Food and Health
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Investigation of cyto-genotoxic effects of a food sweetener Acesulfame potassium

Year 2022, Volume: 8 Issue: 4, 273 - 283, 01.10.2022

Sevcan MAMUR Deniz YÜZBAŞIOĞLU Sabire Nur BÜLBÜL Fatma ÜNAL

https://doi.org/10.3153/FH22025

Abstract

Acesulfame potassium (ACE-K) is an artificial sweetener widely used in many foods. This investigation assessed the cytotoxic effect of ACE-K using MTT assay in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cell line and the genotoxic effect using chromosomal aberrations (CAs), micronucleus (MN), and comet assays in human lymphocytes. 7.5-240 μg/mL concentrations of ACE-K were applied to cells. ACE-K notably decreased the cell viability on HepG2 cells, especially at 120 and 240 μg/mL at 24 and 48 h. It also significantly reduced the mitotic index (MI) at 60, 120, and 240 μg/mL at both treatments (24 and 48 h) in human lymphocytes. The frequency of the CAs significantly increased at 60, 120, and 240 μg/mL for 48 h treatment compared to control. However, no difference was observed in the frequency of MN and nuclear division index (NDI) at all the treatments. ACE-K also induced comet tail length, tail intensity, and moment at 15 μg/mL in isolated human lymphocytes. Therefore, ACE-K showed a cytotoxic effect in HepG2 cells as well as human lymphocytes at higher concentrations. It also exhibits a mild genotoxic effect by increasing the frequency of CAs at long-term treatment and DNA damaging effect only at 15 μg/mL.

Keywords

Acesulfame potassium, Food sweetener, MTT assay, Chromosomal aberrations, Micronucleus, Comet assay

Supporting Institution

This study was financially supported (except for comet assay) by Gazi University Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit

References

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Year 2022, Volume: 8 Issue: 4, 273 - 283, 01.10.2022

Sevcan MAMUR Deniz YÜZBAŞIOĞLU Sabire Nur BÜLBÜL Fatma ÜNAL

https://doi.org/10.3153/FH22025

Abstract

References

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  • Bach, D-H., Zhang, W., Sood, A.K. (2019). Chromosomal Instability in Tumor Initiation and Development. Cancer Research, 79(16), 3995–4002. https://doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-18-3235
  • Bandyopadhyay, A., Ghoshal, S., Mukherjee, A. (2008). Genotoxicity testing of low-calorie sweeteners: aspartame, acesulfame-K, and saccharin. Drug and Chemical Toxicology, 31(4), 447-457. https://doi.org/10.1080/01480540802390270
  • Belton, K., Schaefer, E., Guiney, P.D. (2020). A review of the environmental fate and effects of acesulfame‐potassium. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management, 16(4), 421-437. https://doi.org/10.1002/ieam.4248
  • Cao, Y., Liu, H., Qin, N., Ren, X., Zhu, B., Xiaodong, X. (2020). Impact of food additives on the composition and function of gut microbiota: A review. Trends in Food Science & Technology, 99, 295-310. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2020.03.006
  • Carocho, M., Morales, P., Ferreira, I.C. (2017). Sweeteners as food additives in the XXI century: A review of what is known, and what is to come. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 107, 302-317. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2017.06.046
  • Chappell, G.A., Wikoff, D.S., Doepker, C.L., Borghoff, S.J. (2020). Lack of potential carcinogenicity for acesulfame potassium–systematic evaluation and integration of mechanistic data into the totality of the evidence. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 141, 111375. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2020.111375
  • Chattopadhyay, S., Raychaudhuri, U., Chakraborty, R. (2014). Artificial sweeteners–a review. Journal of Food Science and Technology, 51(4), 611-621. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13197-011-0571-1
  • Choi, J.M., Oh, S.J., Lee, S.Y., Im, J.H., Oh, J.M., Ryu, C.S., et al. (2015). HepG2 cells as an in vitro model for evaluation of cytochrome P450 induction by xenobiotics. Archives of Pharmacal Research, 38(5), 691–704. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12272-014-0502-6 Cruz-Rojas, C., SanJuan Reyes, N., Fuentes Benites, M.P.A.G., Dublan García, O., Galar Martínez, M., Islas Flores, H, et al. (2019). Acesulfame potassium: Its ecotoxicity measured through oxidative stress biomarkers in common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Science of the Total Environment, 647, 772-784. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.08.034
  • De Koning, L., Malik, V.S., Rimm, E.B., Willett, W.C., Hu, F.B., (2011). Sugar-sweetened and artificially sweetened beverage consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes in men. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 93, 1321-1327. https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.110.007922
  • Dong, G., Li, X., Han, G., Du, L., Li, M. (2020). Zebrafish neuro-behavioral profiles altered by acesulfame (ACE) within the range of “no observed effect concentrations (NOECs)”. Chemosphere, 243, 125431. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125431
  • Dusinska, M., Mariussen, E., Rundén Pran, E., Hudecova, A.M., Elje, E., Kazimirova, A., et al. (2019). In vitro approaches for assessing the genotoxicity of nanomaterials. Qunwei Zhang (ed.), Nanotoxicity: Methods and Protocols, Methods in Molecular Biology. Nature, 1894, 83-122. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-8916-4_6
  • Erikel, E., Yuzbasioglu, D., Unal, F. (2020). Genotoxic and antigenotoxic potential of amygdalin on isolated human lymphocytes by the comet assay. Journal of Food Biochemistry, 44(10), e13436. https://doi.org/10.1111/jfbc.13436
  • Eroglu, Y., Eroglu, H.E., Ilbas, A.I. (2007). Gamma ray reduces mitotik index in embriyonic roots of Hordeum vulgare L. Advanced Biomedical Research, 1(2), 26-28.
  • Evans, H.J. (1984). Human peripheral blood lymphocytes for the analysis of chromosome aberrations in mutagentests in mutagen tests. In: B.J. Kilbey, M. Legator, W. Nichols, C. Ramel, (eds). Handbook of mutagenicity test procedures. Amsterdam: Elsevier Science Publishers, 405-427. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-444-80519-5.50023-7
  • Fenech M. (2000). The in vitro micronucleus technique. Mutation Research/Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis, 455(1-2), 81-95. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0027-5107(00)00065-8
  • Fenech, M., Knasmueller, S., Bolognesi, C., Holland, N., Bonassi, S., Kirsch-Volders, M. (2020). Micronuclei as biomarkers of DNA damage, aneuploidy, inducers of chromosomal hypermutation and as sources of pro-inflammatory DNA in humans. Mutation Research/Reviews in Mutation Research, 786, 108342. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mrrev.2020.108342
  • Fındıklı, Z., Türkoglu, S., (2014). Determination of the effects of some artificial sweeteners on human peripheral lymphocytes using the comet assay. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health Sciences, 6(8), 147-153. https://doi.org/10.5897/JTEHS2014.0313
  • Fowler, S.P., Williams, K., Resendez, R.G., Hunt, K., Hazuda, H.P., Stern, M.P. (2008). Fueling the obesity epidemic? Artificially sweetened beverage use and longterm weight gain. Obesity, 16(8), 1894-1900. https://doi.org/10.1038/oby.2008.284
  • Fowler, S.P.G., (2016). Low-calorie sweetener use and energy balance: Results from experimental studies in animals, and large-scale prospective studies in humans. Physiology Behavior, 164, 517-523. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physbeh.2016.04.047
  • Fung, T.T., Malik, V., Rexrode, K.M., Manson, J.E., Willett, W.C., Hu, F.B. (2009). Sweetened beverage consumption and risk of coronary heart disease in women. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 89(4), 1037-1042. https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.2008.27140
  • Heredia-García, G., Gómez Oliván, L.M., Orozco Hernández, J.M., Luja Mondragón, M., Islas Flores, H., Juan Reyes, N. S., Galar-Martínez M., García-Medina, S., Dublán-García, O. (2019). Alterations to DNA, apoptosis and oxidative damage induced by sucralose in blood cells of Cyprinus carpio. Science of the Total Environment, 692, 411-421. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.07.165
  • Hernández-Pérez, A.F., Jofre, F.M., Queiroz, S., de Arruda, P.V., Chandel, A.K., Graç, M.D., Almeida, F. (2020). Chapter 9: Biotechnological production of sweeteners. Verma, M., Chandel, A., (Eds). Biotechnological Production of Bioactive Compounds, Publisher: Elsevier, 261-292. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-444-64323-0.00009-6
  • Ibi, D., Suzuki, F., Hiramatsu, M. (2018). Effect of AceK (acesulfame potassium) on brain function under dietary restriction in mice. Physiology & Behavior, 188, 291-297. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physbeh.2018.02.024
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Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Structural Biology
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Sevcan MAMUR
Gazi University, Life Sciences Application and Research Center
0000-0002-8615-5331
Türkiye

Deniz YÜZBAŞIOĞLU
Gazi University, Science Faculty, Department of Biology
0000-0003-2756-7712
Türkiye

Sabire Nur BÜLBÜL
Gazi University, Science Faculty, Department of Biology
0000-0002-6897-793X
Türkiye

Fatma ÜNAL
Gazi University, Science Faculty, Department of Biology
0000-0002-7468-6186
Türkiye

Project Number 64/2020-01.
Publication Date October 1, 2022
Submission Date June 7, 2022
Acceptance Date July 19, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022Volume: 8 Issue: 4

Cite

APA Mamur, S. , Yüzbaşıoğlu, D. , Bülbül, S. N. & Ünal, F. (2022). Investigation of cyto-genotoxic effects of a food sweetener Acesulfame potassium . Food and Health , 8 (4) , 273-283 . DOI: 10.3153/FH22025
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