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Chard extract increased gastric sialic acid and ameliorated oxidative stress in valproic acid-administered rats

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 2, 139 - 147, 01.04.2023

Burcin Alev , Sevim Tunalı , Ünsal Veli Üstündağ , Hazal İpekçi , Ebru Emekli Alturfan , Tuğba Tunalı-akbay , Refiye Yanardağ , Ayşen Yarat

https://doi.org/10.3153/FH23013

Öz

Valproic acid, one of the most used drugs for epilepsy patients, has some known side effects. Chard extract has many pharmacological activities. The study aims to evaluate whether valproic acid might interfere with oxidative metabolism in gastric tissue and whether chard ameliorates these effects. The Sprague Dawley rats were divided into four groups (n=8); control, chard-given control, valproic acid, and chard-given valproic acid. The aqueous extracts of chard leaves were given 1 h before the administration of valproic acid for 7 days. On the 8th day, the animals were sacrificed under anesthesia and gastric tissues were homogenized. When compared to the control group, valproic acid significantly increased malondialdehyde and catalase activity, while superoxide dismutase activity decreased. Chard administration increased glutathione and, sialic acid levels and decreased malondialdehyde levels and superoxide dismutase activity in the valproic acid group. Based on these findings, since chard increased gastric sialic acid levels, we may suggest that chard may protect gastric mucosa may be through its antioxidant effects.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Gastric tissue Valproic acid Chard Sialic acid Oxidative stress

Teşekkür

The authors would like to thank Prof. Dr. Neriman Özhatay for her help in the identification of the plant material.

Kaynakça

  • Aebi, H. (1984). Catalase in vitro. Methods Enzymology 105, 121-126. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0076-6879(84)05016-3
  • Al-Gabri, N., Elnagar, G.M., Saghir, S.A.M., El-Shaibany, A., Alnomasy, S.F., Althafar, Z.M., Elkomy, N.M.I.M., Elaasser, M.M., Abdoh, M.S., Yosri, M. (2022). Preliminary study of the gastroprotective effect of Aloe perryi and date palm extracts on pyloric ligation-induced gastric ulcer in experimental rats. BioMed Research International, 9246785. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/9246785
  • Beutler, E. (1975). Glutathione: Red cell metabolism. In: Beutler E, editor. A Manual of Biochemical Methods. New York: Grune and Stratton Inc. 112-114.
  • Bhide GP, Colley KJ. (2017). Sialylation of N-glycans: Mechanism, cellular compartmentalization and function. Histochemistry and Cell Biology 147(2), 149-174. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00418-016-1520-x
  • Brown, K., Molcan, E., Rajendiran, E., Nusrat, A., Baker, J., Ruscheinsky, S., Gibson, D. (2014). Free radicals in gastrointestinal disorders. In: Laher I, editor. Systems biology of free radicals and antioxidants. Berlin: Springer-Verlag. 1691-727.
  • Cárdenas-Rodríguez, N., Coballase-Urrutia, E., Rivera-Espinosa, L., Romero-Toledo, A., Sampieri III, A., Ortega-Cuellar, D., Montesinos-Correa, H., Floriano-Sanchez, E., Carmona-Aparicio, L. (2013). Modulation of antioxidant enzymatic activities by certain antiepileptic drugs (valproic acid, oxcarbazepine, and topiramate): Evidence in humans and experimental models. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, 598493. https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/598493
  • Chang, T.K., Abbott, F.S. (2006). Oxidative stress as a mechanism of valproic acid-associated hepatotoxicity. Drug Metabolism Reviews, 38(4), 627-639. https://doi.org/10.1080/03602530600959433
  • Chateauvieux, S., Morceau, F., Dicato, M., Diederich, M. (2010). Molecular and therapeutic potential and toxicity of valproic acid. Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, 479364. https://doi.org/10.1155/2010/479364
  • Dawud, F.A., Mabrouk, M.A., Mohammed, A., Umar, I.A. (2014). Effect of vitamins C & E on aspirin induced gastric mucosal damage and oxidative stress. Current Research Journal of Biological Sciences, 6, 36-41. https://doi.org/10.19026/CRJBS.6.5495
  • Dean, J.C., Penry, J.K. (1992). Valproate. In: Resor SR, Kutt Jr H, editor. The medical treatment of epilepsy. Florida: CRC Press, Taylor&Francis Group. 265-279. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003066736
  • Đikić, D., Jutrić, D., Dominko, K. (2017). The dual nature of the antiepileptic drug valproic acid, with possible beneficial effects in Alzheimer’s disease. Southeastern European Medical Journal, 1(1), 74-89.
  • Ertik, O., Sacan, O., Kabasakal, L., Şener, G., Yanardag, R. (2021). Protective effect of chard extract on glycoprotein compounds and advanced oxidation protein product levels in diabetic rat livers. Experimed, 11(1), 27-32. https://doi.org/10.26650/experimed.2021.879204
  • Fujii, T., Watanabe, M., Shimizu, T., Takeshima, H., Kushiro, K., Takai, M., Sakai, H. (2016). Positive regulation of the enzymatic activity of gastric H+, K+-ATPase by sialylation of its β-subunit. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)-Biomembranes, 1858(6), 1228-1235. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbamem.2016.02.029
  • Gamba, M., Raguindin, P.F., Asllanaj, E., Merlo, F., Glisic, M., Minder, B., Bussler, W., Metzger, B., Kern, H., Muka, T. (2021). Bioactive compounds and nutritional composition of swiss chard (Beta vulgaris L. var. cicla and Flavescens): A systematic review. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 61(20), 3465-3480. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2020.1799326
  • Gezginci-Oktayoglu, S., Turkyilmaz, I.B., Ercin, M., Yanardag, R., Bolkent, S. (2016). Vitamin U has a protective effect on valproic acid-induced renal damage due to its anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-fibrotic properties. Protoplasma, 253(1), 127-135. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00709-015-0796-3
  • Hussein, S.A., Karousa, M.M., Amin, A., Awadalla, M.A. (2016). Evaluation of gastroprotective effect and anti-inflammatory role of resveratrol against gastric mucosal alterations in experimental model of gastritis in rats. . International Journal of Pharma Sciences, 6(3), 1559-70.
  • Jahromi, S.R., Togha, M., Fesharaki, S.H., Najafi, M., Moghadam, N.B., Kheradmand, J.A., Kazemi, H., Gorji, A. (2011). Gastrointestinal adverse effects of antiepileptic drugs in intractable epileptic patients. Seizure, 20(4), 343-346. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seizure.2010.12.011
  • Johansson, M.E., Sjövall, H., Hansson, G.C. (2013). The gastrointestinal mucus system in health and disease. Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology, 10(6), 352-361. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrgastro.2013.35
  • Kaplan, K.A., Odabasoglu, F., Halici, Z., Halici, M., Cadirci, E., Atalay, F., Aydin, O., Cakir, A. (2012). Alpha-lipoic acid protects against indomethacin-induced gastric oxidative toxicity by modulating antioxidant system. Journal of Food Science, 77(11), H224-H230. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1750-3841.2012.02920.x
  • Kim, I., Chin, Y.W., Lim, S.W., Kim, Y.C., Kim, J. (2004). Norisoprenoids and hepatoprotective flavone glycosides from the aerial parts of Beta vulgaris var. cicla. Archives of Pharmacal Research, 27(6), 600-603. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02980156
  • Kim, J.W., Choi, C.S., Kim, K.C., Park, J.H., Seung, H., Joo, S.H., Yang, S.M., Shin, C.Y., Park, S.H. (2013). Gastrointestinal tract abnormalities induced by prenatal valproic acid exposure in rat offspring. Toxicological Research 29(3),173-179. https://doi.org/10.5487/TR.2013.29.3.173
  • Kwiecien, S., Jasnos, K., Magierowski, M., Sliwowski, Z., Pajdo, R., Brzozowski, B., Mach, T., Wojcik, D., Brzozowski, T. (2014). Lipid peroxidation, reactive oxygen species and antioxidative factors in the pathogenesis of gastric mucosal lesions and mechanism of protection against oxidative stress-induced gastric injury. Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology, 65(5), 613-622.
  • Laloo D, Prasad SK, Sairam K, Hemalatha S. (2014). Gastroprotective activity of polyphenolic-rich extract of potentilla mooniana. Pharmaceutical Biology, 52(12),1532-42. https://doi.org/10.3109/13880209.2014.905794
  • Lowry, O.H., Rosebrough, N.J., Farr, A.L., Randall, R. (1951). Protein Measurement with the Folin Phenol Reagent. The Journal of Biological Chemistry, 193(1), 265-275.
  • Myhrstad, M.C., Carlsen, H., Nordström, O., Blomhoff, R., Moskaug, J.Ø. (2002). Flavonoids increase the intracellular glutathione level by transactivation of the γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase catalytical subunit promoter. Free Radical Biology and Medicine, 32(5), 386-393. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0891-5849(01)00812-7
  • Mylorie, A.A., Collins, H., Umbles, C., Kyle, J. (1986). Erythrocyte SOD activity and other parameters of copper status in rats ingesting lead acetate. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, 82(3), 512-520. https://doi.org/10.1016/0041-008x(86)90286-3
  • Ogasawara, Y., Namai, T., Yoshino, F., Ishii, K. (2007). Sialic acid is an essential moiety of mucin as a hydroxyl radical scavenger. FEBS letters, 581(13), 2473-2477. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.febslet.2007.04.062
  • Ozsoy-Sacan, O., Karabulut-Bulan, O., Bolkent, S., Yanardag, R., Ozgey, Y. (2004). Effects of chard (Beta vulgaris L. var cicla) on the liver of the diabetic rats: A morphological and biochemical study. Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry, 68(8), 1640-1648. https://doi.org/10.1271/bbb.68.1640
  • Oztopuz, O., Turkon, H., Buyuk, B., Coskun, O., Sehitoglu, M.H., Ovali, M.A., Uzun, M. (2020). Melatonin ameliorates sodium valproate-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Molecular Biology Reports, 47(1), 317-325. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11033-019-05134-6
  • Ozturk, O., Koklu, S., Koklu, H. (2017). Recurrent gastric polyposis in a patient using antiepileptic drugs for a long time. Gastroenterology Nursing, 40(2), 152-153. https://doi.org/10.1097/SGA.0000000000000281
  • Serafim, C., Araruna, M.E., Júnior, E.A., Diniz, M., Hiruma-Lima, C., Batista, L. (2020). A review of the role of flavonoids in peptic ulcer (2010–2020). Molecules, 25(22), 5431. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25225431
  • Trifunovic, S., Topalovic, A., Knezevic, M., Vajs, V. (2015). Free radicals and antioxidants: Antioxidative and other properties of swiss chard (Beta vulgaris L. subsp. cicla). Agriculture & Forestry, 61(2), 73-92. https://doi.org/10.17707/AgricultForest.61.2.06 Tunali, S., Cimen, E.S., Yanardag, R. (2020). The effects of chard on brain damage in valproic acid-induced toxicity. Journal of Food Biochemistry, 44(10), e13382. https://doi.org/10.1111/jfbc.13382
  • Ustundag, U.V., Tunali, S., Alev, B., Ipekci, H., Emekli‐Alturfan, E., Akbay, T.T., Yanardag, R., Yarat, A.. (2015). Effects of chard (Beta vulgaris L. var cicla) on cardiac damage in valproic acid–induced toxicity. Journal of Food Biochemistry 40(2016), 132-139. https://doi.org/10.1111/jfbc.12202
  • Vona, R., Pallotta, L., Cappelletti, M., Severi, C., Matarrese, P. (2021). The impact of oxidative stress in human pathology: Focus on gastrointestinal disorders. Antioxidants, 10(2), 201. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox10020201
  • Wagner, C.E., Wheeler, K.M., Ribbeck, K. (2018). Mucins and their role in shaping the functions of mucus barriers. Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology, 34,189–215. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-cellbio-100617-062818
  • Wang, S.H., Wang, Y.Z., Zhang, K.Y., Shen, J.H., Zhou, H.Q., Qiu, X.Y. (2005). Effect of superoxide dismutase and malondialdehyde metabolic changes on carcinogenesis of gastric carcinoma. World Journal of Gastroenterology, 11(28), 4305. https://doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v11.i28.4305
  • Warren, L. (1959). The thiobarbituric acid assay of sialic acids. The Journal of Biological Chemistry, 234, 1971-75. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9258(18)69851-5
  • Yagi, K. (1984). Assay for blood plasma or serum. Methods in Enzymology, 105, 328-331. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0076-6879(84)05042-4
  • Yang, J.C., Yang, H.C., Shun, C.T., Wang, T.H., Chien, C.T., Kao, J.Y. (2013). Catechins and sialic scid attenuate Helicobacter pylori-triggered epithelial Caspase-1 activity and eradicate Helicobacter pylori infection. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2013, 248585. https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/248585

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 2, 139 - 147, 01.04.2023

Burcin Alev , Sevim Tunalı , Ünsal Veli Üstündağ , Hazal İpekçi , Ebru Emekli Alturfan , Tuğba Tunalı-akbay , Refiye Yanardağ , Ayşen Yarat

https://doi.org/10.3153/FH23013

Öz

Anahtar Kelimeler

Gastric tissue Gastric tissue valproic acid chard sialic acid oxidative stress

Kaynakça

  • Aebi, H. (1984). Catalase in vitro. Methods Enzymology 105, 121-126. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0076-6879(84)05016-3
  • Al-Gabri, N., Elnagar, G.M., Saghir, S.A.M., El-Shaibany, A., Alnomasy, S.F., Althafar, Z.M., Elkomy, N.M.I.M., Elaasser, M.M., Abdoh, M.S., Yosri, M. (2022). Preliminary study of the gastroprotective effect of Aloe perryi and date palm extracts on pyloric ligation-induced gastric ulcer in experimental rats. BioMed Research International, 9246785. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/9246785
  • Beutler, E. (1975). Glutathione: Red cell metabolism. In: Beutler E, editor. A Manual of Biochemical Methods. New York: Grune and Stratton Inc. 112-114.
  • Bhide GP, Colley KJ. (2017). Sialylation of N-glycans: Mechanism, cellular compartmentalization and function. Histochemistry and Cell Biology 147(2), 149-174. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00418-016-1520-x
  • Brown, K., Molcan, E., Rajendiran, E., Nusrat, A., Baker, J., Ruscheinsky, S., Gibson, D. (2014). Free radicals in gastrointestinal disorders. In: Laher I, editor. Systems biology of free radicals and antioxidants. Berlin: Springer-Verlag. 1691-727.
  • Cárdenas-Rodríguez, N., Coballase-Urrutia, E., Rivera-Espinosa, L., Romero-Toledo, A., Sampieri III, A., Ortega-Cuellar, D., Montesinos-Correa, H., Floriano-Sanchez, E., Carmona-Aparicio, L. (2013). Modulation of antioxidant enzymatic activities by certain antiepileptic drugs (valproic acid, oxcarbazepine, and topiramate): Evidence in humans and experimental models. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, 598493. https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/598493
  • Chang, T.K., Abbott, F.S. (2006). Oxidative stress as a mechanism of valproic acid-associated hepatotoxicity. Drug Metabolism Reviews, 38(4), 627-639. https://doi.org/10.1080/03602530600959433
  • Chateauvieux, S., Morceau, F., Dicato, M., Diederich, M. (2010). Molecular and therapeutic potential and toxicity of valproic acid. Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, 479364. https://doi.org/10.1155/2010/479364
  • Dawud, F.A., Mabrouk, M.A., Mohammed, A., Umar, I.A. (2014). Effect of vitamins C & E on aspirin induced gastric mucosal damage and oxidative stress. Current Research Journal of Biological Sciences, 6, 36-41. https://doi.org/10.19026/CRJBS.6.5495
  • Dean, J.C., Penry, J.K. (1992). Valproate. In: Resor SR, Kutt Jr H, editor. The medical treatment of epilepsy. Florida: CRC Press, Taylor&Francis Group. 265-279. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003066736
  • Đikić, D., Jutrić, D., Dominko, K. (2017). The dual nature of the antiepileptic drug valproic acid, with possible beneficial effects in Alzheimer’s disease. Southeastern European Medical Journal, 1(1), 74-89.
  • Ertik, O., Sacan, O., Kabasakal, L., Şener, G., Yanardag, R. (2021). Protective effect of chard extract on glycoprotein compounds and advanced oxidation protein product levels in diabetic rat livers. Experimed, 11(1), 27-32. https://doi.org/10.26650/experimed.2021.879204
  • Fujii, T., Watanabe, M., Shimizu, T., Takeshima, H., Kushiro, K., Takai, M., Sakai, H. (2016). Positive regulation of the enzymatic activity of gastric H+, K+-ATPase by sialylation of its β-subunit. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)-Biomembranes, 1858(6), 1228-1235. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbamem.2016.02.029
  • Gamba, M., Raguindin, P.F., Asllanaj, E., Merlo, F., Glisic, M., Minder, B., Bussler, W., Metzger, B., Kern, H., Muka, T. (2021). Bioactive compounds and nutritional composition of swiss chard (Beta vulgaris L. var. cicla and Flavescens): A systematic review. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 61(20), 3465-3480. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2020.1799326
  • Gezginci-Oktayoglu, S., Turkyilmaz, I.B., Ercin, M., Yanardag, R., Bolkent, S. (2016). Vitamin U has a protective effect on valproic acid-induced renal damage due to its anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-fibrotic properties. Protoplasma, 253(1), 127-135. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00709-015-0796-3
  • Hussein, S.A., Karousa, M.M., Amin, A., Awadalla, M.A. (2016). Evaluation of gastroprotective effect and anti-inflammatory role of resveratrol against gastric mucosal alterations in experimental model of gastritis in rats. . International Journal of Pharma Sciences, 6(3), 1559-70.
  • Jahromi, S.R., Togha, M., Fesharaki, S.H., Najafi, M., Moghadam, N.B., Kheradmand, J.A., Kazemi, H., Gorji, A. (2011). Gastrointestinal adverse effects of antiepileptic drugs in intractable epileptic patients. Seizure, 20(4), 343-346. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seizure.2010.12.011
  • Johansson, M.E., Sjövall, H., Hansson, G.C. (2013). The gastrointestinal mucus system in health and disease. Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology, 10(6), 352-361. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrgastro.2013.35
  • Kaplan, K.A., Odabasoglu, F., Halici, Z., Halici, M., Cadirci, E., Atalay, F., Aydin, O., Cakir, A. (2012). Alpha-lipoic acid protects against indomethacin-induced gastric oxidative toxicity by modulating antioxidant system. Journal of Food Science, 77(11), H224-H230. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1750-3841.2012.02920.x
  • Kim, I., Chin, Y.W., Lim, S.W., Kim, Y.C., Kim, J. (2004). Norisoprenoids and hepatoprotective flavone glycosides from the aerial parts of Beta vulgaris var. cicla. Archives of Pharmacal Research, 27(6), 600-603. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02980156
  • Kim, J.W., Choi, C.S., Kim, K.C., Park, J.H., Seung, H., Joo, S.H., Yang, S.M., Shin, C.Y., Park, S.H. (2013). Gastrointestinal tract abnormalities induced by prenatal valproic acid exposure in rat offspring. Toxicological Research 29(3),173-179. https://doi.org/10.5487/TR.2013.29.3.173
  • Kwiecien, S., Jasnos, K., Magierowski, M., Sliwowski, Z., Pajdo, R., Brzozowski, B., Mach, T., Wojcik, D., Brzozowski, T. (2014). Lipid peroxidation, reactive oxygen species and antioxidative factors in the pathogenesis of gastric mucosal lesions and mechanism of protection against oxidative stress-induced gastric injury. Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology, 65(5), 613-622.
  • Laloo D, Prasad SK, Sairam K, Hemalatha S. (2014). Gastroprotective activity of polyphenolic-rich extract of potentilla mooniana. Pharmaceutical Biology, 52(12),1532-42. https://doi.org/10.3109/13880209.2014.905794
  • Lowry, O.H., Rosebrough, N.J., Farr, A.L., Randall, R. (1951). Protein Measurement with the Folin Phenol Reagent. The Journal of Biological Chemistry, 193(1), 265-275.
  • Myhrstad, M.C., Carlsen, H., Nordström, O., Blomhoff, R., Moskaug, J.Ø. (2002). Flavonoids increase the intracellular glutathione level by transactivation of the γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase catalytical subunit promoter. Free Radical Biology and Medicine, 32(5), 386-393. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0891-5849(01)00812-7
  • Mylorie, A.A., Collins, H., Umbles, C., Kyle, J. (1986). Erythrocyte SOD activity and other parameters of copper status in rats ingesting lead acetate. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, 82(3), 512-520. https://doi.org/10.1016/0041-008x(86)90286-3
  • Ogasawara, Y., Namai, T., Yoshino, F., Ishii, K. (2007). Sialic acid is an essential moiety of mucin as a hydroxyl radical scavenger. FEBS letters, 581(13), 2473-2477. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.febslet.2007.04.062
  • Ozsoy-Sacan, O., Karabulut-Bulan, O., Bolkent, S., Yanardag, R., Ozgey, Y. (2004). Effects of chard (Beta vulgaris L. var cicla) on the liver of the diabetic rats: A morphological and biochemical study. Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry, 68(8), 1640-1648. https://doi.org/10.1271/bbb.68.1640
  • Oztopuz, O., Turkon, H., Buyuk, B., Coskun, O., Sehitoglu, M.H., Ovali, M.A., Uzun, M. (2020). Melatonin ameliorates sodium valproate-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Molecular Biology Reports, 47(1), 317-325. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11033-019-05134-6
  • Ozturk, O., Koklu, S., Koklu, H. (2017). Recurrent gastric polyposis in a patient using antiepileptic drugs for a long time. Gastroenterology Nursing, 40(2), 152-153. https://doi.org/10.1097/SGA.0000000000000281
  • Serafim, C., Araruna, M.E., Júnior, E.A., Diniz, M., Hiruma-Lima, C., Batista, L. (2020). A review of the role of flavonoids in peptic ulcer (2010–2020). Molecules, 25(22), 5431. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25225431
  • Trifunovic, S., Topalovic, A., Knezevic, M., Vajs, V. (2015). Free radicals and antioxidants: Antioxidative and other properties of swiss chard (Beta vulgaris L. subsp. cicla). Agriculture & Forestry, 61(2), 73-92. https://doi.org/10.17707/AgricultForest.61.2.06 Tunali, S., Cimen, E.S., Yanardag, R. (2020). The effects of chard on brain damage in valproic acid-induced toxicity. Journal of Food Biochemistry, 44(10), e13382. https://doi.org/10.1111/jfbc.13382
  • Ustundag, U.V., Tunali, S., Alev, B., Ipekci, H., Emekli‐Alturfan, E., Akbay, T.T., Yanardag, R., Yarat, A.. (2015). Effects of chard (Beta vulgaris L. var cicla) on cardiac damage in valproic acid–induced toxicity. Journal of Food Biochemistry 40(2016), 132-139. https://doi.org/10.1111/jfbc.12202
  • Vona, R., Pallotta, L., Cappelletti, M., Severi, C., Matarrese, P. (2021). The impact of oxidative stress in human pathology: Focus on gastrointestinal disorders. Antioxidants, 10(2), 201. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox10020201
  • Wagner, C.E., Wheeler, K.M., Ribbeck, K. (2018). Mucins and their role in shaping the functions of mucus barriers. Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology, 34,189–215. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-cellbio-100617-062818
  • Wang, S.H., Wang, Y.Z., Zhang, K.Y., Shen, J.H., Zhou, H.Q., Qiu, X.Y. (2005). Effect of superoxide dismutase and malondialdehyde metabolic changes on carcinogenesis of gastric carcinoma. World Journal of Gastroenterology, 11(28), 4305. https://doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v11.i28.4305
  • Warren, L. (1959). The thiobarbituric acid assay of sialic acids. The Journal of Biological Chemistry, 234, 1971-75. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9258(18)69851-5
  • Yagi, K. (1984). Assay for blood plasma or serum. Methods in Enzymology, 105, 328-331. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0076-6879(84)05042-4
  • Yang, J.C., Yang, H.C., Shun, C.T., Wang, T.H., Chien, C.T., Kao, J.Y. (2013). Catechins and sialic scid attenuate Helicobacter pylori-triggered epithelial Caspase-1 activity and eradicate Helicobacter pylori infection. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2013, 248585. https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/248585
Toplam 39 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Yapısal Biyoloji , Klinik Tıp Bilimleri
Bölüm Research Articles
Yazarlar

Burcin Alev 0000-0001-5122-4977

Sevim Tunalı 0000-0003-3363-1290

Ünsal Veli Üstündağ 0000-0003-0804-1475

Hazal İpekçi 0000-0003-1193-168X

Ebru Emekli Alturfan 0000-0003-2419-8587

Tuğba Tunalı-akbay 0000-0002-2091-9298

Refiye Yanardağ 0000-0003-4185-4363

Ayşen Yarat 0000-0002-8258-6118

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Nisan 2023
Gönderilme Tarihi 16 Aralık 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023Cilt: 9 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Alev, B., Tunalı, S., Üstündağ, Ü. V., İpekçi, H., vd. (2023). Chard extract increased gastric sialic acid and ameliorated oxidative stress in valproic acid-administered rats. Food and Health, 9(2), 139-147. https://doi.org/10.3153/FH23013
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