Review Article
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Year 2021, , 128 - 137, 09.03.2021

Seval Andiç , Rozelin Münevver Ayaz Şehriban Oğuz

https://doi.org/10.3153/FH21014

Abstract

References

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A1 Milk and Beta-casomorphin-7

Year 2021, , 128 - 137, 09.03.2021

Seval Andiç , Rozelin Münevver Ayaz Şehriban Oğuz

https://doi.org/10.3153/FH21014

Abstract

Milk is composed of water, proteins, lipids, lactose, vitamins, and minerals. More than 80% of most mammals’ milk proteins are constituted by caseins. Casein is a group of proteins and they are sub-divided into αs1-, αs2-, β- and β-casein families. Among these casein families, -casein is the second most abundant protein. Different mutations in the cow milk β-casein gene led to 12 genetic variants and most common of these are genetic variants A1 and A2. The A1 and A2 variants differ only at amino acid position 67, which is histidine in A1 or proline in A2 milk. This difference in amino acid sequence suggests a conformational change in the secondary structure of the expressed β-casein. Milk that contains A1 β-casein and A2 β-casein are known as A1 milk and A2 milk, respectively. A1 β-casein milk releases an amino acid bioactive peptide called beta-casomorphin-7 (βCM-7) in small intestine. Beta-casomorphin-7 released from A1 β-casein is responsible for many human disorders like type-1 diabetes, autism, schizophrenia, alzheimer’s disease (AD), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), multiple sclerosis (MS) and heart diseases.

Keywords

A1 Milk A2 Milk βCM-7 Casein Health

References

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  • Jarmołowska, B., Sidor, K., Iwan, M., Bielikowicz, K., Kaczmarski, M., Kostyra, E., Kostyra, H. (2007). Changes of -casomorphin content in human milk during Lactation. Peptides, 28, 1982-1986. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.peptides.2007.08.002
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  • Kamiński, S., Kamiński, A., Kostyra, E. (2007). Polymorphism of bovine beta-casein and its potential effect on human health. Journal of Applied Genetics, 48(3), 189-198. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03195213
  • Knip, M., Virtanen, S.M., Seppa, K., Ilonen, J., Savilahti, E., Vaarala, O., Reunanen, A., Teramo, K., Hämäläinen, A.M., Paronen, J., Dosch, H.M., Hakulinen, T., Akerblom, H.K. (2010a). Dietary intervention in infancy and later signs of beta-cell autoimmunity. New England Journal of Medicine, 363(20), 1900-1908. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1004809
  • Knip, M., Virtanen, S.M., Akerblom,, H.K. (2010b). Infant feeding and the risk of type 1 diabetes. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 91(5), 1506S-1513S. https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.2010.28701C
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There are 59 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Food Engineering
Journal Section Review Articles
Authors

Seval Andiç 0000-0002-8306-0222

Rozelin Münevver Ayaz 0000-0002-8818-9850

Şehriban Oğuz 0000-0001-6889-9487

Publication Date March 9, 2021
Submission Date May 25, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2021

Cite

APA Andiç, S., Ayaz, R. M., & Oğuz, Ş. (2021). A1 Milk and Beta-casomorphin-7. Food and Health, 7(2), 128-137. https://doi.org/10.3153/FH21014

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