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Research Article
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Green tea extracts and substantial catechin derivatives: Evaluation of their potential against breast cancer

Year 2024, Volume: 10 Issue: 1, 85 - 95, 03.01.2024

Nadire Özenver , Sıla Ünlü , Seren Gündoğdu , L. Ömür Demirezer

https://doi.org/10.3153/FH24008

Abstract

Breast cancer is one of the most predominant types of cancer. Although assorted treatment options are available to cope with breast cancer (e.g. chemotherapy, radiotherapy, surgery, hormone therapy, targeted therapy), chemotherapy regimens still hold vital importance. Studies on the discovery of drug-candidate molecules that can create an alternative in the treatment of breast cancer continue at full speed. At this point, nature has a substantial place offering great diversity. Natural products may exhibit anticancer properties directly through molecular targets such as genes or indirectly through metabolic pathways. Moreover, they may be adjuvant agents and contribute to conventional therapy, and thus, they can enhance the efficacy of chemotherapeutics or even ease their side effects. Green tea, a critical dietary source of polyphenols and flavonoids, is obtained from the minimally fermented or unfermented leaves of the Camellia sinensis L. plant and is used in traditional Chinese medicine for many important conditions, including cancer. The phytochemical content of green tea is extremely rich, including (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), (-)-epigallocatechin (EGC); (-)-epicatechin-3-gallate (ECG) and (-)-epicatechin (EC) as the main catechins in the composition of green tea. Within the scope of our study, we proposed the cytotoxicity and toxicity comparison of the water and 80% ethanolic extract of the green tea extracts as well as of (-)-epicatechin (EC) and (-)-epigallocatechin (EGC) in terms of their cytotoxicity and toxicity based on the structure-activity relationship on breast cancer. Therefore, we tested aqueous and 80% ethanolic extracts of green tea and EGC and EC on MDA-MB-231, MDA-BMB-468, MCF-7 and SK-BR-3 breast cancer cells. Their toxicity on healthy rat myoblastoma H9c2 cells was further examined. Resazurin reduction assay was used to detect cytotoxicity and toxicity. Both water and 80% ethanolic extract of green tea exhibited remarkable cytotoxicity on MCF-7 cancer cells deserving further investigation, including phytochemical characterization of the extract. Epigallocatechin was also cytotoxic on MCF-7 cells with an IC50 value of 20.07 µM. The possible therapeutic potentials of green tea extracts and their substantial catechin derivatives were assessed for breast cancer therapy.

Keywords

Breast cancer Epicatechin Epigallocatechin Cytotoxicity Green tea Toxicity

Ethical Statement

There is no ethical statement. Because our research does not require an ethical statement.

Supporting Institution

TÜBİTAK

Project Number

1919B012211398

Thanks

This study was supported by TÜBİTAK 2209-A University Students Research Projects Support Program (Project No: 1919B012211398)

References

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  • Akram, M., Iqbal, M., Daniyal, M., & Khan, A.U. (2017). Awareness and current knowledge of breast cancer. Biological Research, 50, 1-23. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40659-017-0140-9
  • Alam, M., Ali, S., Ashraf, G.M., Bilgrami, A.L., Yadav, D.K., & Hassan, M.I. (2022). Epigallocatechin 3-gallate: From green tea to cancer therapeutics. Food Chemistry, 379, 132135. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.132135
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  • Braicu, C., Ladomery, M.R., Chedea, V.S., Irimie, A., & Berindan-Neagoe, I. (2013). The relationship between the structure and biological actions of green tea catechins. Food Chemistry, 141(3), 3282-3289. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.05.122
  • Chacko, S.M., Thambi, P.T., Kuttan, R., & Nishigaki, I. (2010). Beneficial effects of green tea: a literature review. Chinese Medical Journal, 5, 13. https://doi.org/10.1186/1749-8546-5-13
  • Chatterjee, K., Zhang, J., Honbo, N., & Karliner, J.S. (2010). Doxorubicin cardiomyopathy. Cardiology, 115(2), 155-162. https://doi.org/10.1159/000265166
  • Chen, D., Wan, S. B., Yang, H., Yuan, J., Chan, T. H., & Dou, Q. P. (2011). EGCG, green tea polyphenols and their synthetic analogs and prodrugs for human cancer prevention and treatment. Advances in Clinical Chemistry, 53, 155-177. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-385855-9.00007-2 Chen, Y., Abe, S. K., Inoue, M., Yamaji, T., Iwasaki, M., Nomura, S., Hashizume, M., Tsugane, S., Sawada, N., Sawada, N., Tsugane, S., Iwasaki, M., Inoue, M., Yamaji, T., Katagiri, R., Miyamoto, Y., Ihira, H., Abe, S.K., Tanaka, S., . . . Past members of the committee external, e. (2022). Green tea and coffee consumption and risk of kidney cancer in Japanese adults. Scientific Reports, 12(1), 20274. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-24090-z
  • Cheng, Z., Zhang, Z., Han, Y., Wang, J., Wang, Y., Chen, X., Shao, Y., Cheng, Y., Zhou, W., Lu, X., & Wu, Z. (2020). A review on anti-cancer effect of green tea catechins. Journal of Functional Foods, 74, 104172. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jff.2020.104172
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  • Farhan, M., Zafar, A., Chibber, S., Khan, H.Y., Arif, H., & Hadi, S.M. (2015). Mobilization of copper ions in human peripheral lymphocytes by catechins leading to oxidative DNA breakage: A structure activity study. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics, 580, 31-40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.abb.2015.06.019
  • Holliday, D.L., & Speirs, V. (2011). Choosing the right cell line for breast cancer research. Breast Cancer Research, 13(4), 215. https://doi.org/10.1186/bcr2889
  • Kuete, V., Mbaveng, A.T., Nono, E.C., Simo, C.C., Zeino, M., Nkengfack, A.E., & Efferth, T. (2016). Cytotoxicity of seven naturally occurring phenolic compounds towards multi-factorial drug-resistant cancer cells. Phytomedicine, 23, 856–863. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phymed.2016.04.007
  • Mbaveng, A.T., Damen, F., Simo Mpetga, J.D., Awouafack, M.D., Tane, P., Kuete, V., & Efferth, T. (2019). Cytotoxicity of crude extract and isolated constituents of the Dichrostachys cinerea bark towards multifactorial drug-resistant cancer cells. Evidence- Based Complementary Alternative Medicine, 2019, 8450158. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/8450158
  • Newman, D.J., & Cragg, G.M. (2020). Natural products as sources of new drugs over the nearly four decades from 01/1981 to 09/2019. Journal of Natural Products, 83(3), 770-803. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jnatprod.9b01285 O’Brien, J., Wilson, I., Orton, T., & Pognan, F. (2000). Investigation of the Alamar Blue (resazurin) fluorescent dye for the assessment of mammalian cell cytotoxicity. European Journal of Biochemistry, 267, 5421–5426. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1432-1327.2000.01606.x
  • Ranjan, A., Ramachandran, S., Gupta, N., Kaushik, I., Wright, S., Srivastava, S., Das, H., Srivastava, S., Prasad, S., & Srivastava, S.K. (2019). Role of phytochemicals in cancer prevention. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 20(20), 4981. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20204981
  • Rawat, P.S., Jaiswal, A., Khurana, A., Bhatti, J.S., & Navik, U. (2021). Doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity: An update on the molecular mechanism and novel therapeutic strategies for effective management. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, 139, 111708. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111708
  • Ruchika, & Sehgal, A. (2022). An update on disease preventing potential of green tea in comparison with some tisanes. South African Journal of Botany, 144, 92-96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2021.08.027
  • Saldanha, S.N., & Tollefsbol, T.O. (2012). The role of nutraceuticals in chemoprevention and chemotherapy and their clinical outcomes. Journal of Oncology, 192464. https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/192464
  • Shirakami, Y., & Shimizu, M. (2018). Possible mechanisms of green tea and its constituents against cancer. Molecules, 23(9), 2284. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules23092284
  • Stuart, E.C., Scandlyn, M.J., & Rosengren, R.J. (2006). Role of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) in the treatment of breast and prostate cancer. Life Sciences, 79(25), 2329-2336. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lfs.2006.07.036
  • Suffness, M., Pezzuto, J.M., & Hostettmann, K. (1990). Methods in plant biochemistry: assays for bioactivity. Methods in Plant Biochemistry, 6th ed.; Hostettmann, K., Ed, 33-71. Volkova, M., & Russell, R., 3rd. (2011). Anthracycline cardiotoxicity: prevalence, pathogenesis and treatment. Current Cardiology Reviews, 7(4), 214-220. https://doi.org/10.2174/157340311799960645
  • Waks, A. G., & Winer, E. P. (2019). Breast cancer treatment: a review. Jama, 321(3), 288-300. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2018.19323
  • World and Health Organization (WHO), (2023). Breast cancer. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/breast-cancer (accessed 22.08.2023).
  • Yu, S., Zhu, L., Wang, K., Yan, Y., He, J., & Ren, Y. (2019). Green tea consumption and risk of breast cancer: A systematic review and updated meta-analysis of case-control studies. Medicine (Baltimore), 98(27), e16147. https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000016147

Year 2024, Volume: 10 Issue: 1, 85 - 95, 03.01.2024

Nadire Özenver , Sıla Ünlü , Seren Gündoğdu , L. Ömür Demirezer

https://doi.org/10.3153/FH24008

Abstract

Project Number

1919B012211398

References

  • Abd El-Rahman, S.S., Shehab, G., & Nashaat, H. (2017). Epigallocatechin-3-gallate: The prospective targeting of cancer stem cells and preventing metastasis of chemically--induced mammary cancer in rats. American Journal of the Medical Sciences, 354(1), 54-63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjms.2017.03.001
  • Akram, M., Iqbal, M., Daniyal, M., & Khan, A.U. (2017). Awareness and current knowledge of breast cancer. Biological Research, 50, 1-23. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40659-017-0140-9
  • Alam, M., Ali, S., Ashraf, G.M., Bilgrami, A.L., Yadav, D.K., & Hassan, M.I. (2022). Epigallocatechin 3-gallate: From green tea to cancer therapeutics. Food Chemistry, 379, 132135. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.132135
  • ATTC. (2023). https://www.atcc.org (accessed 28.08.2023).
  • Braicu, C., Ladomery, M.R., Chedea, V.S., Irimie, A., & Berindan-Neagoe, I. (2013). The relationship between the structure and biological actions of green tea catechins. Food Chemistry, 141(3), 3282-3289. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.05.122
  • Chacko, S.M., Thambi, P.T., Kuttan, R., & Nishigaki, I. (2010). Beneficial effects of green tea: a literature review. Chinese Medical Journal, 5, 13. https://doi.org/10.1186/1749-8546-5-13
  • Chatterjee, K., Zhang, J., Honbo, N., & Karliner, J.S. (2010). Doxorubicin cardiomyopathy. Cardiology, 115(2), 155-162. https://doi.org/10.1159/000265166
  • Chen, D., Wan, S. B., Yang, H., Yuan, J., Chan, T. H., & Dou, Q. P. (2011). EGCG, green tea polyphenols and their synthetic analogs and prodrugs for human cancer prevention and treatment. Advances in Clinical Chemistry, 53, 155-177. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-385855-9.00007-2 Chen, Y., Abe, S. K., Inoue, M., Yamaji, T., Iwasaki, M., Nomura, S., Hashizume, M., Tsugane, S., Sawada, N., Sawada, N., Tsugane, S., Iwasaki, M., Inoue, M., Yamaji, T., Katagiri, R., Miyamoto, Y., Ihira, H., Abe, S.K., Tanaka, S., . . . Past members of the committee external, e. (2022). Green tea and coffee consumption and risk of kidney cancer in Japanese adults. Scientific Reports, 12(1), 20274. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-24090-z
  • Cheng, Z., Zhang, Z., Han, Y., Wang, J., Wang, Y., Chen, X., Shao, Y., Cheng, Y., Zhou, W., Lu, X., & Wu, Z. (2020). A review on anti-cancer effect of green tea catechins. Journal of Functional Foods, 74, 104172. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jff.2020.104172
  • ClinicalTrials.gov, U.S.N.L.o.M. (2023). https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=cancer&intr=Green%20Tea&page=2 (accessed 07.09.2023).
  • Farhan, M., Zafar, A., Chibber, S., Khan, H.Y., Arif, H., & Hadi, S.M. (2015). Mobilization of copper ions in human peripheral lymphocytes by catechins leading to oxidative DNA breakage: A structure activity study. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics, 580, 31-40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.abb.2015.06.019
  • Holliday, D.L., & Speirs, V. (2011). Choosing the right cell line for breast cancer research. Breast Cancer Research, 13(4), 215. https://doi.org/10.1186/bcr2889
  • Kuete, V., Mbaveng, A.T., Nono, E.C., Simo, C.C., Zeino, M., Nkengfack, A.E., & Efferth, T. (2016). Cytotoxicity of seven naturally occurring phenolic compounds towards multi-factorial drug-resistant cancer cells. Phytomedicine, 23, 856–863. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phymed.2016.04.007
  • Mbaveng, A.T., Damen, F., Simo Mpetga, J.D., Awouafack, M.D., Tane, P., Kuete, V., & Efferth, T. (2019). Cytotoxicity of crude extract and isolated constituents of the Dichrostachys cinerea bark towards multifactorial drug-resistant cancer cells. Evidence- Based Complementary Alternative Medicine, 2019, 8450158. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/8450158
  • Newman, D.J., & Cragg, G.M. (2020). Natural products as sources of new drugs over the nearly four decades from 01/1981 to 09/2019. Journal of Natural Products, 83(3), 770-803. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jnatprod.9b01285 O’Brien, J., Wilson, I., Orton, T., & Pognan, F. (2000). Investigation of the Alamar Blue (resazurin) fluorescent dye for the assessment of mammalian cell cytotoxicity. European Journal of Biochemistry, 267, 5421–5426. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1432-1327.2000.01606.x
  • Ranjan, A., Ramachandran, S., Gupta, N., Kaushik, I., Wright, S., Srivastava, S., Das, H., Srivastava, S., Prasad, S., & Srivastava, S.K. (2019). Role of phytochemicals in cancer prevention. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 20(20), 4981. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20204981
  • Rawat, P.S., Jaiswal, A., Khurana, A., Bhatti, J.S., & Navik, U. (2021). Doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity: An update on the molecular mechanism and novel therapeutic strategies for effective management. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, 139, 111708. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111708
  • Ruchika, & Sehgal, A. (2022). An update on disease preventing potential of green tea in comparison with some tisanes. South African Journal of Botany, 144, 92-96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2021.08.027
  • Saldanha, S.N., & Tollefsbol, T.O. (2012). The role of nutraceuticals in chemoprevention and chemotherapy and their clinical outcomes. Journal of Oncology, 192464. https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/192464
  • Shirakami, Y., & Shimizu, M. (2018). Possible mechanisms of green tea and its constituents against cancer. Molecules, 23(9), 2284. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules23092284
  • Stuart, E.C., Scandlyn, M.J., & Rosengren, R.J. (2006). Role of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) in the treatment of breast and prostate cancer. Life Sciences, 79(25), 2329-2336. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lfs.2006.07.036
  • Suffness, M., Pezzuto, J.M., & Hostettmann, K. (1990). Methods in plant biochemistry: assays for bioactivity. Methods in Plant Biochemistry, 6th ed.; Hostettmann, K., Ed, 33-71. Volkova, M., & Russell, R., 3rd. (2011). Anthracycline cardiotoxicity: prevalence, pathogenesis and treatment. Current Cardiology Reviews, 7(4), 214-220. https://doi.org/10.2174/157340311799960645
  • Waks, A. G., & Winer, E. P. (2019). Breast cancer treatment: a review. Jama, 321(3), 288-300. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2018.19323
  • World and Health Organization (WHO), (2023). Breast cancer. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/breast-cancer (accessed 22.08.2023).
  • Yu, S., Zhu, L., Wang, K., Yan, Y., He, J., & Ren, Y. (2019). Green tea consumption and risk of breast cancer: A systematic review and updated meta-analysis of case-control studies. Medicine (Baltimore), 98(27), e16147. https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000016147
There are 25 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Biochemistry and Cell Biology (Other), Food Chemistry and Food Sensory Science, Food Sciences (Other)
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Nadire Özenver 0000-0001-9561-8994

Sıla Ünlü 0009-0000-1007-1193

Seren Gündoğdu 0000-0003-4295-2520

L. Ömür Demirezer 0000-0002-5284-0744

Project Number 1919B012211398
Early Pub Date December 30, 2023
Publication Date January 3, 2024
Submission Date September 9, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 10 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Özenver, N., Ünlü, S., Gündoğdu, S., Demirezer, L. Ö. (2024). Green tea extracts and substantial catechin derivatives: Evaluation of their potential against breast cancer. Food and Health, 10(1), 85-95. https://doi.org/10.3153/FH24008
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