorphism. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 68, 5358-5366.
  • Kateete, D.P., Kimani, C.N., Katabazi, F.A., Okeng, A., Okee, M.S., Nanteza, A., Joloba, M.L., Najjuka, F.C. (2010). Identification of Staphylococcus aureus: DNase and mannitol salt agar improve the efficiency of the tube coagulase test. Annals of Clinical Microbiology and Antimicrobials, 9, 23-29.
  • Kong, C., Neoh H., Nathan S. (2016). Targeting Staphylococcus aureus toxins: a potential form of anti-virulence therapy. Toxins (Basel), 8(3), 72.
  • Lem, P., Spiegelman, J., Toye, B. and Ramotar K. (2001). Direct detection of mecA, nuc and 16S rRNA genes in BacT/Alert blood culture bottles. Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease, 41, 165-168.
  • Malathi, J., Sowmiya, M., Margarita, S., Madhavan, H.N., Lily Therese, K. (2009). Application of PCR based-RFLP for species identification of ocular isolates of methicillin resistant Staphylococci (MRS). Indian Journal of Medical Research, 130, 78-84.
  • Mehrotra, M., Wang, G., Johnson, W.M. (2000). Multiplex PCR for detection of genes for Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxins, exfoliative toxins, toxic shock syndrome toxin 1, and methicillin resistance. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 38, 1032-1035.
  • Miranda, J.M., Mondragón, A., Vázqueza, B.I., Fentea, C.A., Cepedaa, A., Francoa, C.M. (2009). Microbiological quality and antimicrobial resistance of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus isolated from conventional and organic ‘‘Arzúa-Ulloa’’ cheese. CyTA – Journal of Food. 7, 103-110.
  • Peles, F., Wagner, M., Varga, L., Hein, I., Rieck, P., Gutser, K., Keresztúri, P., Kardos, G., Turcsányi, I., Béri, B., Szabó, A. (2007). Characterization of Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from bovine milk in Hungary. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 118, 186-193.
  • Phuektes, P., Browning, G.F., Anderson, G., Mansel, P.D. (2003). Multiplex polymerase chain reaction as a mastitis screening test for Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae, Streptococcus dysgalactiae, and Streptococcus uberis in bulk milk samples. Journal of Dairy Research, 70, 149-155.
  • Riyaz-Ul-Hassan, S., Verma, V., Qazi, G.N. (2008). Evaluation of three different molecular markers for the detection of Staphylococcus aureus by polymerase chain reaction. Food Microbiology, 25, 452-459.
  • Sperber W.H., Tatini S.R. (1975). Interpretation of the tube coagulase test for identification of Staphylococcus aureus. Applied Microbiology, 29(4), 502-505.
  • Straub, J.A., Hertel, C., Hammes, W.P. (1999). A 23S rRNA targeted polymerase chain reaction-based system for detection of Staphylococcus aureus in meat starter cultures and dairy products. Journal of Food Protection, 62, 1150–1156.
  • Stutz, K., Stephan, R., Tasara, T. (2011). SpA, ClfA, and FnbA Genetic variations lead to staphaurex test-negative phenotypes in bovine mastitis Staphylococcus aureus isolates. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 49, 638-646.
  • Sudagidan, M., Çavuşoğlu, C., Bacakoğlu, F. (2008). Investigation of the virulence genes in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from biomaterial surfaces. Mikrobiyoloji Bülteni, 42, 29-39.
  • Sudagidan, M., Aydin, A. (2010). Virulence properties of methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus food isolates encoding Panton–Valentine Leukocidin gene. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 138, 287-291.
  • Tamura, K., Peterson, D., Peterson, N., Stecher, G., Nei, M., Kumar, S. (2011). MEGA5: Molecular evolutionary genetics analysis using maximum likelihood, evolutionary distance, and maximum parsimony methods. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 28, 2731-2739.
  • Tiwari, H.K., Sapkota, D., Sen, M.R. (2008). Evaluation of different tests for detection of Staphylococcus aureus using coagulase (coa) gene PCR as the gold standard. Nepal Medical College Journal, 10, 129-131.
  • Vandenesch, F., Lebeau, C., Bes, M., Mcdevitt, D., Greenland, T., Novickj, R.P., Etienne, J. (1994). Coagulase deficiency in clinical isolates of Staphyococcus aureus invoIves both transcriptional and post-transcriptional defects. Journal of Medical Microbiology, 40, 344-349.
  • Vasconcelos, N.G., Cunha, M.L.R.S. (2010). Staphylococcal enterotoxins: Molecular aspects and detection methods. Journal of Public Health and Epidemiology, 2, 29-42.
  • Villarreal, M.L.M., Padilha, M., Vieira, A.D.S., Franco, B.D.G.M., Martinez, R.C.R., Saad, S.M.I. (2013). Advantageous direct quantification of viable closely related probiotics in petit-suisse cheeses under in vitro gastrointestinal conditions by propidium monoazide-qPCR. PloS One, 8, 1-11. Yucel, N. Citak, S., Bayhun, S. (2011). Antimicrobial resistance profile of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from clinical samples and foods of animal origin. Foodborne Pathogens and Disease, 8, 427-431.

IDENTIFICATION OF Staphylococcus aureus CHEESE ISOLATES WITH RESPECT TO VIRULENCE PROPERTIES, GENETIC RELATEDNESS AND ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE PROFILES

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 3, 149 - 159, 01.07.2019

Pınar Kadiroğlu , Figen Korel , Çağatay Ceylan

https://doi.org/10.3153/FH19016

Öz

The problems on identification
of Staphylococcus aureus isolates
from cheese samples were investigated by phenotypic and genotypic tests in this
study. Among 207 Staphylococcus spp. isolated from 31 cheese samples, 23
isolates that were Gram positive, catalase and slide coagulase positive, with 1
isolate that was latex agglutination test negative showed different phenotypic
properties. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and quantitative PCR (qPCR)
analyses showed that DNase test and target genes (nuc, coa) regarded as
gold standard regions for S. aureus
were not found to be unique for identification of S. aureus. The toxin genes (SEA-SEE) were not detected by PCR.
Antibiotic resistance profiles of S.
aureus isolates demonstrated that two isolates were resistant to penicillin
G. This study showed that the unique phenotypic and genotypic test was not
adequate for identification of S. aureus
isolates. There was no correlation between the presence of the nuc gene and toxin genes. The presence
of nuc gene which was used for
detection of S. aureus was also found
to be present in other Staphylococcus
isolates. As a conclusion, the results revealed that biochemical tests could
lead to false positive results for identification of S. aureus. The presence of nuc
gene is not correlated with the presence of toxin genes.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Staphylococcus aureus PCR Identification Antibiotic resistance

Kaynakça

  • Akineden, Ö., Hassan, A.A., Schneider, E., Usleber, E. (2008). Enterotoxigenic properties of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from goats' milk cheese. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 124, 211-216.
  • Akineden, Ö., Hassan, A.A., Schneider, E., Usleber, E. (2011). A coagulase-negative variant of Staphylococcus aureus from bovine mastitis milk. Journal of Dairy Research, 78, 38-42.
  • Alarcón, B., Vicedo, B., Aznar, R. (2006). PCR-based procedures for detection and quantification of Staphylococcus aureus and their application in food. The Society of Applied Microbiology, Journal of Applied Microbiology, 100, 352-364.
  • Alian, F., Rahimi, E., Shakerian, A., Momtaz, H., Riahi, M., Momeni, M. (2012). Antimicrobial resistance of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from bovine, sheep and goat raw milk. Global Veterinaria, 8, 111-114.
  • André, C.M.D.P.B., Campos, M.R.H., Borges, L.J., Kipnis, A., Pimenta, F.C., Serafini, A.B. (2008). Comparison of Staphylococcus aureus isolates from food handlers, raw bovine milk and Minas Frescal cheese by antibiogram and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis following SmaI digestion. Food Control, 19, 200-207.
  • Aprodu, I., Walcher, G., Schelin, J., Hein, I., Norling, B., Rådström, P., Nicolau, A., Wagner, M. (2011). Advanced sample preparation for the molecular quantification of Staphylococcus aureus in artificially and naturally contaminated milk. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 145, 61-65.
  • Asfour, H.A.E., Darwish, S. H. (2011). Phenotypic and genotypic detection of both mecA and blaZ genes mediated β-lactam resistance in Staphylococcus strains isolated from bovine mastitis. Global Veterineria, 6, 39-50.
  • Brakstad, O.G, Aasbakk, K., Maeland, J.A. (1992). Detection of Staphylococcus aureus by polymerase chain reaction amplification of the nuc gene. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 30, 1654-1660.
  • Chapaval, L., Moon, D.H., Gomes, J.E., Duarte, F.R., Tsai, S.M. (2008). An alternative method for Staphylococcus aureus DNA isolation. Arquivo Brasileiro Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, 60, 299-306.
  • Chambers H.F. (1997). Methicillin resistance in staphylococci: molecular and biochemical basis and clinical implications. Clinical Microbiology Reviews, 10(4), 781-791.
  • CLSI (Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute). (2006). Performance Standards for Antimicrobial disc susceptibility testing, sixth ed. Pennsylvania, USA, p 188.
  • Comite de’Antibiogramm de la Societe Francaise de Microbiologie Report (2000−2001). (2001). MIC and zone diameter interpretive standards and interpretive reading rules for Staphylococcus spp., Paris.
  • Cremonesi, P., Perez, G., Pisoni, G., Moroni, P., Morandi, S., Luzzana, M., Brasca, M., Castiglioni, B. (2007). Detection of enterotoxigenic Staphylococcus aureus isolates in raw milk cheese. The Society of Applied Microbiology, Letters in Applied Microbiology, 45, 586–591.
  • Ercolini, D., Blaiotta, G., Fusco, V., Coppola, S. (2004). PCR-based detection of enterotoxigenic Staphylococcus aureus in the early stages of raw milk cheese making. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 96, 1090-1096.
  • Ertas, N., Gonulalan, Z., Yildirim, Y., Kum, E. (2010). Detection of Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxins in sheep cheese and dairy desserts by multiplex PCR technique International Journal of Food Microbiology, 142, 74-77.
  • Esan, C.O., Famurewa, O., Lin, J., Shittu, A.O. (2009). Characterization of Staphylococcus aureus isolates obtained from health care institutions in Ekiti and Ondo States, South-Western Nigeria. African Journal of Microbiology Research, 3, 962-968.
  • Forsman, P., Tissala-Timisjärvi, A., Alatossava, T. (1997). Identification of staphylococcal and streptococcal causes of bovine mastitis using 16S–23S rRNA spacer regions. Microbiology, 143, 3491-3500.
  • Franklin, D., Lowy, M.D. (1998). Staphylococcus aureus infections. The New England Journal of Medicine, 339, 520-532.
  • Gandra, E.Á., Silva, J.A., Macedo, M.R.P., Araújo M.R., Mata, M.M., Silva, W.P. (2005). Differentiation between Staphylococcus aureus, S. intermedius and S. hyicus using phenotypical tests and PCR. Alimentos e Nutrição Araraquara, 16, 99-103.
  • Gičová, A., Oriešková, M., Oslanecová, L., Drahovská, H., Kaclíková, E. (2014). Identification and characterization of Cronobacter strains isolated from powdered infant foods. Letters in Applied Microbiology, 58, 242-247.
  • Gomez, C., Pinal, L., Franco, J., Carrillo, J.M., Ramírez, J. (2007). Identification of Staphylococcus aureus strains negative for enterotoxins A, B and C isolated from bovine mastitis in México. Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology, 117, 249-253.
  • Guven, K., Mutlu, M.B., Gülbandılar, A., Cakır, P. (2010). Occurrence and characterization of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from meat and dairy products consumed in Turkey. Journal of Food Safety, 30, 196-212.
  • Hein, I., Lehner, A., Rieck, P., Klein, K., Brandl, E., Wagner, M. (2001). Comparison of different approaches to quantify Staphylococcus aureus cells by real-time quantitative PCR and application of this technique for examination of cheeses. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 67, 3122-3126.
  • Holochová, P., Růžičková, V., Dostálová, L., Pantůček, R., Petráš, P., Doškař, J. (2010). Rapid detection and differentiation of the exfoliative toxin A-producing Staphylococcus aureus strains based on ϕETA prophage polymorphisms. Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease, 66, 248-252.
  • Huong, B.T.M., Mahmud, Z.H., Neogi, S.B., Kassu, A., Nhien, N.V., Mohammad, A., Yamato, M., Ota, F., Dao, N.T.L.H.T.A. and Khan, N.C. (2010). Toxigenicity and genetic diversity of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from Vietnamese ready-to-eat foods. Food Control, 21, 166-171.
  • Kabadjova, P., Dousset, X., Le Cam, V., Prevost, H. (2002). Differentiation of closely related Carnobacterium food isolates based on 16S–23S ribosomal DNA intergenic spacer region polymorphism. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 68, 5358-5366.
  • Kateete, D.P., Kimani, C.N., Katabazi, F.A., Okeng, A., Okee, M.S., Nanteza, A., Joloba, M.L., Najjuka, F.C. (2010). Identification of Staphylococcus aureus: DNase and mannitol salt agar improve the efficiency of the tube coagulase test. Annals of Clinical Microbiology and Antimicrobials, 9, 23-29.
  • Kong, C., Neoh H., Nathan S. (2016). Targeting Staphylococcus aureus toxins: a potential form of anti-virulence therapy. Toxins (Basel), 8(3), 72.
  • Lem, P., Spiegelman, J., Toye, B. and Ramotar K. (2001). Direct detection of mecA, nuc and 16S rRNA genes in BacT/Alert blood culture bottles. Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease, 41, 165-168.
  • Malathi, J., Sowmiya, M., Margarita, S., Madhavan, H.N., Lily Therese, K. (2009). Application of PCR based-RFLP for species identification of ocular isolates of methicillin resistant Staphylococci (MRS). Indian Journal of Medical Research, 130, 78-84.
  • Mehrotra, M., Wang, G., Johnson, W.M. (2000). Multiplex PCR for detection of genes for Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxins, exfoliative toxins, toxic shock syndrome toxin 1, and methicillin resistance. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 38, 1032-1035.
  • Miranda, J.M., Mondragón, A., Vázqueza, B.I., Fentea, C.A., Cepedaa, A., Francoa, C.M. (2009). Microbiological quality and antimicrobial resistance of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus isolated from conventional and organic ‘‘Arzúa-Ulloa’’ cheese. CyTA – Journal of Food. 7, 103-110.
  • Peles, F., Wagner, M., Varga, L., Hein, I., Rieck, P., Gutser, K., Keresztúri, P., Kardos, G., Turcsányi, I., Béri, B., Szabó, A. (2007). Characterization of Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from bovine milk in Hungary. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 118, 186-193.
  • Phuektes, P., Browning, G.F., Anderson, G., Mansel, P.D. (2003). Multiplex polymerase chain reaction as a mastitis screening test for Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae, Streptococcus dysgalactiae, and Streptococcus uberis in bulk milk samples. Journal of Dairy Research, 70, 149-155.
  • Riyaz-Ul-Hassan, S., Verma, V., Qazi, G.N. (2008). Evaluation of three different molecular markers for the detection of Staphylococcus aureus by polymerase chain reaction. Food Microbiology, 25, 452-459.
  • Sperber W.H., Tatini S.R. (1975). Interpretation of the tube coagulase test for identification of Staphylococcus aureus. Applied Microbiology, 29(4), 502-505.
  • Straub, J.A., Hertel, C., Hammes, W.P. (1999). A 23S rRNA targeted polymerase chain reaction-based system for detection of Staphylococcus aureus in meat starter cultures and dairy products. Journal of Food Protection, 62, 1150–1156.
  • Stutz, K., Stephan, R., Tasara, T. (2011). SpA, ClfA, and FnbA Genetic variations lead to staphaurex test-negative phenotypes in bovine mastitis Staphylococcus aureus isolates. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 49, 638-646.
  • Sudagidan, M., Çavuşoğlu, C., Bacakoğlu, F. (2008). Investigation of the virulence genes in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from biomaterial surfaces. Mikrobiyoloji Bülteni, 42, 29-39.
  • Sudagidan, M., Aydin, A. (2010). Virulence properties of methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus food isolates encoding Panton–Valentine Leukocidin gene. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 138, 287-291.
  • Tamura, K., Peterson, D., Peterson, N., Stecher, G., Nei, M., Kumar, S. (2011). MEGA5: Molecular evolutionary genetics analysis using maximum likelihood, evolutionary distance, and maximum parsimony methods. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 28, 2731-2739.
  • Tiwari, H.K., Sapkota, D., Sen, M.R. (2008). Evaluation of different tests for detection of Staphylococcus aureus using coagulase (coa) gene PCR as the gold standard. Nepal Medical College Journal, 10, 129-131.
  • Vandenesch, F., Lebeau, C., Bes, M., Mcdevitt, D., Greenland, T., Novickj, R.P., Etienne, J. (1994). Coagulase deficiency in clinical isolates of Staphyococcus aureus invoIves both transcriptional and post-transcriptional defects. Journal of Medical Microbiology, 40, 344-349.
  • Vasconcelos, N.G., Cunha, M.L.R.S. (2010). Staphylococcal enterotoxins: Molecular aspects and detection methods. Journal of Public Health and Epidemiology, 2, 29-42.
  • Villarreal, M.L.M., Padilha, M., Vieira, A.D.S., Franco, B.D.G.M., Martinez, R.C.R., Saad, S.M.I. (2013). Advantageous direct quantification of viable closely related probiotics in petit-suisse cheeses under in vitro gastrointestinal conditions by propidium monoazide-qPCR. PloS One, 8, 1-11. Yucel, N. Citak, S., Bayhun, S. (2011). Antimicrobial resistance profile of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from clinical samples and foods of animal origin. Foodborne Pathogens and Disease, 8, 427-431.
Toplam 45 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Gıda Mühendisliği
Bölüm Research Articles
Yazarlar

Pınar Kadiroğlu 0000-0002-9730-8655

Figen Korel 0000-0001-8202-6797

Çağatay Ceylan 0000-0001-5254-5983

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Temmuz 2019
Gönderilme Tarihi 12 Ekim 2018
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2019Cilt: 5 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA Kadiroğlu, P., Korel, F., & Ceylan, Ç. (2019). IDENTIFICATION OF Staphylococcus aureus CHEESE ISOLATES WITH RESPECT TO VIRULENCE PROPERTIES, GENETIC RELATEDNESS AND ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE PROFILES. Food and Health, 5(3), 149-159. https://doi.org/10.3153/FH19016
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