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FARKLI KETEN TÜR VE ÇEŞİTLERİNİN BESİN BİLEŞENLERİ, YAĞ ASİTLERİ VE MİNERAL İÇERİKLERİNİN KARŞILAŞTIRILMASI

Year 2015, Volume: 1 Issue: 3, 124 - 134, 14.05.2015

Abdullah Öksüz , Nadire Pelin Bahadırlı Mehmet Uğur Yıldırım Ercüment Osman Sarıhan

https://doi.org/10.3153/JFHS15012

Abstract

Farklı keten çeşitlerinin ve türlerinin
protein, yağ, yağ asitleri ve mineral içerikleri karşılaştırıldı. Yabani keten
türünün, Sarı 85 ve Vera çeşidinden daha az yağ içerdiği belirlenmiş­tir.
Kültür çeşidi olan Sarı 85 ve Vera çeşidinin protein oranı, yabani ketenden
daha yüksek bulunmuştur. Nem oranı ise ya­bani ketende daha yüksek bulunmuştur.
Keten tohumlarının hepsinde linolenik asit en fazla oranda bulunan yağ asiti ol­muştur.
Yağ asitlerinden palmitik, oleik ve linoleik asit keten tohumlarında farklılık
gösterirken, linolenik asit en fazla oranla yabani keten türü ve Sarı 85
çeşidinde bulunmuştur. Yağ asitlerinde n3:n6 oranı en fazla Sarı 85 çeşidinde
hesap­lanmıştır. Makro elementler arasında en bol bulunan sırasıyla potasyum,
fosfor, magnezyum ve sodyum olmuştur. Mikro elementler içerisinde ise çinko en
yüksek düzeyde var olan element olup yabani ketende ise bariz bir şekilde
diğerlerin­den daha fazla bulunmuştur. Belirlenen elementler arasında P, Na,
Ca, Zn, Ni, Pb elemetleri, yabani keten türünü diğer kültür çeşitlerinden ayırt
edici özelliğe sahip olmuşlardır.  

Keywords

Keten tohumu Yağ içeriği Yağ asitleri Besin bileşenleri Mineral içeriği

References

  • Anke, M., Angelow, L., Glei, M., Muller, M., & Illing, H. (1995): The Biological Importance of Nickel in The Food-Chain. Fresenius Journal of Analytical Chemistry, 352(1-2): 92-96.
  • Bayrak, A., Kiralan, M., Ipek, A., Arslan, N., Cosge, B., & Khawar, K. M. (2010): Fatty Acid Compositions of Linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) Genotypes Of Dıfferent Orıgın Cultıvated in Turkey. Biotechnology & Biotechnological Equipment, 24(2):1836-1842.
  • Bhatty, R.S., Cherdklatgumchal, P. (1990): Compositional Analysis of Laboratory-prepared and Commercial Samples of Linseed Meal and of Hull Isolated from Flax. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 67: 79-84.
  • Bozan, B., Temelli, F. (2002). Supercritical CO2 extraction of flaxseed. Journal of the American Oil Chemists Society, 79(3), 231-235. doi: 10.1007/s11746-002-0466-x
  • Bozan, B., & Temelli, F. (2008): Chemical composition and oxidative stability of flax, safflower and poppy seed and seed oils. Bioresource Technology, 99(14): 6354-6359.
  • Brutch NB. 2002. The flax genetic resources collection held at the Vavilov Institute, Russian Federation. In: LM Maggioni, M Pavelek, LJM van Soest and E Lipman (editors). Flax Genetic Resources in Europe. IPGRI, Rome, Italy. pp. 61–65.
  • Canadian Grain Commission. (2009). Quality of western Canadian flaxseed 2009, export quality data, July 2009. Retrieved January 3,2010,from http://www.grainscanada.gc.ca/flax-lin/harvest-recolte/2009/hqf09-qrl09-eng.htm.
  • Champagne, C.M. (2008): Magnesium in Hypertension, Cardiovascular Disease, Metabolic Syndrome, and Other Conditions: A Review. Nutrition in Clinical Practice, 23(2): 142-151.
  • Davis, G.K., Mertz, W. (1987): Copper. In: Mertz, W. (Ed.), Trace Elements in Human and Animal Nutrition, vol. 2. Academic Press, Orlando, FL, pp. 301-364.
  • Davis PH (1967). Linum L. In: Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands, (Ed.: P.H. Davis). Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2: 425-450.
  • Duguid, S., Lafond, G., McAndrew, D.W., Rashid, K.Y., Ulrich, A. (2007): Growing Flax: Production, Management & Diagnostic Guide. Winnipeg, MB: Flax Council of Canada.
  • Elladi V.N. (1940): Linum usitatissimum (L.) Vav. consp. nov. – len. [Linum usitatissimum (L.) Vav. consp. nov. - flax] (In Russian). In: EV Vul’f and NI Vavilov (editors).
  • Erikson, K.M., Thompson, K., Aschner, J., Aschner, M. (2007): Manganese neurotoxicity: A focus on the neonate. Pharmacology & Therapeutics, 113(2): 369-377.
  • Ertug, F. (1998): Anadolu'nun onemli yag bitkilerinden keten/Linum ve izgin/Eruca. TUBA-AR (Turkish Academy of Sciences Journal of Archaeology) 1: 113-127.
  • Fraga, C.G. (2005): Relevance, essentiality and toxicity of trace elements in human health. Molecular Aspects of Medicine, 26(4-5):235-244.
  • Freemantle, E., Vandal, M., Tremblay-Mercier, J., Tremblay, S., Blachere, J.C., Begin, M.E., Thomas Brenna, J., Windust, A., Cunnane, S.C. (2006): Omega-3 fatty acids, energy substrates, and brain function during aging. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids, 75(3): 213-220.
  • Goldhaber, S.B. (2003): Trace element risk assessment: essentiality vs. toxicity. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology, 38(2): 232-242.
  • Güner, A., Vural, M., Duman, H., Dönmez, A., Șağban, H. (1996): The Flora of the Köyceğiz-Dalyan specially protected area (MuğlaTurkey). Doğa Türk Biyoloji Dergisi, 20: 329-371.
  • Hambidge, K.M., Miller, L.V., Westcott, J.E., Krebs, N.F. (2008): Dietary Reference Intakes for Zinc May Require Adjustment for Phytate Intake Based upon Model Predictions. Journal of Nutrition, 138(12): 2363-2366.
  • Harris, W.S., Miller, M., Tighe, A.P., Davidson, M.H., Schaefer, E.J. (2008): Omega-3 fatty acids and coronary heart disease risk: clinical and mechanistic perspectives. Atherosclerosis, 197(1):12-24.
  • Hettiarachchy, N.S., Hareland, G.A., Ostenson, A., Baldner-Shank, G. (1990): Chemical composition of eleven flaxseed varieties grown in North Dakota. Proc of the Falx Institute of the United States, Flax Institute of the United States, 36-40.
  • Heywood, V.H. (1993): Flowering Plants of the World. Oxford Univ. Press, Oxford, UK.
  • Hickey, M., King, C. (1988): 100 families of flowering plants. 2nd edition. University Press, Cambridge.
  • Hurteau, M.C. (2004): Unique new food products contain good omega fats. Journal of Food Science Education, 3(4): 52-53.
  • Khattab, R.Y., Zeitoun, M.A. (2013): Quality evaluation of flaxseed oil obtained by different extraction techniques. LWT-Food Science and Technology, 53(1): 338-345.
  • Kiralan, M., Gokpinar, F., Ipek, A., Bayrak, A., Arslan, N., Kok, M. S. (2010):Variability of fatty acid and mineral content in linseed (Linum usitatissimum) lines from a range of European sources. Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research, 8(4): 1068-1073.
  • Kul’turnaja Flora SSSR, Prjadil’nye. [Flora of Cultivated Plants of the USSR, Fibre Plants]. Vol. 5, Part 1, pp. 109–207. Sel’chozgiz, Moskva, Leningrad.
  • Life Extension Foundation for Longer Life. (2013): Advanced health and life extension. Zinc in health and Nutrition. Available online at http://www.advance-health.com/zinc/html (verified on August 22, 2013).
  • Mekebo, D., Chandravanshi, B.S. (2014): Levels of Essential and Non-Essential Metals In Linseed (Linum Usitatissimum) Cultivated In Ethiopia. Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Ethiopia, 28(3): 349-362.
  • Moraghan, J.T. (1993): Accumulation Of Cadmium And Selected Elements In Flax Seed Grown On A Calcareous Soil. Plant and Soil, 150(1): 61-68.
  • Morris, D.H. 2003. Flax: A health and nutrition primer. 3rd ed, p.11 Winnipeg: Flax Council of Canada. Downloaded from http://www.jitinc.com/flax/brochure02.pdf (verified on 4/6/12)
  • Morrison, W.R., Smith, L.M. (1964): Preparation of fatty acid methyl esters and dimethyl acetals from lipids with boron trifluoride-methanol. Journal of Lipid Research, 5: 600-608.
  • Oksuz, A., Ozyilmaz, A. (2010): Changes in Fatty Acid Compositions of Black Sea Anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus L. 1758) During Catching Season. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 10(3): 381-385.
  • Oomah, B. D., Mazza, G., & Cui, W. (1994): OPTIMIZATION OF PROTEIN EXTRACTION FROM FLAXSEED MEAL. Food Research International, 27(4): 355-361. doi: 10.1016/0963-9969(94)90191-0
  • Oomah, B.D., Mazza, G., (1993): Flaxseed proteins - a review. Food Chemistry, 48: 109-114.
  • Pan, A., Sun, J., Chen, Y., Ye, X., Li, H., Yu, Z., Wang, Y., Gu, W., Zhang, X., Chen, X., Demark-Wahnefried, W., Liu, Y., Lin, X. (2007): Effects of a FlaxseedDerived Lignan Supplement in Type 2 Diabetic Patients: A Randomized, DoubleBlind, Cross-Over Trial. PLoS ONE, 2(11).
  • Parr, R.M. (1990): Recommended Dietary Intakes of Trace Elements: Some Observations on Their Definition and Interpretation in Comparison with Actual Levels of Dietary Intake. In: H. Tomita (Ed).Trace Elements in Clinical Medicine. Springer-Verlag Tokyo. pp 325-331.
  • Robertson, K.R. (1972): The genera of Geraniaceae in the southeastern United States. Journal of the Arnold Arboretum, 53: 182-201.
  • Simopoulos, A.P. (2002): The importance of the ratio of omega-6/omega-3 essential fatty acids. Biomed Pharmacother; 56(8):365-79.
  • TUNÇTÜRK, M. (2007): Van Kosullarında Bazı Keten (Linum usitatissimum L.) Çesitlerinin Verim ve Bazı Verim Ögelerinin Belirlenmesi. Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi 2007, 13(4): 365-371.
  • TÜBİVES, Türkiye Bitkileri Veri Servisi. http://www.tubives.com/.
  • TÜİK(2015): Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu, http://www.tuik.gov.tr/Start.do. Reached in January, 2015.
  • Vromans, J. (2006): Molecular genetic studies in Flax (Linum usitatissimum L.). PhD. Thesis. Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands.
  • Wakjira, A., Labuschagne, M.T, Hugo, A. (2004): Variability in oil content and fatty acid composition of ethiopian and introduced cultivars of linseed. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 84: 601-607.
  • Yılmaz, Ö., Kaynak, G. (2006): Linum hirsutum subsp. platyphyllum stat. nova (Linaceae). Annales Botanici Fennici, 43(1): 62-63.
  • Yılmaz, Ö., Kaynak, G. (2008): A new species of Linum (Linaceae) from west Anatolia, Turkey. Botanical Journal of Linnean Society, 156: 459-462.
  • Yılmaz, Ö., Kaynak, G. (2010): A New Taxon of Linum (Linaceae) from Southwest Anatolia, Turkey. A Journal for Botanical Nomenclature, 20(4): 507-511.
  • Yılmaz, Ö., Kaynak, G., Vural, M. (2003): A new taxon of Linum (Linaceae) from NW Anatolia, Turkey. Annales Botanici Fennici 40(2): 147-150.
  • Zohary, D., Hopf, M., Weiss, E. (2012): Domestication of plants in the old
  • world, 4th edn. Oxford University Press, Oxford products as aflatoxin absorbents in diets for broiler chickens. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 132(1-2): 103-110.
  • SAS (1996): SAS User’ s Guide: Statistics, 1996 edit. SAS Institue, Inc., Carry, NC.
  • Şahin, A. (2009): Effects of dietary Tribulus terrestris L. Powder on growth performance, body components and digestive system of broiler chicks. Journal of Applied Animal Research, 35(2): 193-195.
  • Tipu, M.A., Akhtar, M.S., Anjum, M.I., Raja, M.L. (2006): New dimension of medicinal plants as animal feed. Pakistan Veterinary Journal, 26(3): 144-148.
  • Toker, E., Zincirlioğlu, M., Alarslan, Ö.F. (1998): Hayvan Yetiştirme (Yemler ve Hayvan Besleme). Baran Ofset, Ankara.

COMPARISON OF PROXIMATE, FATTY ACIDS AND ELEMENT COMPOSITION OF DIFFERENT VARIETIES (CULTIVARS) AND SPECIES OF FLAX SEEDS

Year 2015, Volume: 1 Issue: 3, 124 - 134, 14.05.2015

Abdullah Öksüz , Nadire Pelin Bahadırlı Mehmet Uğur Yıldırım Ercüment Osman Sarıhan

https://doi.org/10.3153/JFHS15012

Abstract

Proximate, fatty acid, and mineral composition of different
flax species and cultivars were compared. Lipid content of wild flax was much
lower than Sarı 85 and Vera cultivars. Protein content of wild flax was also
much lower than Sarı 85 and Vera cultivars. However, moisture content of wild
flax was much higher than Sarı 85 and Vera. Linolenik asit was the major fatty
acid in all flax seeds with a different ratios. Considering the fatty acids,
palmitic, oleic and linoleic acids 
showed significant difference (P<0.05)  among the flaxseeds samples. Whereas, wild
flax species  and Sarı 85 cultivar
contained the highest level of linoleic acid compare to Vera cultivar.  Sarı 85 cultivar had highest n3:n6 ratio with
a level  of 4.1, and lowest ratio was
observed in Vera cultivar. Amoung the macro elements, K, P, Mg, and  Na were pre-dominant elements and Zn was the
most abundant element in the microelements, in particular in wild flaxseed
sample. The elements such as, P, Na, Ca, Zn, Ni and Pb  in wild flaxseed were significantly different
from Sarı 85 and Vera cultivars (P<0.05).   

Keywords

Flaxseed Fatty acids Proximate composition Minerals

References

  • Anke, M., Angelow, L., Glei, M., Muller, M., & Illing, H. (1995): The Biological Importance of Nickel in The Food-Chain. Fresenius Journal of Analytical Chemistry, 352(1-2): 92-96.
  • Bayrak, A., Kiralan, M., Ipek, A., Arslan, N., Cosge, B., & Khawar, K. M. (2010): Fatty Acid Compositions of Linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) Genotypes Of Dıfferent Orıgın Cultıvated in Turkey. Biotechnology & Biotechnological Equipment, 24(2):1836-1842.
  • Bhatty, R.S., Cherdklatgumchal, P. (1990): Compositional Analysis of Laboratory-prepared and Commercial Samples of Linseed Meal and of Hull Isolated from Flax. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 67: 79-84.
  • Bozan, B., Temelli, F. (2002). Supercritical CO2 extraction of flaxseed. Journal of the American Oil Chemists Society, 79(3), 231-235. doi: 10.1007/s11746-002-0466-x
  • Bozan, B., & Temelli, F. (2008): Chemical composition and oxidative stability of flax, safflower and poppy seed and seed oils. Bioresource Technology, 99(14): 6354-6359.
  • Brutch NB. 2002. The flax genetic resources collection held at the Vavilov Institute, Russian Federation. In: LM Maggioni, M Pavelek, LJM van Soest and E Lipman (editors). Flax Genetic Resources in Europe. IPGRI, Rome, Italy. pp. 61–65.
  • Canadian Grain Commission. (2009). Quality of western Canadian flaxseed 2009, export quality data, July 2009. Retrieved January 3,2010,from http://www.grainscanada.gc.ca/flax-lin/harvest-recolte/2009/hqf09-qrl09-eng.htm.
  • Champagne, C.M. (2008): Magnesium in Hypertension, Cardiovascular Disease, Metabolic Syndrome, and Other Conditions: A Review. Nutrition in Clinical Practice, 23(2): 142-151.
  • Davis, G.K., Mertz, W. (1987): Copper. In: Mertz, W. (Ed.), Trace Elements in Human and Animal Nutrition, vol. 2. Academic Press, Orlando, FL, pp. 301-364.
  • Davis PH (1967). Linum L. In: Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands, (Ed.: P.H. Davis). Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2: 425-450.
  • Duguid, S., Lafond, G., McAndrew, D.W., Rashid, K.Y., Ulrich, A. (2007): Growing Flax: Production, Management & Diagnostic Guide. Winnipeg, MB: Flax Council of Canada.
  • Elladi V.N. (1940): Linum usitatissimum (L.) Vav. consp. nov. – len. [Linum usitatissimum (L.) Vav. consp. nov. - flax] (In Russian). In: EV Vul’f and NI Vavilov (editors).
  • Erikson, K.M., Thompson, K., Aschner, J., Aschner, M. (2007): Manganese neurotoxicity: A focus on the neonate. Pharmacology & Therapeutics, 113(2): 369-377.
  • Ertug, F. (1998): Anadolu'nun onemli yag bitkilerinden keten/Linum ve izgin/Eruca. TUBA-AR (Turkish Academy of Sciences Journal of Archaeology) 1: 113-127.
  • Fraga, C.G. (2005): Relevance, essentiality and toxicity of trace elements in human health. Molecular Aspects of Medicine, 26(4-5):235-244.
  • Freemantle, E., Vandal, M., Tremblay-Mercier, J., Tremblay, S., Blachere, J.C., Begin, M.E., Thomas Brenna, J., Windust, A., Cunnane, S.C. (2006): Omega-3 fatty acids, energy substrates, and brain function during aging. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids, 75(3): 213-220.
  • Goldhaber, S.B. (2003): Trace element risk assessment: essentiality vs. toxicity. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology, 38(2): 232-242.
  • Güner, A., Vural, M., Duman, H., Dönmez, A., Șağban, H. (1996): The Flora of the Köyceğiz-Dalyan specially protected area (MuğlaTurkey). Doğa Türk Biyoloji Dergisi, 20: 329-371.
  • Hambidge, K.M., Miller, L.V., Westcott, J.E., Krebs, N.F. (2008): Dietary Reference Intakes for Zinc May Require Adjustment for Phytate Intake Based upon Model Predictions. Journal of Nutrition, 138(12): 2363-2366.
  • Harris, W.S., Miller, M., Tighe, A.P., Davidson, M.H., Schaefer, E.J. (2008): Omega-3 fatty acids and coronary heart disease risk: clinical and mechanistic perspectives. Atherosclerosis, 197(1):12-24.
  • Hettiarachchy, N.S., Hareland, G.A., Ostenson, A., Baldner-Shank, G. (1990): Chemical composition of eleven flaxseed varieties grown in North Dakota. Proc of the Falx Institute of the United States, Flax Institute of the United States, 36-40.
  • Heywood, V.H. (1993): Flowering Plants of the World. Oxford Univ. Press, Oxford, UK.
  • Hickey, M., King, C. (1988): 100 families of flowering plants. 2nd edition. University Press, Cambridge.
  • Hurteau, M.C. (2004): Unique new food products contain good omega fats. Journal of Food Science Education, 3(4): 52-53.
  • Khattab, R.Y., Zeitoun, M.A. (2013): Quality evaluation of flaxseed oil obtained by different extraction techniques. LWT-Food Science and Technology, 53(1): 338-345.
  • Kiralan, M., Gokpinar, F., Ipek, A., Bayrak, A., Arslan, N., Kok, M. S. (2010):Variability of fatty acid and mineral content in linseed (Linum usitatissimum) lines from a range of European sources. Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research, 8(4): 1068-1073.
  • Kul’turnaja Flora SSSR, Prjadil’nye. [Flora of Cultivated Plants of the USSR, Fibre Plants]. Vol. 5, Part 1, pp. 109–207. Sel’chozgiz, Moskva, Leningrad.
  • Life Extension Foundation for Longer Life. (2013): Advanced health and life extension. Zinc in health and Nutrition. Available online at http://www.advance-health.com/zinc/html (verified on August 22, 2013).
  • Mekebo, D., Chandravanshi, B.S. (2014): Levels of Essential and Non-Essential Metals In Linseed (Linum Usitatissimum) Cultivated In Ethiopia. Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Ethiopia, 28(3): 349-362.
  • Moraghan, J.T. (1993): Accumulation Of Cadmium And Selected Elements In Flax Seed Grown On A Calcareous Soil. Plant and Soil, 150(1): 61-68.
  • Morris, D.H. 2003. Flax: A health and nutrition primer. 3rd ed, p.11 Winnipeg: Flax Council of Canada. Downloaded from http://www.jitinc.com/flax/brochure02.pdf (verified on 4/6/12)
  • Morrison, W.R., Smith, L.M. (1964): Preparation of fatty acid methyl esters and dimethyl acetals from lipids with boron trifluoride-methanol. Journal of Lipid Research, 5: 600-608.
  • Oksuz, A., Ozyilmaz, A. (2010): Changes in Fatty Acid Compositions of Black Sea Anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus L. 1758) During Catching Season. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 10(3): 381-385.
  • Oomah, B. D., Mazza, G., & Cui, W. (1994): OPTIMIZATION OF PROTEIN EXTRACTION FROM FLAXSEED MEAL. Food Research International, 27(4): 355-361. doi: 10.1016/0963-9969(94)90191-0
  • Oomah, B.D., Mazza, G., (1993): Flaxseed proteins - a review. Food Chemistry, 48: 109-114.
  • Pan, A., Sun, J., Chen, Y., Ye, X., Li, H., Yu, Z., Wang, Y., Gu, W., Zhang, X., Chen, X., Demark-Wahnefried, W., Liu, Y., Lin, X. (2007): Effects of a FlaxseedDerived Lignan Supplement in Type 2 Diabetic Patients: A Randomized, DoubleBlind, Cross-Over Trial. PLoS ONE, 2(11).
  • Parr, R.M. (1990): Recommended Dietary Intakes of Trace Elements: Some Observations on Their Definition and Interpretation in Comparison with Actual Levels of Dietary Intake. In: H. Tomita (Ed).Trace Elements in Clinical Medicine. Springer-Verlag Tokyo. pp 325-331.
  • Robertson, K.R. (1972): The genera of Geraniaceae in the southeastern United States. Journal of the Arnold Arboretum, 53: 182-201.
  • Simopoulos, A.P. (2002): The importance of the ratio of omega-6/omega-3 essential fatty acids. Biomed Pharmacother; 56(8):365-79.
  • TUNÇTÜRK, M. (2007): Van Kosullarında Bazı Keten (Linum usitatissimum L.) Çesitlerinin Verim ve Bazı Verim Ögelerinin Belirlenmesi. Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi 2007, 13(4): 365-371.
  • TÜBİVES, Türkiye Bitkileri Veri Servisi. http://www.tubives.com/.
  • TÜİK(2015): Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu, http://www.tuik.gov.tr/Start.do. Reached in January, 2015.
  • Vromans, J. (2006): Molecular genetic studies in Flax (Linum usitatissimum L.). PhD. Thesis. Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands.
  • Wakjira, A., Labuschagne, M.T, Hugo, A. (2004): Variability in oil content and fatty acid composition of ethiopian and introduced cultivars of linseed. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 84: 601-607.
  • Yılmaz, Ö., Kaynak, G. (2006): Linum hirsutum subsp. platyphyllum stat. nova (Linaceae). Annales Botanici Fennici, 43(1): 62-63.
  • Yılmaz, Ö., Kaynak, G. (2008): A new species of Linum (Linaceae) from west Anatolia, Turkey. Botanical Journal of Linnean Society, 156: 459-462.
  • Yılmaz, Ö., Kaynak, G. (2010): A New Taxon of Linum (Linaceae) from Southwest Anatolia, Turkey. A Journal for Botanical Nomenclature, 20(4): 507-511.
  • Yılmaz, Ö., Kaynak, G., Vural, M. (2003): A new taxon of Linum (Linaceae) from NW Anatolia, Turkey. Annales Botanici Fennici 40(2): 147-150.
  • Zohary, D., Hopf, M., Weiss, E. (2012): Domestication of plants in the old
  • world, 4th edn. Oxford University Press, Oxford products as aflatoxin absorbents in diets for broiler chickens. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 132(1-2): 103-110.
  • SAS (1996): SAS User’ s Guide: Statistics, 1996 edit. SAS Institue, Inc., Carry, NC.
  • Şahin, A. (2009): Effects of dietary Tribulus terrestris L. Powder on growth performance, body components and digestive system of broiler chicks. Journal of Applied Animal Research, 35(2): 193-195.
  • Tipu, M.A., Akhtar, M.S., Anjum, M.I., Raja, M.L. (2006): New dimension of medicinal plants as animal feed. Pakistan Veterinary Journal, 26(3): 144-148.
  • Toker, E., Zincirlioğlu, M., Alarslan, Ö.F. (1998): Hayvan Yetiştirme (Yemler ve Hayvan Besleme). Baran Ofset, Ankara.
There are 54 citations in total.

Details

Journal Section Articles
Authors

Abdullah Öksüz

Nadire Pelin Bahadırlı

Mehmet Uğur Yıldırım

Ercüment Osman Sarıhan

Publication Date May 14, 2015
Submission Date March 10, 2015
Published in Issue Year 2015 Volume: 1 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Öksüz, A., Bahadırlı, N. P., Yıldırım, M. U., Sarıhan, E. O. (2015). COMPARISON OF PROXIMATE, FATTY ACIDS AND ELEMENT COMPOSITION OF DIFFERENT VARIETIES (CULTIVARS) AND SPECIES OF FLAX SEEDS. Food and Health, 1(3), 124-134. https://doi.org/10.3153/JFHS15012
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