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Violence Against Women on Social Media and the Roles of Health Professionals

Year 2023, Volume: 4 Issue: 2, 195 - 212, 13.10.2023

Şule Ergöl Aylin Güneş

https://doi.org/10.59007/meyadakademi.1317248

Abstract

Social media is an internet-based form of communication. Social media platforms allow users to chat, share information and create web content. Social media use is increasing rapidly all over the world. Social media has positive and negative impacts on society. Unauthorized access, messages from unknown phone numbers aiming to click on links, stalking, online violence such as dating and domestic violence, rape are crimes frequently committed against women on social media. It is seen that gender-based violence committed against women through social media reflects real life and there is a link between the virtual environment and the real environment in terms of perpetuating the crime. All forms of violence against women have serious health consequences. The World Health Organization outlines the roles that the health sector can play in preventing and responding to violence against women. The aim of this study is to draw attention to the increasingly widespread online violence against women and the roles that health professionals can play in addressing this type of violence.

Keywords

Women violence crime social media health

References

  • 1. University of South Florida- UCM: Introduction to social media [homepage on the Internet] Tampa: UCM: c2013 [cited 2022 November 30]. Available from: https://www.usf.edu/ucm/marketing/intro-social-media.aspx
  • 2. Dixon S: Global social networks ranked by number of users 2022 [homepage on the Internet] NewYork: Statista Inc: c2022 [cited 2022 November 30]. Available from: https://www.statista.com/statistics/272014/global-social-networks-ranked-by-number-of-users/
  • 3. Global social media statics 2022 [homepage on the Internet] Datareportal: c2023 [cited 2023 August 12]. Available from: https://datareportal.com/social-media-users
  • 4. Geyser W: Social Media Marketing Benchmark Report 2022 [homepage on the Internet] Copenhagen: Influencer MarketingHub: c2022 [cited 2022 November 30]. Available from: https://influencermarketinghub.com/social-media-marketing-benchmark-report/#toc-6
  • 5. Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu-TUİK: Hanehalkı Bilişim Teknolojileri (BT) Kullanım Araştırması 2021[homepage on the Internet] Ankara: TUİK: c2021 [cited 2022 November 30]. Available from: https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Hanehalki-Bilisim-Teknolojileri-(BT)-Kullanim-Arastirmasi-2021-37437
  • 6. Statisca.com: Gender distribution of social media audiences worldwide as of January 2022, by platform [homepage on the Internet] NewYork: Statista Inc: c2022 [cited 2022 November 30]. Available from: https://www.statista.com/statistics/274828/gender-distribution-of-active-social-media-users-worldwide-by-platform/#:~:text=Gender%20distribution%20of%20social%20media%20audiences%20worldwide%202022%2C%20by%20platform&text=As%20of%20January%202022%2C%20Facebook's,43.4%20percent%20of%20the%20total.
  • 7. Akram W, Kumar R. A study on positive and negative effects of social media on society. Int J of Computer Sciences and Engineering. 2017;5(10): 351-354.
  • 8. Güllü İ. Suç olgusuna teorik ve eleştirel bir yaklaşım. KMUSEKAD. 2014; 3:104-107.
  • 9. Altunok E, Vural AF. Bilişim suçları. Denetişim. 2011; 8: 78-84.
  • 10. Kaur EN. Introduction of cyber crime and its type. IRJCS. 2018;8(5):435-439.
  • 11. Yalçın N, Gürbüz F. Sosyal ağlarda işlenen suçlar, Facebook sosyal ağı örneği. Akademik Bilişim; 2015 31 Ocak- 06 Şubat; Eskişehir, Türkiye. Available from: https://ab.org.tr/ab15/bildiri/203.docx
  • 12. Vogels EA. The state of online Harrassment. [homepage on the Internet] Pewresearch: c2021 [cited 2023 August 12]. Available from: The State of Online Harassment | Pew Research Center
  • 13. Malwarebytes.com: Demographics of cybercrime report. [homepage on the Internet] Santa Clara: Malwarebytes: c2021 [cited 2022 November 30]. Available from: https://www.malwarebytes.com/resources/2021-demographics-of-cybercrime-report/index.html
  • 14. Şener G, Abınık N. Türkiye’de dijital şiddet araştırması. Toplumsal Bilgi ve İletişim Derneği. 2021 8 Eylül. s. 36. Available from: https://dspace.ceid.org.tr/xmlui/bitstream/handle/1/1836/digital_violence_report.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
  • 15. UN General Assembly. Declaration on the elimination of violence against women, c1993, A/RES/48/104, [cited 2023 August 11]. Available from: https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/179739
  • 16. Akkaş İ, Uyanık Z. Kadına yönelik şiddet. Nevşehir Hacı Bektaş Veli Üniversitesi SBE Dergisi. 2016;6(1):32-42. Available from https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/nevsosbilen/issue/19741/211291
  • 17. Subaşı N, Akın A. Kadına yönelik şiddet; nedenleri ve sonuçları. In: Akın A, Ed., Toplumsal Cinsiyet, Sağlık ve Kadın. Ankara: Hacettepe Üniversitesi Yayınları, 2003; p.203.
  • 18. Hearn, Jeff, et al. "The Spread of Digital Intimate Partner Violence: Ethical Challenges for Business, Workplaces, Employers and Management." Journal of Business Ethics (2023): 1-17.
  • 19. Harris BA. Technology and violence against women. In: Walklate S, Fitz-Gibbon K, Maher J. and McCulloch J. (Eds.) The Emerald Handbook of Feminism, Criminology and Social Change (Emerald Studies in Criminology, Feminism and Social Change), Emerald Publishing Limited, Bingley, pp. 317-336. https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-78769-955-720201026
  • 20. Sarışın M. Toplumsal cinsiyete dayalı şiddetin yeni yüzü: Dijital şiddet. KADEM Kadın Araştırmaları Dergisi. 2022; 8 (2): 257-285.
  • 21. UN women. Frequently asked questions: Tech-facilitated gender-based violence. [homepage on the Internet] UN women: No date [cited 2023 August 12]. Available from: https://www.unwomen.org/en/what-we-do/ending-violence-against-women/faqs/tech-facilitated-gender-based-violence#:~:text=Technology%2Dfacilitated%20gender%2Dbased%20violence,or%20economic%20harm%20or%20other
  • 22. Woodlock D, McKenzie M, Western D, Harris B. Technology as a weapon in domestic violence: Responding to digital coercive control, Australian Social Work. 2020; 73(3): 368-380.
  • 23. Baum K, Catalano S, Rand M, Rose K. Bureau of Justice Statistics Special Report: National Crime Victimization Survey, Stalking victimization in the United States. 2009 January. p.16. Report No: NCJ224527 Available from: https://www.justice.gov/sites/default/files/ovw/legacy/2012/08/15/bjs-stalking-rpt.pdf
  • 24. Posetti J, Aboulez N, Bontcheva K, Harrison J, Waisbord S. Online violence against women journalists: a global snapshot of incidence and impacts. [homepage on the Internet] UNESCO: 2020 [cited 2023 August 13]. Available from: https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000375136
  • 25. Doğan BÖ, Ertürk YD, Aslan P. Facebook kullanıcısı kız çocuklarına yönelen zorbalık odaklı siber tacizin cinsel tacize dönüşümü: Gazete haberleri üzerinden betimsel bir değerlendirme. Etkileşim.2018; 2 :36-55.
  • 26. Henry N, Flynn A, Powell A. Technology-facilitated domestic and sexual violence: A review. Violence Against Women. 2020; 26(15–16):1828–1854.
  • 27. Marganski A, Melander L. Intimate partner violence victimization in the cyber and real world: Examining the extent of cyber aggression experiences and its association with in-person dating violence. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 2018 ;33: 1071-1095.
  • 28. Fialova K, Fascendini F. Voices from digital spaces: Technology related violence against women. South Africa: APC WNSP:2011. Report No: APC-201111-WNSP-R-EN-PDF-123. Available from: https://www.apc.org/sites/default/files/APCWNSP_MDG3advocacypaper_full_2011_EN_0.pdf
  • 29. Gonzalez M. Nonconsensual porn: A common offense. [homepage on the Internet]. Florida: CCRI: c2017. [cited 2022 November 30]. Available from: https://cybercivilrights.org/2017-natl-ncp-research-results/
  • 30. Seçgin L, Selçuk KT. Sanal ağların distopyası: Kadına yönelik dijital şiddet. Dünya İnsan Bilimleri Dergisi. 2023;1: 203-217.
  • 31. Dreßing H, Bailer J, Anders A, Wagner H, Gallas C. Cyberstalking in a large sample of social network users: prevalence, characteristics, and impact upon victims. Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw. 2014 Feb;17(2):61-7.
  • 32. Lawn RB, Koenen KC. Violence against women and girls has long term health consequences. BMJ. 2021 Dec 30;375: e069311.
  • 33. Backe EL, Lilleston P, McCleary-Sills J. Networked individuals, gendered violence: A literature review of cyberviolence. Violence and Gender. Sep 2018.135-146.
  • 34. World Health Organization: Violence against women [homepage on the Internet]. Geneva: WHO:2021 [cited 2022 November 30]. Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/violence-against-women
  • 35. TC. Aile ve Sosyal Hizmetler Bakanlığı: Kadına yönelik şiddetle mücadele IV. Ulusal eylem planı 2021-2025. [homepage on the Internet]. Ankara: KSGM:2021 [cited 2023 August 14]. Available from: https://www.aile.gov.tr/ksgm/ulusal-eylem-planlari/kadina-yonelik-siddetle-mucadele-iv-ulusal-eylem-plani-2021-2025/

Sosyal Medyada Kadına Karşı İşlenen Suç: Şiddet

Year 2023, Volume: 4 Issue: 2, 195 - 212, 13.10.2023

Şule Ergöl Aylin Güneş

https://doi.org/10.59007/meyadakademi.1317248

Abstract

Sosyal medya, internet tabanlı bir iletişim biçimidir. Sosyal medya platformları, kullanıcıların sohbet etmesine, bilgi paylaşmasına ve web içeriği oluşturmasına olanak tanır. Sosyal medya kullanımı tüm dünyada hızla artmaktadır. Sosyal medyanın toplum üzerine olumlu ve olumsuz etkileri bulunmaktadır. Sosyal medyanın olumsuz etkileri kişisel gizliliğin sağlanamaması ve internet ortamında yayılması, internet bağımlılığının bir parçası olarak sosyal medya bağımlılığının oluşması, sosyal medya aracılığıyla dolandırıcılık yapılması, sosyal medya üzerinden hikâye yayarak bireylerin itibarının zedelenmesi ve siber taciz şeklindedir. Yetkisiz erişim, bağlantılara tıklanmasını amaçlayan bilinmeyen numaralardan gelen mesajlar ile taciz, ısrarlı takip, flört ve aile içi şiddet, tecavüz gibi dijital şiddet sosyal medyada kadınlara karşı sıklıkla işlenen suçlardır. Kadını hedef alan sosyal medyada işlenen suçların cinsiyete dayalı şiddet olgularını daha yoğun olarak içerdiği görülmektedir. Sosyal medya aracılığıyla kadına karşı işlenen cinsiyete dayalı şiddetin gerçek hayatın yansıması olduğu ve sanal ortam ile gerçek ortam arasında suçun sürdürülmesi anlamında bir bağ olduğu görülmektedir. Dünya Sağlık Örgütü kadına yönelik şiddeti önleme ve müdahale etmede sağlık sektörünün gerçekleştirebileceği rolleri belirtmektedir. Sağlık sektörünün önemli bir çalışanı olan hemşireler de başta sorunun boyutlarının belirlenmesi olmak üzere belirtilen alanlarda uygun hemşirelik rollerini gerçekleştirmelidir.

Keywords

Kadına karşı şiddet Kadına yönelik BİT ile kolaylaştırılmış şiddet Sağlık Sosyal medya

References

  • 1. University of South Florida- UCM: Introduction to social media [homepage on the Internet] Tampa: UCM: c2013 [cited 2022 November 30]. Available from: https://www.usf.edu/ucm/marketing/intro-social-media.aspx
  • 2. Dixon S: Global social networks ranked by number of users 2022 [homepage on the Internet] NewYork: Statista Inc: c2022 [cited 2022 November 30]. Available from: https://www.statista.com/statistics/272014/global-social-networks-ranked-by-number-of-users/
  • 3. Global social media statics 2022 [homepage on the Internet] Datareportal: c2023 [cited 2023 August 12]. Available from: https://datareportal.com/social-media-users
  • 4. Geyser W: Social Media Marketing Benchmark Report 2022 [homepage on the Internet] Copenhagen: Influencer MarketingHub: c2022 [cited 2022 November 30]. Available from: https://influencermarketinghub.com/social-media-marketing-benchmark-report/#toc-6
  • 5. Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu-TUİK: Hanehalkı Bilişim Teknolojileri (BT) Kullanım Araştırması 2021[homepage on the Internet] Ankara: TUİK: c2021 [cited 2022 November 30]. Available from: https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Hanehalki-Bilisim-Teknolojileri-(BT)-Kullanim-Arastirmasi-2021-37437
  • 6. Statisca.com: Gender distribution of social media audiences worldwide as of January 2022, by platform [homepage on the Internet] NewYork: Statista Inc: c2022 [cited 2022 November 30]. Available from: https://www.statista.com/statistics/274828/gender-distribution-of-active-social-media-users-worldwide-by-platform/#:~:text=Gender%20distribution%20of%20social%20media%20audiences%20worldwide%202022%2C%20by%20platform&text=As%20of%20January%202022%2C%20Facebook's,43.4%20percent%20of%20the%20total.
  • 7. Akram W, Kumar R. A study on positive and negative effects of social media on society. Int J of Computer Sciences and Engineering. 2017;5(10): 351-354.
  • 8. Güllü İ. Suç olgusuna teorik ve eleştirel bir yaklaşım. KMUSEKAD. 2014; 3:104-107.
  • 9. Altunok E, Vural AF. Bilişim suçları. Denetişim. 2011; 8: 78-84.
  • 10. Kaur EN. Introduction of cyber crime and its type. IRJCS. 2018;8(5):435-439.
  • 11. Yalçın N, Gürbüz F. Sosyal ağlarda işlenen suçlar, Facebook sosyal ağı örneği. Akademik Bilişim; 2015 31 Ocak- 06 Şubat; Eskişehir, Türkiye. Available from: https://ab.org.tr/ab15/bildiri/203.docx
  • 12. Vogels EA. The state of online Harrassment. [homepage on the Internet] Pewresearch: c2021 [cited 2023 August 12]. Available from: The State of Online Harassment | Pew Research Center
  • 13. Malwarebytes.com: Demographics of cybercrime report. [homepage on the Internet] Santa Clara: Malwarebytes: c2021 [cited 2022 November 30]. Available from: https://www.malwarebytes.com/resources/2021-demographics-of-cybercrime-report/index.html
  • 14. Şener G, Abınık N. Türkiye’de dijital şiddet araştırması. Toplumsal Bilgi ve İletişim Derneği. 2021 8 Eylül. s. 36. Available from: https://dspace.ceid.org.tr/xmlui/bitstream/handle/1/1836/digital_violence_report.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
  • 15. UN General Assembly. Declaration on the elimination of violence against women, c1993, A/RES/48/104, [cited 2023 August 11]. Available from: https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/179739
  • 16. Akkaş İ, Uyanık Z. Kadına yönelik şiddet. Nevşehir Hacı Bektaş Veli Üniversitesi SBE Dergisi. 2016;6(1):32-42. Available from https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/nevsosbilen/issue/19741/211291
  • 17. Subaşı N, Akın A. Kadına yönelik şiddet; nedenleri ve sonuçları. In: Akın A, Ed., Toplumsal Cinsiyet, Sağlık ve Kadın. Ankara: Hacettepe Üniversitesi Yayınları, 2003; p.203.
  • 18. Hearn, Jeff, et al. "The Spread of Digital Intimate Partner Violence: Ethical Challenges for Business, Workplaces, Employers and Management." Journal of Business Ethics (2023): 1-17.
  • 19. Harris BA. Technology and violence against women. In: Walklate S, Fitz-Gibbon K, Maher J. and McCulloch J. (Eds.) The Emerald Handbook of Feminism, Criminology and Social Change (Emerald Studies in Criminology, Feminism and Social Change), Emerald Publishing Limited, Bingley, pp. 317-336. https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-78769-955-720201026
  • 20. Sarışın M. Toplumsal cinsiyete dayalı şiddetin yeni yüzü: Dijital şiddet. KADEM Kadın Araştırmaları Dergisi. 2022; 8 (2): 257-285.
  • 21. UN women. Frequently asked questions: Tech-facilitated gender-based violence. [homepage on the Internet] UN women: No date [cited 2023 August 12]. Available from: https://www.unwomen.org/en/what-we-do/ending-violence-against-women/faqs/tech-facilitated-gender-based-violence#:~:text=Technology%2Dfacilitated%20gender%2Dbased%20violence,or%20economic%20harm%20or%20other
  • 22. Woodlock D, McKenzie M, Western D, Harris B. Technology as a weapon in domestic violence: Responding to digital coercive control, Australian Social Work. 2020; 73(3): 368-380.
  • 23. Baum K, Catalano S, Rand M, Rose K. Bureau of Justice Statistics Special Report: National Crime Victimization Survey, Stalking victimization in the United States. 2009 January. p.16. Report No: NCJ224527 Available from: https://www.justice.gov/sites/default/files/ovw/legacy/2012/08/15/bjs-stalking-rpt.pdf
  • 24. Posetti J, Aboulez N, Bontcheva K, Harrison J, Waisbord S. Online violence against women journalists: a global snapshot of incidence and impacts. [homepage on the Internet] UNESCO: 2020 [cited 2023 August 13]. Available from: https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000375136
  • 25. Doğan BÖ, Ertürk YD, Aslan P. Facebook kullanıcısı kız çocuklarına yönelen zorbalık odaklı siber tacizin cinsel tacize dönüşümü: Gazete haberleri üzerinden betimsel bir değerlendirme. Etkileşim.2018; 2 :36-55.
  • 26. Henry N, Flynn A, Powell A. Technology-facilitated domestic and sexual violence: A review. Violence Against Women. 2020; 26(15–16):1828–1854.
  • 27. Marganski A, Melander L. Intimate partner violence victimization in the cyber and real world: Examining the extent of cyber aggression experiences and its association with in-person dating violence. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 2018 ;33: 1071-1095.
  • 28. Fialova K, Fascendini F. Voices from digital spaces: Technology related violence against women. South Africa: APC WNSP:2011. Report No: APC-201111-WNSP-R-EN-PDF-123. Available from: https://www.apc.org/sites/default/files/APCWNSP_MDG3advocacypaper_full_2011_EN_0.pdf
  • 29. Gonzalez M. Nonconsensual porn: A common offense. [homepage on the Internet]. Florida: CCRI: c2017. [cited 2022 November 30]. Available from: https://cybercivilrights.org/2017-natl-ncp-research-results/
  • 30. Seçgin L, Selçuk KT. Sanal ağların distopyası: Kadına yönelik dijital şiddet. Dünya İnsan Bilimleri Dergisi. 2023;1: 203-217.
  • 31. Dreßing H, Bailer J, Anders A, Wagner H, Gallas C. Cyberstalking in a large sample of social network users: prevalence, characteristics, and impact upon victims. Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw. 2014 Feb;17(2):61-7.
  • 32. Lawn RB, Koenen KC. Violence against women and girls has long term health consequences. BMJ. 2021 Dec 30;375: e069311.
  • 33. Backe EL, Lilleston P, McCleary-Sills J. Networked individuals, gendered violence: A literature review of cyberviolence. Violence and Gender. Sep 2018.135-146.
  • 34. World Health Organization: Violence against women [homepage on the Internet]. Geneva: WHO:2021 [cited 2022 November 30]. Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/violence-against-women
  • 35. TC. Aile ve Sosyal Hizmetler Bakanlığı: Kadına yönelik şiddetle mücadele IV. Ulusal eylem planı 2021-2025. [homepage on the Internet]. Ankara: KSGM:2021 [cited 2023 August 14]. Available from: https://www.aile.gov.tr/ksgm/ulusal-eylem-planlari/kadina-yonelik-siddetle-mucadele-iv-ulusal-eylem-plani-2021-2025/
There are 35 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Health Services and Systems (Other)
Journal Section Review
Authors

Şule Ergöl 0000-0001-8881-6503

Aylin Güneş 0000-0003-3215-4103

Early Pub Date October 12, 2023
Publication Date October 13, 2023
Submission Date June 20, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 4 Issue: 2

Cite

Vancouver Ergöl Ş, Güneş A. Sosyal Medyada Kadına Karşı İşlenen Suç: Şiddet. MEYAD Academy Journal. 2023;4(2):195-212.
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