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BLACK CUMIN (Nigella sativa) AND ITS ACTIVE COMPONENT OF THYMOQUINONE: EFFECTS ON HEALTH

Yıl 2017, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 4, 170 - 183, 22.09.2017

Merve Şeyda Karaçil Ermumcu , Nevin Şanlıer

https://doi.org/10.3153/JFHS17020

Öz

Nigella sativa has the richest
historical past of plants in the healthcare field. It has been used as a food
preservative and to enhance flavour in many countries of the world for
thousands of years and has also been used as a spice, and Nigella sativa seed and oil has been consumed for the treatment of
many diseases in the world for many years. Today, it is believed to have
antihypertensive, antihyperlipidemic, antidiabetic, anticancer, antioxidant,
antimicrobial, antitumour, antibacterial, anti-inflammtory and immune-system
effects through its components. And therefore Nigella sativa and its effects on health are discussed in this
review.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Nigella sativa Black cumin Thymoquinone Nutrition Health

Kaynakça

  • Abukhader, M. (2012). The effect of route of administration in thymoquinone toxicity in male and female rats. Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 74(3), 195.
  • Ahmad, A., Husain, A., Mujeeb, M., Khan, S. A., Najmi, A.K., Siddique, N. A., . . . Anwar, F. (2013). A review on therapeutic potential of Nigella sativa: A miracle herb. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine, 3(5), 337-352.
  • Ahmad, S., & Beg, Z.H. (2013). Hypolipidemic and antioxidant activities of thymoquinone and limonene in atherogenic suspension fed rats. Food Chemistry,138(2), 1116-1124.
  • Ait Mbarek, L., Ait Mouse, H., Elabbadi, N., Bensalah, M., Gamouh, A., Aboufatima, R., . . . Dalal, A. (2007). Anti-tumor properties of blackseed (Nigella sativa L.) extracts. Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research, 40(6), 839-847.
  • Akash, M., Rehman, K., Rasool, F., Sethi, A., Abrar, M., Irshad, A., . . . Murtaza, G. (2011). Alternate therapy of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with Nigella (Ranunculaceae). Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 5(31), 6885-6889.
  • Al-Naqeep, G., Al-Zubairi, A.S., Ismail, M., Amom, Z.H., & Esa, N.M. (2011). Antiatherogenic potential of Nigella sativa seeds and oil in diet-induced hypercholesterolemia in rabbits. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2011, 1-8.
  • Al‐Mahasneh, M.A., Ababneh, H.A., & Rababah, T. (2008). Some engineering and thermal properties of black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) seeds. International Journal of Food Science & Technology, 43(6), 1047-1052.
  • Ali, B., & Blunden, G. (2003). Pharmacological and toxicological properties of Nigella sativa. Phytotherapy Research, 17(4), 299-305.
  • Badary, O.A., Taha, R.A., Gamal El-Din, A.M., & Abdel-Wahab, M.H. (2003). Thymoquinone is a potent superoxide anion scavenger. Drug and Chemical Toxicology, 26(2), 87-98.
  • Bamosa, A.O. (2015). A review on the hypoglycemic effect of Nigella sativa and thymoquinone. Saudi Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences, 3(1), 2.
  • Bamosa, A.O., Ali, B.A., & al-Hawsawi, Z.A. (2002). The effect of thymoquinone on blood lipids in rats. Indian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology, 46(2), 195-201.
  • Bamosa, A.O., Kaatabi, H., Lebda, F.M., Elq, A.-M.A., & Al-Sultan, A. (2010). Effect of Nigella sativa seeds on the glycemic control of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Indian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology, 54(4), 344-54.
  • Bayram, U.Ö.İ. (2012). Çörek Otunun (Nigella sativa) Kuzularda Besi Performansı, Bazı Kan ve Rumen sıvısı Parametreleri Üzerine Etkisi. Kocatepe Veteriner Dergisi, 5(2), 27-33.
  • Benhaddou-Andaloussi, A., Martineau, L. C., Spoor, D., Vuong, T., Leduc, C., Joly, E., . . . Arnason, J.T. (2008). Antidiabetic activity of Nigella sativa seed extract in cultured pancreatic β-cells, skeletal muscle cells, and adipocytes. Pharmaceutical Biology, 46(1-2), 96-104.
  • Botnick, I., Xue, W., Bar, E., Ibdah, M., Schwartz, A., Joel, D. M., . . . Lewinsohn, E. (2012). Distribution of primary and specialized metabolites in Nigella sativa seeds, a spice with vast traditional and historical uses. Molecules, 17(9), 10159-10177.
  • Bourgou, S., Ksouri, R., Bellila, A., Skandrani, I., Falleh, H., & Marzouk, B. (2008). Phenolic composition and biological activities of Tunisian Nigella sativa L. shoots and roots. Comptes Rendus Biologies, 331(1), 48-55.
  • Bourgou, S., Pichette, A., Marzouk, B., & Legault, J. (2010). Bioactivities of black cumin essential oil and its main terpenes from Tunisia. South African Journal of Botany, 76(2), 210-216.
  • Bourgou, S., Pichette, A., Marzouk, B., & Legault, J. (2012). Antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, anticancer and antibacterial activities of extracts from Nigella sativa (black cumin) plant parts. Journal of Food Biochemistry, 36(5), 539-546.
  • Bulca, S. (2015). Çörek otunun bileşenleri ve bu yağın ve diğer bazı uçucu yağların antioksidan olarak gıda teknolojisinde kullanımı. Journal of Adnan Menderes University, Agricultural Faculty, 11(2), 29-36.
  • Burits, M., & Bucar, F. (2000). Antioxidant activity of Nigella sativa essential oil. Phytotherapy Research, 14(5), 323-328. Chehl, N., Chipitsyna, G., Gong, Q., Yeo, C.J., & Arafat, H.A. (2009). Anti‐inflammatory effects of the Nigella sativa seed extract, thymoquinone, in pancreatic cancer cells. HPB, 11(5), 373-381.
  • Darakhshan, S., Pour, A.B., Colagar, A.H., & Sisakhtnezhad, S. (2015). Thymoquinone and its therapeutic potentials. Pharmacological Research, 95, 138-158.
  • Datau, E., Surachmanto, E., Pandelaki, K., & Langi, J. (2010). Efficacy of Nigella sativa on serum free testosterone and metabolic disturbances in central obese male. Acta Medica Indonesiana, 42(3), 130-134.
  • Dehkordi, F.R., & Kamkhah, A.F. (2008). Antihypertensive effect of Nigella sativa seed extract in patients with mild hypertension. Fundamental & Clinical Pharmacology, 22(4), 447-452.
  • El-Mahmoudy, A., Matsuyama, H., Borgan, M., Shimizu, Y., El-Sayed, M., Minamoto, N., & Takewaki, T. (2002). Thymoquinone suppresses expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase in rat macrophages. International Immunopharmacology, 2(11), 1603-1611.
  • El‐Mahdy, M.A., Zhu, Q., Wang, Q.E., Wani, G., & Wani, A.A. (2005). Thymoquinone induces apoptosis through activation of caspase‐8 and mitochondrial events in p53‐null myeloblastic leukemia HL‐60 cells. International Journal of Cancer, 117(3), 409-417.
  • Entok, E., Ustuner, M.C., Ozbayer, C., Tekin, N., Akyuz, F., Yangi, B., . . . Gunes, H. V. (2014). Anti-inflammatuar and anti-oxidative effects of Nigella sativa L.: 18FDG-PET imaging of inflammation. Molecular Biology Reports, 41(5), 2827-2834.
  • Fallah Huseini, H., Amini, M., Mohtashami, R., Ghamarchehre, M., Sadeqhi, Z., Kianbakht, S., & Fallah Huseini, A. (2013). Blood Pressure Lowering Effect of Nigella sativa L. Seed Oil in Healthy Volunteers: A Randomized, Double‐Blind, Placebo‐controlled Clinical Trial. Phytotherapy Research, 27(12), 1849-1853.
  • Farah, I.O., & Begum, R.A. (2002). Effect of Nigella sativa (N. sativa L.) and oxidative stress on the survival pattern of MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Biomedical Sciences Instrumentation, 39, 359-364.
  • Fararh, K.M., Ibrahim, A.K., & Elsonosy, Y.A. (2010). Thymoquinone enhances the activities of enzymes related to energy metabolism in peripheral leukocytes of diabetic rats. Research in Veterinary Science, 88(3), 400-404.
  • Forouzanfar, F., Bazzaz, B. S.F., & Hosseinzadeh, H. (2014). Black cumin (Nigella sativa) and its constituent (thymoquinone): A review on antimicrobial effects. Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences, 17(12), 929.
  • Güllü, E.B., & Gülcan, A. (2013). Timokinon: Nigella sativa’ nın Biyoaktif Komponenti. Kocatepe Veterinary Journal, 6(1), 51-61.
  • Hasani-Ranjbar, S., Jouyandeh, Z., & Abdollahi, M. (2013). A systematic review of anti-obesity medicinal plants-an update. Journal of Diabetes & Metabolic Disorders, 12(1), 28.
  • Heshmati, J., & Namazi, N. (2015). Effects of black seed (Nigella sativa) on metabolic parameters in diabetes mellitus: A systematic review. Complementary Therapies in Medicine, 23(2), 275-282.
  • Heshmati, J., Namazi, N., Memarzadeh, M.-R., Taghizadeh, M., & Kolahdooz, F. (2015). Nigella sativa oil affects glucose metabolism and lipid concentrations in patients with type 2 diabetes: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Food Research International, 70, 87-93.
  • Hosseinzadeh, H., & Parvardeh, S. (2004). Anticonvulsant effects of thymoquinone, the major constituent of Nigella sativa seeds, in mice. Phytomedicine, 11(1), 56-64.
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  • Kaatabi, H., Bamosa, A.O., Lebda, F.M., Al Elq, A.H., & Al-Sultan, A.I. (2012). Favorable impact of Nigella sativa seeds on lipid profile in type 2 diabetic patients. Journal of Family and Community Medicine, 19(3), 155.
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Yıl 2017, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 4, 170 - 183, 22.09.2017

Merve Şeyda Karaçil Ermumcu , Nevin Şanlıer

https://doi.org/10.3153/JFHS17020

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Abukhader, M. (2012). The effect of route of administration in thymoquinone toxicity in male and female rats. Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 74(3), 195.
  • Ahmad, A., Husain, A., Mujeeb, M., Khan, S. A., Najmi, A.K., Siddique, N. A., . . . Anwar, F. (2013). A review on therapeutic potential of Nigella sativa: A miracle herb. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine, 3(5), 337-352.
  • Ahmad, S., & Beg, Z.H. (2013). Hypolipidemic and antioxidant activities of thymoquinone and limonene in atherogenic suspension fed rats. Food Chemistry,138(2), 1116-1124.
  • Ait Mbarek, L., Ait Mouse, H., Elabbadi, N., Bensalah, M., Gamouh, A., Aboufatima, R., . . . Dalal, A. (2007). Anti-tumor properties of blackseed (Nigella sativa L.) extracts. Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research, 40(6), 839-847.
  • Akash, M., Rehman, K., Rasool, F., Sethi, A., Abrar, M., Irshad, A., . . . Murtaza, G. (2011). Alternate therapy of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with Nigella (Ranunculaceae). Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 5(31), 6885-6889.
  • Al-Naqeep, G., Al-Zubairi, A.S., Ismail, M., Amom, Z.H., & Esa, N.M. (2011). Antiatherogenic potential of Nigella sativa seeds and oil in diet-induced hypercholesterolemia in rabbits. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2011, 1-8.
  • Al‐Mahasneh, M.A., Ababneh, H.A., & Rababah, T. (2008). Some engineering and thermal properties of black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) seeds. International Journal of Food Science & Technology, 43(6), 1047-1052.
  • Ali, B., & Blunden, G. (2003). Pharmacological and toxicological properties of Nigella sativa. Phytotherapy Research, 17(4), 299-305.
  • Badary, O.A., Taha, R.A., Gamal El-Din, A.M., & Abdel-Wahab, M.H. (2003). Thymoquinone is a potent superoxide anion scavenger. Drug and Chemical Toxicology, 26(2), 87-98.
  • Bamosa, A.O. (2015). A review on the hypoglycemic effect of Nigella sativa and thymoquinone. Saudi Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences, 3(1), 2.
  • Bamosa, A.O., Ali, B.A., & al-Hawsawi, Z.A. (2002). The effect of thymoquinone on blood lipids in rats. Indian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology, 46(2), 195-201.
  • Bamosa, A.O., Kaatabi, H., Lebda, F.M., Elq, A.-M.A., & Al-Sultan, A. (2010). Effect of Nigella sativa seeds on the glycemic control of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Indian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology, 54(4), 344-54.
  • Bayram, U.Ö.İ. (2012). Çörek Otunun (Nigella sativa) Kuzularda Besi Performansı, Bazı Kan ve Rumen sıvısı Parametreleri Üzerine Etkisi. Kocatepe Veteriner Dergisi, 5(2), 27-33.
  • Benhaddou-Andaloussi, A., Martineau, L. C., Spoor, D., Vuong, T., Leduc, C., Joly, E., . . . Arnason, J.T. (2008). Antidiabetic activity of Nigella sativa seed extract in cultured pancreatic β-cells, skeletal muscle cells, and adipocytes. Pharmaceutical Biology, 46(1-2), 96-104.
  • Botnick, I., Xue, W., Bar, E., Ibdah, M., Schwartz, A., Joel, D. M., . . . Lewinsohn, E. (2012). Distribution of primary and specialized metabolites in Nigella sativa seeds, a spice with vast traditional and historical uses. Molecules, 17(9), 10159-10177.
  • Bourgou, S., Ksouri, R., Bellila, A., Skandrani, I., Falleh, H., & Marzouk, B. (2008). Phenolic composition and biological activities of Tunisian Nigella sativa L. shoots and roots. Comptes Rendus Biologies, 331(1), 48-55.
  • Bourgou, S., Pichette, A., Marzouk, B., & Legault, J. (2010). Bioactivities of black cumin essential oil and its main terpenes from Tunisia. South African Journal of Botany, 76(2), 210-216.
  • Bourgou, S., Pichette, A., Marzouk, B., & Legault, J. (2012). Antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, anticancer and antibacterial activities of extracts from Nigella sativa (black cumin) plant parts. Journal of Food Biochemistry, 36(5), 539-546.
  • Bulca, S. (2015). Çörek otunun bileşenleri ve bu yağın ve diğer bazı uçucu yağların antioksidan olarak gıda teknolojisinde kullanımı. Journal of Adnan Menderes University, Agricultural Faculty, 11(2), 29-36.
  • Burits, M., & Bucar, F. (2000). Antioxidant activity of Nigella sativa essential oil. Phytotherapy Research, 14(5), 323-328. Chehl, N., Chipitsyna, G., Gong, Q., Yeo, C.J., & Arafat, H.A. (2009). Anti‐inflammatory effects of the Nigella sativa seed extract, thymoquinone, in pancreatic cancer cells. HPB, 11(5), 373-381.
  • Darakhshan, S., Pour, A.B., Colagar, A.H., & Sisakhtnezhad, S. (2015). Thymoquinone and its therapeutic potentials. Pharmacological Research, 95, 138-158.
  • Datau, E., Surachmanto, E., Pandelaki, K., & Langi, J. (2010). Efficacy of Nigella sativa on serum free testosterone and metabolic disturbances in central obese male. Acta Medica Indonesiana, 42(3), 130-134.
  • Dehkordi, F.R., & Kamkhah, A.F. (2008). Antihypertensive effect of Nigella sativa seed extract in patients with mild hypertension. Fundamental & Clinical Pharmacology, 22(4), 447-452.
  • El-Mahmoudy, A., Matsuyama, H., Borgan, M., Shimizu, Y., El-Sayed, M., Minamoto, N., & Takewaki, T. (2002). Thymoquinone suppresses expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase in rat macrophages. International Immunopharmacology, 2(11), 1603-1611.
  • El‐Mahdy, M.A., Zhu, Q., Wang, Q.E., Wani, G., & Wani, A.A. (2005). Thymoquinone induces apoptosis through activation of caspase‐8 and mitochondrial events in p53‐null myeloblastic leukemia HL‐60 cells. International Journal of Cancer, 117(3), 409-417.
  • Entok, E., Ustuner, M.C., Ozbayer, C., Tekin, N., Akyuz, F., Yangi, B., . . . Gunes, H. V. (2014). Anti-inflammatuar and anti-oxidative effects of Nigella sativa L.: 18FDG-PET imaging of inflammation. Molecular Biology Reports, 41(5), 2827-2834.
  • Fallah Huseini, H., Amini, M., Mohtashami, R., Ghamarchehre, M., Sadeqhi, Z., Kianbakht, S., & Fallah Huseini, A. (2013). Blood Pressure Lowering Effect of Nigella sativa L. Seed Oil in Healthy Volunteers: A Randomized, Double‐Blind, Placebo‐controlled Clinical Trial. Phytotherapy Research, 27(12), 1849-1853.
  • Farah, I.O., & Begum, R.A. (2002). Effect of Nigella sativa (N. sativa L.) and oxidative stress on the survival pattern of MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Biomedical Sciences Instrumentation, 39, 359-364.
  • Fararh, K.M., Ibrahim, A.K., & Elsonosy, Y.A. (2010). Thymoquinone enhances the activities of enzymes related to energy metabolism in peripheral leukocytes of diabetic rats. Research in Veterinary Science, 88(3), 400-404.
  • Forouzanfar, F., Bazzaz, B. S.F., & Hosseinzadeh, H. (2014). Black cumin (Nigella sativa) and its constituent (thymoquinone): A review on antimicrobial effects. Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences, 17(12), 929.
  • Güllü, E.B., & Gülcan, A. (2013). Timokinon: Nigella sativa’ nın Biyoaktif Komponenti. Kocatepe Veterinary Journal, 6(1), 51-61.
  • Hasani-Ranjbar, S., Jouyandeh, Z., & Abdollahi, M. (2013). A systematic review of anti-obesity medicinal plants-an update. Journal of Diabetes & Metabolic Disorders, 12(1), 28.
  • Heshmati, J., & Namazi, N. (2015). Effects of black seed (Nigella sativa) on metabolic parameters in diabetes mellitus: A systematic review. Complementary Therapies in Medicine, 23(2), 275-282.
  • Heshmati, J., Namazi, N., Memarzadeh, M.-R., Taghizadeh, M., & Kolahdooz, F. (2015). Nigella sativa oil affects glucose metabolism and lipid concentrations in patients with type 2 diabetes: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Food Research International, 70, 87-93.
  • Hosseinzadeh, H., & Parvardeh, S. (2004). Anticonvulsant effects of thymoquinone, the major constituent of Nigella sativa seeds, in mice. Phytomedicine, 11(1), 56-64.
  • Houcher, Z., Boudiaf, K., Benboubetra, M., & Houcher, B. (2007). Effects of methanolic extract and commercial oil of Nigella sativa L. on blood glucose and antioxidant capacity in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Pteridines, 18(1), 8-18.
  • Ibrahim, R.M., Hamdan, N.S., Ismail, M., Saini, S.M., Rashid, S.A., Latiff, L.A., & Mahmud, R. (2014). Protective effects of Nigella sativa on metabolic syndrome in menopausal women. Advanced Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 4(1), 29-33.
  • Ilaiyaraja, N., & Khanum, F. (2010). Nigella sativa L: a review of therapeutic applications. Journal of Herbal Medicine and Toxicology, 4(2), 1-8.
  • Kaatabi, H., Bamosa, A. O., Badar, A., Al-Elq, A., Abou-Hozaifa, B., Lebda, F., . . . Al-Almaie, S. (2015). Nigella sativa improves glycemic control and ameliorates oxidative stress in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: Placebo controlled participant blinded clinical trial. PloSone, 10(2), e0113486.
  • Kaatabi, H., Bamosa, A.O., Lebda, F.M., Al Elq, A.H., & Al-Sultan, A.I. (2012). Favorable impact of Nigella sativa seeds on lipid profile in type 2 diabetic patients. Journal of Family and Community Medicine, 19(3), 155.
  • Kaya, M.S., Kara, M., & Özbek, H. (2003). Çörek otu (Nigella sativa) tohumunun insan hücresel bağışıklık sisteminin CD3+, CD4+, CD8+ hücreleri ve toplam lökosit sayısı üzerine etkileri. Genel Tıp Dergisi, 13, 109-112.
  • Keyhanmanesh, R., Gholamnezhad, Z., & Boskabady, M.H. (2014). The relaxant effect of Nigella sativa on smooth muscles, its possible mechanisms and clinical applications. Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences, 17(12), 939.
  • Khader, M., Bresgen, N., & Eckl, P. (2010). Antimutagenic effects of ethanolic extracts from selected Palestinian medicinal plants. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 127(2), 319-324.
  • Kocyigit, Y., Atamer, Y., & Uysal, E. (2009). The effect of dietary supplementation of Nigella sativa L. on serum lipid profile in rats. Saudi Medical Journal, 30(7), 893-896.
  • Latiff, L.A., Parhizkar, S., Dollah, M.A., & Hassan, S.T.S. (2014). Alternative supplement for enhancement of reproductive health and metabolic profile among perimenopausal women: a novel role of Nigella sativa. Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences, 17(12), 980.
  • Le, P., Benhaddou-Andaloussi, A., Elimadi, A., Settaf, A., Cherrah, Y., & Haddad, P. (2004). The petroleum ether extracts of Nigella sativa seeds exert insulin sensitizing and lipid lowering action in rats. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 94(2-3), 251-259.
  • Leong, X.-F., Rais Mustafa, M., & Jaarin, K. (2013). Nigella sativa and its protective role in oxidative stress and hypertension. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2013, 1-9.
  • Lord, C., Sekerovic, Z., & Carrier, J. (2014). Sleep regulation and sex hormones exposure in men and women across adulthood. Pathologie Biologie, 62(5), 302-310.
  • Mahdavi, R., Namazi, N., Alizadeh, M., & Farajnia, S. (2015). Effects of Nigella sativa oil with a low-calorie diet on cardiometabolic risk factors in obese women: a randomized controlled clinical trial. Food & function, 6(6), 2041-2048.
  • Mani, P., & Rohatgi, A. (2015). Niacin therapy, HDL cholesterol, and cardiovascular disease: is the HDL hypothesis defunct? Current Atherosclerosis Reports, 17(8), 1-9.
  • Nader, M.A., El-Agamy, D.S., & Suddek, G.M. (2010). Protective effects of propolis and thymoquinone on development of atherosclerosis in cholesterol-fed rabbits. Archives of Pharmacal Research (Seoul), 33(4), 637.
  • Najmi, A., Haque, S., Naseeruddin, M., & Khan, R. (2008). Effect of Nigella sativa oil on various clinical and biochemical parameters of metabolic syndrome. Int J Diabetes Dev Ctries, 16, 85-87.
  • Omran, O. M. (2014). Effects of thymoquinone on STZ-induced diabetic nephropathy: an immunohistochemical study. Ultrastructural Pathology, 38(1), 26-33.
  • Paarakh, P.M. (2010). Nigella sativa Linn. A Comprehensive Review. 1(4), 409-429.
  • Qidwai, W., Hamza, H.B., Qureshi, R., & Gilani, A. (2009). Effectiveness, safety, and tolerability of powdered Nigella sativa (kalonji) seed in capsules on serum lipid levels, blood sugar, blood pressure, and body weight in adults: results of a randomized, double-blind controlled trial. The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, 15(6), 639-644.
  • Ragheb, A., Elbarbry, F., Prasad, K., Mohamed, A., Ahmed, M.S., & Shoker, A. (2008). Attenuation of the development of hypercholesterolemic atherosclerosis by thymoquinone. International Journal of Angiology, 17(04), 186-192.
  • Ramadan, M.F., & Moersel, J.-T. (2004). Antiradical performance of some common and nontraditional vegetable oils. Inform, 15, 553-555.
  • Randhawa, M.A., & Alghamdi, M.S. (2011). Anticancer activity of Nigella sativa (black seed)—a review. The American Journal of Chinese Medicine, 39(06), 1075-1091.
  • Razavi, B., & Hosseinzadeh, H. (2014). A review of the effects of Nigella sativa L. and its constituent, thymoquinone, in metabolic syndrome. Journal of Endocrinological Investigation, 37(11), 1031-1040.
  • Rooney, S., & Ryan, M. (2005). Modes of action of alpha-hederin and thymoquinone, active constituents of Nigella sativa, against HEp-2 cancer cells. Anticancer Research, 25(6B), 4255-4259.
  • Salama, R. H. (2010). Clinical and Therapeutic Trials of Nigella sativa. TAF Preventive Medicine Bulletin, 9(5), 513-522. Salem, M. L. (2005). Immunomodulatory and therapeutic properties of the Nigella sativa L. seed. International immunopharmacology, 5(13), 1749-1770.
  • Shafiq, H., Ahmad, A., Masud, T., & Kaleem, M. (2014). Cardio-protective and anti-cancer therapeutic potential of Nigella sativa. Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences, 17(12), 967.
  • Shahzad, F., & Nasiruddin, M. (2011). Indigenous herbal product Nigella sativa proved effective as an anti-obesity therapy in metabolic syndrome. International Journal of Medicobiological Research, 1(3), 173-176.
  • Shoieb, A.M., Elgayyar, M., Dudrick, P.S., Bell, J.L., & Tithof, P.K. (2003). In vitro inhibition of growth and induction of apoptosis in cancer cell lines by thymoquinone. International Journal of Oncology, 22(1), 107-114.
  • Singh, S., Das, S., Singh, G., Schuff, C., de Lampasona, M.P., & Catalán, C.A. (2014). Composition, in vitro antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of essential oil and oleoresins obtained from black cumin seeds (Nigella sativa L.). BioMed research international, 2014.
  • American Cancer Society (2015). Cancer Facts & Figures 2014 http://www.cancer.org/research/cancerfactsstatistics/cancerfactsfigures2014/ (available June, 2016).
  • Sultan, M.T., Butt, M. S., Anjum, F.M., Jamil, A., Akhtar, S., & Nasir, M. (2009). Nutritional profile of indigenous cultivar of black cumin seeds and antioxidant potential of its fixed and essential oil. Pakistan Journal of Botany, 41(3), 1321-1330.
  • Tembhurne, S., Feroz, S., More, B., & Sakarkar, D. (2014). A review on therapeutic potential of Nigella sativa (kalonji) seeds. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 8(3), 167-177.
  • Tüfek, N.H., Altunkaynak, M.E., Altunkaynak, B.Z., & Kaplan, S. (2015). Effects of thymoquinone on testicular structure and sperm production in male obese rats. Systems Biology in reproductive Medicine, 61(4), 194-204. Türkoğlu, S., Bulmuş, F. G., Parmaksiz, A., Özkan, Y., & Gürsu, F. (2008). Metabolik sendromlu hastalarda paraoksonaz 1 ve arilesteraz aktivite düzeyleri. Fırat Tıp Dergisi, 13(2), 110-115.
  • Vanamala, J., Kester, A. C., Heuberger, A. L., & Reddivari, L. (2012). Mitigation of obesity-promoted diseases by Nigella sativa and thymoquinone. Plant Foods for Human Nutrition, 67(2), 111-119.
  • WHO. (2015). Cancer. http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs297/en/ (available June, 2016).
  • Yakup, K. (2007). Samsun yöresinde ve misir ülkesinde yetiştirilen çörekotu (Nigella sativa L.) Tohumlarinin antioksidan aktivite yönünden incelenmesi. Süleyman demirel Üniversitesi Fen Dergisi, 2(2). 197-203.
  • Yi, T., Cho, S.-G., Yi, Z., Pang, X., Rodriguez, M., Wang, Y., . . . Liu, M. (2008). Thymoquinone inhibits tumor angiogenesis and tumor growth through suppressing AKT and extracellular signal-regulated kinase signaling pathways. Molecular Cancer Therapeutics, 7(7), 1789-1796.
  • Yüncü, M., Şahin, M., Bayat, N., & İbrahim, S. (2013). Çörek otu yağının sıçan karaciğer gelişimine etkisi. Gaziantep Medical Journal, 19(3), 180-184.
Toplam 74 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Konular Klinik Tıp Bilimleri
Bölüm Articles
Yazarlar

Merve Şeyda Karaçil Ermumcu 0000-0002-2023-8433

Nevin Şanlıer 0000-0001-5937-0485

Yayımlanma Tarihi 22 Eylül 2017
Gönderilme Tarihi 18 Nisan 2017
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2017Cilt: 3 Sayı: 4

Kaynak Göster

APA Karaçil Ermumcu, M. Ş., & Şanlıer, N. (2017). BLACK CUMIN (Nigella sativa) AND ITS ACTIVE COMPONENT OF THYMOQUINONE: EFFECTS ON HEALTH. Food and Health, 3(4), 170-183. https://doi.org/10.3153/JFHS17020
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