Research Article
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Examination of nutrient content, dietary antioxidant capacity, dietary quality and dietary inflammatory load of some popular diet

Year 2024, Volume: 10 Issue: 3, 219 - 234

Fatmanur Hümeyra Zengin Aleyna Çevik

Abstract

This study aimed to examine some popular diets' nutrient content, dietary antioxidant capacity, diet quality, and dietary inflammatory load. Materials and Method: Literature was reviewed to identify popular diets, and Atkins, vegan, Zone, Dukan, Mediterranean, alkaline, ketogenic, and Paleo diets were included in the study. Nutrient contents, antioxidant capacity, and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) values of popular diets were determined using the Ebispro for Windows (BeBIS) program. Diet Quality Index-I (DQI-I) and Dietary Inflammatory Index were calculated. Results: When the antioxidant amounts of all dietary models were compared, the diet with the highest antioxidant content was the Paleo diet (6.0 mmol), and the lowest was the classic ketogenic diet (1.9 mmol). When the ORAC values of the dietary patterns were compared, the diet with the highest antioxidant capacity was the Paleo diet (23670), and the diet with the lowest antioxidant capacity was the Dukan cruise diet (1828). The diet with the lowest DII score was the vegan diet (-1.5), and the diet with the highest DII score was the classic ketogenic diet (5.9). According to the DII scores, vegan, Dukan, and Mediterranean diets have anti-inflammatory properties. Vegan diet had the highest DQI-I score (74). Zone (73) and Mediterranean (68) had the highest scoring diets. The diets with the lowest DQI-I scores were the Dukan (attack phase) (43) and the classic ketogenic diet (46). Conclusion: These findings provide valuable information on the nutritional adequacy of popular diets. Plant-based and balanced diets have better quality and nutrient profiles than low-carbohydrate diets.

Keywords

Nutrition Mediterranean diet Ketogenic diet Vegan diet

References

  • Akbulut G. (Ed) (2022). Geçmişten Günümüze Popüler Diyetlere Bilimsel Bakış. 1. Baskı. Ankara: Ankara Nobel Tıp Kitapevleri. ISBN: 978-6257564342
  • Anton, S. D., Hida, A., Heekin, K., Sowalsky, K., Karabetian, C., Mutchie, H., ... & Barnett, T. E. (2017). Effects of popular diets without specific calorie targets on weight loss outcomes: Systematic review of findings from clinical trials. Nutrients, 9(8), 822. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu9080822
  • Barnard, N. (çev. Erk Özkaya) (2020). Vegan Olma Rehberi: Bitkisel Ürünlerle Beslenme İçin Bilmeniz Gereken Her Şey. 1. Baskı, İstanbul: Epsilon Yayınları. ISBN: 978-6051737386
  • Cambeses-Franco, C., González-García, S., Feijoo, G., Moreira, M.T. (2021). Is the Paleo diet safe for health and the environment?. Science of The Total Environment, 781, 146717. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146717
  • Corley, J., Shivappa, N., Hébert, J.R., Starr, J.M., & Deary, I.J. (2019). Associations between dietary inflammatory index scores and inflammatory biomarkers among older adults in the Lothian birth cohort 1936 study. The Journal of Nutrition, hHalth & Aging, 23, 628-636. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12603-019-1221-y
  • Dinu, M., Pagliai, G., Angelino, D., Rosi, A., Dall’Asta, M., Bresciani, L., Ferraris, C., Guglielmetti, M., Godos, J., Del Bo’, C., Nucci, D., Meroni, E., Landini, L., Martini, D., Sofi, F. (2020). Effects of popular diets on anthropometric and cardiometabolic parameters: An umbrella review of meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials. Advances in Nutrition, 11(4),815-833. https://doi.org/10.1093/advances/nmaa006
  • Dukan P. (Z. Kumruluoğlu, Çev.) (2018). Dukan Diyeti. 24. Baskı, İstanbul: Pegasus Yayınları. ISBN: 978-6055289546
  • Frączek, B., Pięta, A., Burda, A., Mazur-Kurach, P., Tyrała, F. (2021). Paleolithic Diet—Effect on the Health Status and Performance of Athletes?. Nutrients, 13(3), 1019. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13031019
  • Hassoun, A., Cropotova, J., Trif, M., Rusu, A.V., Bobiş, O., Nayik, G.A., ... & Regenstein, J.M. (2022). Consumer acceptance of new food trends resulting from the fourth industrial revolution technologies: A narrative review of literature and future perspectives. Frontiers in Nutrition, 9, 972154. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2022.972154
  • Homan, K., McHugh, E., Wells, D., Watson, C., King, C. (2012). The effect of viewing ultra-fit images on college women's body dissatisfaction. Body Image, 9(1), 50-56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2011.07.006
  • Huang, J., Liao, L.M., Weinstein, S.J., Sinha, R., Graubard, B.I., & Albanes, D. (2020). Association between plant and animal protein intake and overall and cause-specific mortality. JAMA Internal Medicine, 180(9), 1173-1184. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamainternmed.2020.2790
  • International Food Information. (2023). Council, Food and Health Survey. https://foodinsight.org/2023-food-and-health-survey/ (erişim tarihi 10 Ekim 2023)
  • Joshi, S., Mohan, V. (2018). Pros & cons of some popular extreme weight-loss diets. The Indian Journal of Medical Research, 148(5), 642. https://doi.org/10.4103/ijmr.IJMR_1793_18
  • Kemaloğlu, M., Öner, N. (2021). Bazi Popüler Diyetler Ile Türkiye Beslenme Rehberi Önerilerinin Diyet Kaliteleri ve Çevresel Etkilerinin Değerlendirilmesi, II. Uluslararası Sürdürülebilir Yaşam Kongresi 19-20 Mart. https://suyader.org.tr/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/SUYADER_2.CONGRESS-BOOK_MARCH_2021.pdf
  • Kim, S., Haines, P.S., Siega-Riz, A.M., Popkin, B.M. (2003). The Diet Quality Index-International (DQI-I) provides an effective tool for cross-national comparison of diet quality as illustrated by China and the United States. The Journal of Nutrition, 133(11), 3476-3484. https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/133.11.3476
  • Kolaç, T., Gürbüz, P., Yetiş, G. (2017). Doğal Ürünlerin Fenolik İçeriği ve Antioksidan Özellikleri. İnönü Üniversitesi Sağlık Hizmetleri Meslek Yüksek Okulu Dergisi, 5(1), 26-42. Marshall, S., Burrows, T., & Collins, C. E. (2014). Systematic review of diet quality indices and their associations with health‐related outcomes in children and adolescents. Journal of Human nutrition and Dietetics, 27(6), 577-598. https://doi.org/10.1111/jhn.12208
  • Navruz, S., Tek, N. A. (2014). Yüksek proteinli diyet akımlarının vücut ağırlığının korunması ve sağlık üzerine kısa ve uzun dönemli etkileri. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 3(1), 656-673.
  • Neale, E.P., Batterham, M.J., & Tapsell, L.C. (2016). Consumption of a healthy dietary pattern results in significant reductions in C-reactive protein levels in adults: A meta-analysis. Nutrition Research, 36(5), 391-401. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nutres.2016.02.009
  • Neustadt, J. (2006). Western diet and inflammation. Integrative Medicine, 5(4), 14-18.
  • Özata, M., Bektaş, A. (2021).Yeni Akdeniz Diyeti. 2. Baskı, İstanbul: Hayygrup Yayıncılık. ISBN: 978-6052214701
  • Vasey, C. (2006). The Acid-alkaline Diet for Optimum Health: Restore Your Health by Creating PH Balance in Your Diet. Inner Traditions/Bear & Co. Healing Arts Press ISBN:978-1594771545
  • Román-Vinas, B., Barba, L.R., Ngo, J., Martínez-González, M.Á., Wijnhoven, T.M., Serra-Majem, L. (2009). Validity of dietary patterns to assess nutrient intake adequacy. British Journal of Nutrition, 101(S2), S12-S20. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114509990547
  • Sears, B. (2004). Zone Diyeti ile Bir Hafta. 1. Baskı, İstanbul: Prestij Yayınları. ISBN: 978-9756435076
  • Sen, S., Chakraborty, R. (2011). The role of antioxidants in human health. In Oxidative stress: diagnostics, prevention, and therapy (pp. 1-37). American Chemical Society. https://doi.org/10.1021/bk-2011-1083.ch001
  • Shivappa, N., Steck, S.E., Hurley, T.G., Hussey, J.R., Hébert, J.R. (2014). Designing and developing a literature-derived, population-based dietary inflammatory index. Public health nutrition, 17(8), 1689-1696. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1368980013002115
  • Turner-McGrievy, G.M., Wirth, M.D., Shivappa, N., Wingard, E.E., Fayad, R., Wilcox, S., ... & Hébert, J.R. (2015). Randomization to plant-based dietary approaches leads to larger short-term improvements in Dietary Inflammatory Index scores and macronutrient intake compared with diets that contain meat. Nutrition Research, 35(2), 97-106. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nutres.2014.11.007
  • Turner-McGrievy, G., Wirth, M.D., Hill, K.L., Dear, E. R., Hébert, J.R. (2021). Examining commonalities and differences in food groups, nutrients, and diet quality among popular diets. Clinical Nutrition ESPEN, 41, 377-385. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnesp.2020.10.017
  • Türkiye Beslenme Rehberi (TÜBER) (2022). T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı Yayınları, (1031) https://hsgm.saglik.gov.tr/depo/birimler/saglikli-beslenme-ve-hareketli-hayat-db/Dokumanlar/Rehberler/Turkiye_Beslenme_Rehber_TUBER_2022_min.pdf
  • Whalen, K.A., McCullough, M.L., Flanders, W.D., Hartman, T.J., Judd, S., Bostick, R.M. (2016). Paleolithic and Mediterranean diet pattern scores are inversely associated with biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative balance in adults. The Journal of Nutrition, 146(6), 1217-1226. https://doi.org/10.3945/jn.115.224048
  • Wang, W.C., Worsley, A., Cunningham, E.G. (2008). Social ideological influences on reported food consumption and BMI. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 5, 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1186/1479-5868-5-20
  • Westman, E., Phinney, S., Volek, J. (2014). Yeni Atkins Diyeti Yeni Bir Sen. 1. Baskı, İstanbul: Pegasus Yayınları. ISBN: 978-6053434276
  • Wolf, R. (2017). Paleo Solution: The Original Human Diet. Victory Belt Publishing. ISBN: 1628602678
  • Zengin, F.H. (2019). Diyet Çeşitlerine Bilimsel Bakış/Ketojenik Diyet. 1. Baskı, Özer, C. (Ed.). Akademisyen Kitapevi, pp.65-81. ISBN: 978-6052586044

Bazı popüler diyetlerin besin ögesi içeriklerinin, diyet antioksidan kapasitelerinin, diyet kalitelerinin ve diyet inflamatuar yükünün incelenmesi

Year 2024, Volume: 10 Issue: 3, 219 - 234

Fatmanur Hümeyra Zengin Aleyna Çevik

Abstract

Popüler diyetlerin sağlık üzerine uzun dönemde olası etkilerinin daha iyi anlaşılması için besin ögesi profilinin ayrıntılı olarak değerlendirilmesi gereklidir. Bu çalışmada bazı popüler diyetlerin besin ögesi içeriklerinin, diyet antioksidan kapasitelerinin, diyet kalitelerinin ve diyet inflamatuar yüklerinin incelenmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Popüler diyetleri belirlemek için literatür taranmış ve bu tarama sonucunda Atkins, vegan, Zone, Dukan, Akdeniz, alkali, ketojenik ve Paleo diyet çalışmaya alınmıştır. Popüler diyetlerin Beslenme Bilgi Sistemi (BeBİS) programı kullanılarak besin ögesi içerikleri, antioksidan miktarları ve Oksijen radikali absorbe kapasitesi (ORAC) değerleri belirlenmiştir. Diyet kalitelerini belirlemek için Diyet Kalite İndeksi-I (DKİ-I) ve diyet inflamatuar yükünün belirlenmesi için Diyet İnflamatuvar İndeksi hesaplanmıştır. Tüm diyet modellerinin antioksidan miktarları karşılaştırıldığında; antioksidan miktarı en yüksek diyet Paleo diyet (6.0 mmol), en düşük ise klasik ketojenik diyet (1.9 mmol)’tir. Diyet modellerinin ORAC değerleri karşılaştırıldığında, en yüksek ORAC değerine sahip diyet Paleo diyeti (23670.0), en düşük ORAC değerine sahip diyet ise Dukan Seyir diyeti (1828)’tir. En yüksek antiinflamatuar diyet skoruna sahip diyet vegan diyet (-1.5), en yüksek proinflamatuar diyet skoruna sahip diyet ise klasik ketojenik diyet (5.9)’tir. Dİİ skorlarına göre; vegan, Dukan Seyir ve Akdeniz diyeti antiinflamatuar özelliktedir. En yüksek DKİ-I puanı olan diyet vegan diyeti (74)’dir. Zone diyeti (73) ve Akdeniz diyeti (68) diğer en yüksek puan alan diyetlerdir. En düşük DKİ-I puanına sahip diyetler ise Dukan (atak evresi) (43) ve klasik ketojenik diyet (46)’tir. Bu bulgular, popüler diyetlerin besin yeterliliği hakkında faydalı bilgiler sağlamaktadır. Sonuçlar bitki bazlı ve dengeli diyetlerin düşük karbonhidratlı diyetlere göre daha iyi diyet kalitesine ve daha iyi besin ögesi profiline sahip olduğunu göstermektedir.

Keywords

Beslenme Akdeniz diyeti Ketojenik diyet Vegan diyet

References

  • Akbulut G. (Ed) (2022). Geçmişten Günümüze Popüler Diyetlere Bilimsel Bakış. 1. Baskı. Ankara: Ankara Nobel Tıp Kitapevleri. ISBN: 978-6257564342
  • Anton, S. D., Hida, A., Heekin, K., Sowalsky, K., Karabetian, C., Mutchie, H., ... & Barnett, T. E. (2017). Effects of popular diets without specific calorie targets on weight loss outcomes: Systematic review of findings from clinical trials. Nutrients, 9(8), 822. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu9080822
  • Barnard, N. (çev. Erk Özkaya) (2020). Vegan Olma Rehberi: Bitkisel Ürünlerle Beslenme İçin Bilmeniz Gereken Her Şey. 1. Baskı, İstanbul: Epsilon Yayınları. ISBN: 978-6051737386
  • Cambeses-Franco, C., González-García, S., Feijoo, G., Moreira, M.T. (2021). Is the Paleo diet safe for health and the environment?. Science of The Total Environment, 781, 146717. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146717
  • Corley, J., Shivappa, N., Hébert, J.R., Starr, J.M., & Deary, I.J. (2019). Associations between dietary inflammatory index scores and inflammatory biomarkers among older adults in the Lothian birth cohort 1936 study. The Journal of Nutrition, hHalth & Aging, 23, 628-636. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12603-019-1221-y
  • Dinu, M., Pagliai, G., Angelino, D., Rosi, A., Dall’Asta, M., Bresciani, L., Ferraris, C., Guglielmetti, M., Godos, J., Del Bo’, C., Nucci, D., Meroni, E., Landini, L., Martini, D., Sofi, F. (2020). Effects of popular diets on anthropometric and cardiometabolic parameters: An umbrella review of meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials. Advances in Nutrition, 11(4),815-833. https://doi.org/10.1093/advances/nmaa006
  • Dukan P. (Z. Kumruluoğlu, Çev.) (2018). Dukan Diyeti. 24. Baskı, İstanbul: Pegasus Yayınları. ISBN: 978-6055289546
  • Frączek, B., Pięta, A., Burda, A., Mazur-Kurach, P., Tyrała, F. (2021). Paleolithic Diet—Effect on the Health Status and Performance of Athletes?. Nutrients, 13(3), 1019. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13031019
  • Hassoun, A., Cropotova, J., Trif, M., Rusu, A.V., Bobiş, O., Nayik, G.A., ... & Regenstein, J.M. (2022). Consumer acceptance of new food trends resulting from the fourth industrial revolution technologies: A narrative review of literature and future perspectives. Frontiers in Nutrition, 9, 972154. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2022.972154
  • Homan, K., McHugh, E., Wells, D., Watson, C., King, C. (2012). The effect of viewing ultra-fit images on college women's body dissatisfaction. Body Image, 9(1), 50-56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2011.07.006
  • Huang, J., Liao, L.M., Weinstein, S.J., Sinha, R., Graubard, B.I., & Albanes, D. (2020). Association between plant and animal protein intake and overall and cause-specific mortality. JAMA Internal Medicine, 180(9), 1173-1184. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamainternmed.2020.2790
  • International Food Information. (2023). Council, Food and Health Survey. https://foodinsight.org/2023-food-and-health-survey/ (erişim tarihi 10 Ekim 2023)
  • Joshi, S., Mohan, V. (2018). Pros & cons of some popular extreme weight-loss diets. The Indian Journal of Medical Research, 148(5), 642. https://doi.org/10.4103/ijmr.IJMR_1793_18
  • Kemaloğlu, M., Öner, N. (2021). Bazi Popüler Diyetler Ile Türkiye Beslenme Rehberi Önerilerinin Diyet Kaliteleri ve Çevresel Etkilerinin Değerlendirilmesi, II. Uluslararası Sürdürülebilir Yaşam Kongresi 19-20 Mart. https://suyader.org.tr/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/SUYADER_2.CONGRESS-BOOK_MARCH_2021.pdf
  • Kim, S., Haines, P.S., Siega-Riz, A.M., Popkin, B.M. (2003). The Diet Quality Index-International (DQI-I) provides an effective tool for cross-national comparison of diet quality as illustrated by China and the United States. The Journal of Nutrition, 133(11), 3476-3484. https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/133.11.3476
  • Kolaç, T., Gürbüz, P., Yetiş, G. (2017). Doğal Ürünlerin Fenolik İçeriği ve Antioksidan Özellikleri. İnönü Üniversitesi Sağlık Hizmetleri Meslek Yüksek Okulu Dergisi, 5(1), 26-42. Marshall, S., Burrows, T., & Collins, C. E. (2014). Systematic review of diet quality indices and their associations with health‐related outcomes in children and adolescents. Journal of Human nutrition and Dietetics, 27(6), 577-598. https://doi.org/10.1111/jhn.12208
  • Navruz, S., Tek, N. A. (2014). Yüksek proteinli diyet akımlarının vücut ağırlığının korunması ve sağlık üzerine kısa ve uzun dönemli etkileri. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 3(1), 656-673.
  • Neale, E.P., Batterham, M.J., & Tapsell, L.C. (2016). Consumption of a healthy dietary pattern results in significant reductions in C-reactive protein levels in adults: A meta-analysis. Nutrition Research, 36(5), 391-401. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nutres.2016.02.009
  • Neustadt, J. (2006). Western diet and inflammation. Integrative Medicine, 5(4), 14-18.
  • Özata, M., Bektaş, A. (2021).Yeni Akdeniz Diyeti. 2. Baskı, İstanbul: Hayygrup Yayıncılık. ISBN: 978-6052214701
  • Vasey, C. (2006). The Acid-alkaline Diet for Optimum Health: Restore Your Health by Creating PH Balance in Your Diet. Inner Traditions/Bear & Co. Healing Arts Press ISBN:978-1594771545
  • Román-Vinas, B., Barba, L.R., Ngo, J., Martínez-González, M.Á., Wijnhoven, T.M., Serra-Majem, L. (2009). Validity of dietary patterns to assess nutrient intake adequacy. British Journal of Nutrition, 101(S2), S12-S20. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114509990547
  • Sears, B. (2004). Zone Diyeti ile Bir Hafta. 1. Baskı, İstanbul: Prestij Yayınları. ISBN: 978-9756435076
  • Sen, S., Chakraborty, R. (2011). The role of antioxidants in human health. In Oxidative stress: diagnostics, prevention, and therapy (pp. 1-37). American Chemical Society. https://doi.org/10.1021/bk-2011-1083.ch001
  • Shivappa, N., Steck, S.E., Hurley, T.G., Hussey, J.R., Hébert, J.R. (2014). Designing and developing a literature-derived, population-based dietary inflammatory index. Public health nutrition, 17(8), 1689-1696. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1368980013002115
  • Turner-McGrievy, G.M., Wirth, M.D., Shivappa, N., Wingard, E.E., Fayad, R., Wilcox, S., ... & Hébert, J.R. (2015). Randomization to plant-based dietary approaches leads to larger short-term improvements in Dietary Inflammatory Index scores and macronutrient intake compared with diets that contain meat. Nutrition Research, 35(2), 97-106. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nutres.2014.11.007
  • Turner-McGrievy, G., Wirth, M.D., Hill, K.L., Dear, E. R., Hébert, J.R. (2021). Examining commonalities and differences in food groups, nutrients, and diet quality among popular diets. Clinical Nutrition ESPEN, 41, 377-385. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnesp.2020.10.017
  • Türkiye Beslenme Rehberi (TÜBER) (2022). T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı Yayınları, (1031) https://hsgm.saglik.gov.tr/depo/birimler/saglikli-beslenme-ve-hareketli-hayat-db/Dokumanlar/Rehberler/Turkiye_Beslenme_Rehber_TUBER_2022_min.pdf
  • Whalen, K.A., McCullough, M.L., Flanders, W.D., Hartman, T.J., Judd, S., Bostick, R.M. (2016). Paleolithic and Mediterranean diet pattern scores are inversely associated with biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative balance in adults. The Journal of Nutrition, 146(6), 1217-1226. https://doi.org/10.3945/jn.115.224048
  • Wang, W.C., Worsley, A., Cunningham, E.G. (2008). Social ideological influences on reported food consumption and BMI. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 5, 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1186/1479-5868-5-20
  • Westman, E., Phinney, S., Volek, J. (2014). Yeni Atkins Diyeti Yeni Bir Sen. 1. Baskı, İstanbul: Pegasus Yayınları. ISBN: 978-6053434276
  • Wolf, R. (2017). Paleo Solution: The Original Human Diet. Victory Belt Publishing. ISBN: 1628602678
  • Zengin, F.H. (2019). Diyet Çeşitlerine Bilimsel Bakış/Ketojenik Diyet. 1. Baskı, Özer, C. (Ed.). Akademisyen Kitapevi, pp.65-81. ISBN: 978-6052586044
There are 33 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Nutrition and Dietetics (Other)
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Fatmanur Hümeyra Zengin 0000-0003-1586-5878

Aleyna Çevik 0000-0003-3924-6895

Early Pub Date June 5, 2024
Publication Date
Submission Date February 5, 2024
Acceptance Date May 22, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024Volume: 10 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Zengin, F. H., & Çevik, A. (2024). Bazı popüler diyetlerin besin ögesi içeriklerinin, diyet antioksidan kapasitelerinin, diyet kalitelerinin ve diyet inflamatuar yükünün incelenmesi. Food and Health, 10(3), 219-234.

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