Farklı Oranlarda Turunçgil İlave Edilen Kefirin Fiziksel, Kimyasal, Duyusal ve Organik Madde Profili
Öz
Bu çalışmanın amacı, kefirin işlevselliğinin artırılmak için turunçgil ilave edilmiştir. Kefir örneklerinin kuru madde oranları 11.04 % ile 11.75 % arasında değişmektedir. Meyve eklenmesi, kefirin süt yağı oranlarını azaltmıştır. Kefir örneklerinin pH değerleri, meyve konsantrasyonuna bağlı olarak 3.37 ile 4.08 arasında değişmektedir. Kefir örnekleri içinde greyfurt bulunanlar (%37.5), en düşük pH değerine (3.37) sahip olan kefir örnekleri arasında yer almıştır. Kefir örneklerinin 20 rpm ve 50 rpm'deki kayma hızında viskozitesi sırasıyla 0.42 Pa.s ile 2.88 Pa.s ve 0.31 ile 1.60 Pa.s arasında değişmektedir. Meyve eklennesi, kefirin viskozitesini azaltmıştır. Örneklerin DPPH* değerleri %1.21 ile %38.93 arasında değişmektedir. Turunçgiller içeren örneklerin DPPH değerleri istatistiksel olarak (p<0.01) kefir örneklerinden daha yüksektir. Portakal eklenen kefir örnekleri etanol miktarını azaltırken, greyfurt eklenmiş olan kefir örnekleri etanol miktarını artırmıştır. Düz kefir örnekleri, portakal, mandalina ve greyfurt örneklerinden daha yüksek asetik asit, butanoik asit, heksanoik asit, oktanoik asit, n-dekanoik asit, benzoik asit, benzaldehit, benzaldehit (2,5 bis), silanediyol dimetil ve benzil alkol oranlarına sahip olduğu görülmüştür. Bununla birlikte, portakal, mandalina ve greyfurt içeren kefir örneklerinin d-limonen, 1-metil benzen ve benzen 2-etil-1,3-dimetil oranları kefire göre önemli ölçüde artmıştır. Panelistler diğerlerine oranla daha çok portakal (%23 ve %37.5) ve mandalina (%37.5) kefir örneklerini tercih etmiştir. Panelistlerin greyfurt eklenmiş örnekleri diğer kefir örneklerine göre daha düşük puan vermiştir.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kefir Citrus meyveleri Aromatik organik madde Viskozite Sensör kalitesi
Kaynakça
- Al, A. and Yıldız, K. (2018). Acidity in kefir and effects of fruits on serum separation. Bilim Armonisi, 1 (1): 35-38. Arslan, S. (2015). A review: chemical, microbiological and nutritional characteristics of kefir. CyTA-Journal of Food, 13 (3): 340-345.
- Binici, H. İ., Şat, İ. G. and Aoudeh, E. (2021) The effect of different drying methods on nutritional composition and antioxidantactivity of purslane (Portulaca oleracea). Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 45 (5): 680-689.
- Dinç, A. (2008). Determination of some microbiological and chemical properties of kefir. (M. Sc. Thesis). Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey.
- Erdoğan, M. (2019). The effects of enzyme application and pastorization on aroma and aroma active compounds of fruit juice obtained from kozan misket orange. (M. Sc. Thesis). Nevsehir Haci Bektas Veli University, Nevşehir, Turkey.
- Garrote, G. L., Abraham, A. G. and De Antoni, G. L. (2001). Chemical and microbiological characterisation of kefir grains. Journal of dairy Research, 68(4): 639-652.
- Grabarczyk, M. and Korolczuk, M. (2010). Development of a simple and fast voltammetric procedure for determination of trace quantity of Se (IV) in natural lake and river water samples. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 175(1-3): 1007-1013.
- Güzel-Seydim, Z. B., Wyffels, J. T., Seydim, A. C. and Greene, A. K. (2005). Turkish kefir and kefir grains: microbial enumeration and electron microscopic observation. International Journal of Dairy Technology, 58(1): 25-29.
- Harmankaya, S., Gülbaz, G. and Kamber, U. (2019). Microbiological, chemical and sensory characteristics of kefir prepared with various fruit additives. Van Veterinary Journal, 30(1): 13-18.
- Karatepe, P., Yalçın, H., Patır, B. and Aydın, I. (2012). Kefir ve kefir mikrobiolojisi. Elektronik Mikrobiyoloji Dergisi 10: 1-10 (in Turkish).
- Karshenas, M., Goli, M. and Zamindar, N. (2018). The effect of replacing egg yolk with sesame peanut defatted meal milk on the physicocturehemical, colorimetry, and rheological properties of low cholesterol mayonnaise. Food science & nutrition, 6(4): 824-833.
- Kök-Taş, T., Seydim, A. C., Özer, B. and Guzel-Seydim, Z. B. (2013). Effects of different fermentation parameters on quality characteristics of kefir. Journal of Dairy Science, 96(2): 780-789.
- Kurt, A., Çakmakçı, S. and Çağlar, A. (2012). Süt ve Mamulleri Muayene ve Analiz Metotları Rehberi (Genişletilmiş 10. Baskı). Atatürk Üniversitesi Yayınları, 252 (in Turkish).
- Motilva, M. J., Serra, A. and Macià, A. (2013). Analysis of food polyphenols by UHPLC coupled to mass spectrometry: an overview. Journal of Chromatography A, 1292: 66-82.
- Nelson, J. A. and Trout, G. M. (1951) Judging dairy products. Olsen pubel. CO, Milwaukee Noğay, N. H. (2019). Kefir Beverage and Its Effects on Health. In Milk-based beverages (pp. 273-296). Woodhead Publishing.
- Önal, A. R., Özkan, M. and Tuna, Y. T. (2021). The Effects of season and lactation number on the composition and quality of holstein cattle raw milk. Journal of Tekirdag Agricultural Faculty, 18(2): 368-374.
- Öner, Z., Karahan, A. G. and Çakmakçı, M. L. (2010). Effects of different milk types and starter cultures on kefir. Gıda, 35: 177-182.
- Özden, A. (2008). Bio yogurt-probiotic yogurt (Kefir). Güncel Gastroenteroloji, 12(3): 169-181.
- Pripp, A. (2013). Statistics in Food Science and Nutrition. Springer, Newyork, p. 7-23.
- Randazzo, W., Corona, O., Guarcello, R., Francesca, N., Germanà, M. A., Erten, H. and Settanni, L. (2016).
- Development of new non-dairy beverages from Mediterranean fruit juices fermented with water kefir microorganisms. Food Microbiology, 54: 40-51.
- Sahin, A., Yıldırım, A., and Ulutas, Z. (2014). Relationships between somatic cell count and some raw milk paramaters of anatolian buffaloes. Journal of Tekirdag Agricultural Faculty, 11(1): 114-121.
- Soukoulis, C., Fisk, I. D. and Bohn, T. (2014). Ice cream as a vehicle for incorporating ealth-promoting ingredients: Conceptu-alization and overview of quality and storage stability. Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety, 13(4): 627-655.
- Taşkın, B. (2011). Investigation on antioxidant activities of some fermented milk products. (M. Sc. Thesis). Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey.
- Uslu G (2010). A study on microbiological, physical, chemical and organoleptic properties of kefirs, sold in Ankara market. (M. Sc. Thesis). Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey.
- Yaygın, H. (1996). Kımız and Kefir. Beslenme ve Diyet Dergisi, 25(1): 48-52.
- Yilmaz, L., Ozcan, Y. T. and Akpinar, B. A. (2006). The sensory characteristics of berry-flavoured kefir. Czech Journal of Food Sciences, 24(1): 26.
The Physical, Chemical, Sensory Properties and Aromatic Organic Substance Profile of Kefir Added Citrus Fruits in Different Proportions
Öz
This study aims to increase the functionality of plain kefir by adding citrus fruits. Dry matter ratios of kefir samples ranged from 11.04 % to 11.75 %. The addition of fruit to kefir reduced the milk-fat ratios. The pH values of kefir samples ranged from 3.37 to 4.08 depending on fruit concentration. pH values also ranged from 3.37 to 4.08 depending on fruit concentration. Kefir samples containing grapefruit (37.5 %) had the lowest pH value (3.37) among the kefir samples. The viscosity of kefir samples at 20 rpm and 50 rpm at sliding speed ranged from 0.42 Pa.s to 2.88 Pa.s and from 0.31 to 1.60 Pa.s, respectively. The addition of fruit to plain kefir was reduced its viscosity. DPPH* of samples was between 1.21 and 38.93 % DPPH of samples with citrus fruit were statistically (p<0.01) higher than that of plain kefir samples. While adding orange to plain kefir samples reduced the amount of ethanol, adding grapefruit increased its amount, conversely. Plain kefir samples had higher acetic acid, butanoic acid, hexanoic acid, octanoic acid, n-decanoic acid, benzoic acid, benzaldehyde, benzaldehyde (2,5 bis), silanediol dimethyl, and benzyl alcohol ratios than that of orange, mandarin and grapefruit samples. However, the d- limonene, 1-methyl benzene and benzene 2-ethyl-1,3-dimethyl ratios of kefir samples containing orange, mandarin and grapefruit increased significantly compared to plain kefir. Panelists preferred orange (23 % and 37.5 %) and mandarin (37.5 %) kefir samples more than the others. Panelists gave lower scores to grapefruit-added samples than the other kefir samples.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kefir Citrus fruits Aromatic organic matter Viscosity Sensory quality
Kaynakça
- Al, A. and Yıldız, K. (2018). Acidity in kefir and effects of fruits on serum separation. Bilim Armonisi, 1 (1): 35-38. Arslan, S. (2015). A review: chemical, microbiological and nutritional characteristics of kefir. CyTA-Journal of Food, 13 (3): 340-345.
- Binici, H. İ., Şat, İ. G. and Aoudeh, E. (2021) The effect of different drying methods on nutritional composition and antioxidantactivity of purslane (Portulaca oleracea). Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 45 (5): 680-689.
- Dinç, A. (2008). Determination of some microbiological and chemical properties of kefir. (M. Sc. Thesis). Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey.
- Erdoğan, M. (2019). The effects of enzyme application and pastorization on aroma and aroma active compounds of fruit juice obtained from kozan misket orange. (M. Sc. Thesis). Nevsehir Haci Bektas Veli University, Nevşehir, Turkey.
- Garrote, G. L., Abraham, A. G. and De Antoni, G. L. (2001). Chemical and microbiological characterisation of kefir grains. Journal of dairy Research, 68(4): 639-652.
- Grabarczyk, M. and Korolczuk, M. (2010). Development of a simple and fast voltammetric procedure for determination of trace quantity of Se (IV) in natural lake and river water samples. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 175(1-3): 1007-1013.
- Güzel-Seydim, Z. B., Wyffels, J. T., Seydim, A. C. and Greene, A. K. (2005). Turkish kefir and kefir grains: microbial enumeration and electron microscopic observation. International Journal of Dairy Technology, 58(1): 25-29.
- Harmankaya, S., Gülbaz, G. and Kamber, U. (2019). Microbiological, chemical and sensory characteristics of kefir prepared with various fruit additives. Van Veterinary Journal, 30(1): 13-18.
- Karatepe, P., Yalçın, H., Patır, B. and Aydın, I. (2012). Kefir ve kefir mikrobiolojisi. Elektronik Mikrobiyoloji Dergisi 10: 1-10 (in Turkish).
- Karshenas, M., Goli, M. and Zamindar, N. (2018). The effect of replacing egg yolk with sesame peanut defatted meal milk on the physicocturehemical, colorimetry, and rheological properties of low cholesterol mayonnaise. Food science & nutrition, 6(4): 824-833.
- Kök-Taş, T., Seydim, A. C., Özer, B. and Guzel-Seydim, Z. B. (2013). Effects of different fermentation parameters on quality characteristics of kefir. Journal of Dairy Science, 96(2): 780-789.
- Kurt, A., Çakmakçı, S. and Çağlar, A. (2012). Süt ve Mamulleri Muayene ve Analiz Metotları Rehberi (Genişletilmiş 10. Baskı). Atatürk Üniversitesi Yayınları, 252 (in Turkish).
- Motilva, M. J., Serra, A. and Macià, A. (2013). Analysis of food polyphenols by UHPLC coupled to mass spectrometry: an overview. Journal of Chromatography A, 1292: 66-82.
- Nelson, J. A. and Trout, G. M. (1951) Judging dairy products. Olsen pubel. CO, Milwaukee Noğay, N. H. (2019). Kefir Beverage and Its Effects on Health. In Milk-based beverages (pp. 273-296). Woodhead Publishing.
- Önal, A. R., Özkan, M. and Tuna, Y. T. (2021). The Effects of season and lactation number on the composition and quality of holstein cattle raw milk. Journal of Tekirdag Agricultural Faculty, 18(2): 368-374.
- Öner, Z., Karahan, A. G. and Çakmakçı, M. L. (2010). Effects of different milk types and starter cultures on kefir. Gıda, 35: 177-182.
- Özden, A. (2008). Bio yogurt-probiotic yogurt (Kefir). Güncel Gastroenteroloji, 12(3): 169-181.
- Pripp, A. (2013). Statistics in Food Science and Nutrition. Springer, Newyork, p. 7-23.
- Randazzo, W., Corona, O., Guarcello, R., Francesca, N., Germanà, M. A., Erten, H. and Settanni, L. (2016).
- Development of new non-dairy beverages from Mediterranean fruit juices fermented with water kefir microorganisms. Food Microbiology, 54: 40-51.
- Sahin, A., Yıldırım, A., and Ulutas, Z. (2014). Relationships between somatic cell count and some raw milk paramaters of anatolian buffaloes. Journal of Tekirdag Agricultural Faculty, 11(1): 114-121.
- Soukoulis, C., Fisk, I. D. and Bohn, T. (2014). Ice cream as a vehicle for incorporating ealth-promoting ingredients: Conceptu-alization and overview of quality and storage stability. Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety, 13(4): 627-655.
- Taşkın, B. (2011). Investigation on antioxidant activities of some fermented milk products. (M. Sc. Thesis). Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey.
- Uslu G (2010). A study on microbiological, physical, chemical and organoleptic properties of kefirs, sold in Ankara market. (M. Sc. Thesis). Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey.
- Yaygın, H. (1996). Kımız and Kefir. Beslenme ve Diyet Dergisi, 25(1): 48-52.
- Yilmaz, L., Ozcan, Y. T. and Akpinar, B. A. (2006). The sensory characteristics of berry-flavoured kefir. Czech Journal of Food Sciences, 24(1): 26.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | İngilizce |
|---|---|
| Konular | Gıda Teknolojileri |
| Bölüm | Makaleler |
| Yazarlar | |
| Erken Görünüm Tarihi | 15 Aralık 2023 |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 25 Aralık 2023 |
| Gönderilme Tarihi | 27 Aralık 2022 |
| Kabul Tarihi | 10 Haziran 2023 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2023 Cilt: 20 Sayı: 4 |
