BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

Efficacy of gaseous ozone at high concentrations against Plodia interpunctella (Hübner) and Ephestia cautella (Walker) in Almond

Yıl 2015, Cilt: 39 Sayı: 2, 187 - 198, 23.02.2015
https://doi.org/10.16970/ted.76791

Öz

In this study efficacy of gaseous ozone at high concentrations and short exposure time against all life stages of Plodia interpunctella (Hübner) ve Ephestia cautella (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in almond was investigated under laboratory conditions. All life stages of E. cautella and P. interpunctella placed at the top and bottom position of 1.3 kg almond in fumigation chamber were exposed to two different concentrations (8.35 and 33.33 mg/l) of ozone flush treatment at 30 minute intervals for 6 hour. The results of biological tests indicated that ozone treatment at 33.33 mg/l concentration resulted in % 100 or nearly % 100 mortalities of only adult and pupa stage of E. cautella and all life stages of P. interpunctella placed at top position of the almond. However, ozone treatments at lower concentration (8.35 mg/l) caused nearly % 100 mortalities of only adult and pupa stage of P. interpunctella at placed at top position of the almond. It was clear that ozone treatments at low concentration (8.35 mg/l) resulted in significantly lower mortalities of all life stages of E. cautella and P. interpunctella than those at high concentration (33.33 mg/l). Generally, in all ozone treatments the mortalities of tested insects placed at top position of the almond were higher than those placed at bottom position of the almond. Notably, it was hard to kill the larvae and eggs of E. cautella and P. interpunctella placed at bottom position of the almond. Moreover, it was found that E. cautella was more tolerant to ozone treatments than P. interpunctella except their egg stage. In conclusion, this study shows that ozone treatment at high concentrations and short exposure time could not be effective alternative to methyl bromide for the rapid disinfestations of the almonds since it did not cause the complete mortality of all life stages of E. cautella and P. interpunctella on almond.

Kaynakça

  • Achen, M. & A.E. Yousef, 2001. Efficacy of ozone against Escherichia coli O157:H7 on apples. Journal of Food Science, 66: 1380-1384.
  • Aksoy, U., K.B. Meyvaci, F. Şen & A. Altındişli, 2003. Impact of fumigants applied to control storage pests on fruit quality of dried figs. IOBC/WPRS Bulletin, 27: 203-209.
  • Alavanja, J.C.R., A. Blair & M.N. Masters, 1990. Cancer mortality in the U.S. flour industry. Journal of National Cancer Institute, 82: 840-848.
  • Anonymous, 2004.The regulation to amend the phase-out methyl bromide. Official Gazette of Turkish Republic, 25427.
  • Anonymous, 2009. FAO Agriculture Production Statistics. (Web page: http://faostat3.fao.org) (Erişim tarihi: Ocak 2015).
  • Athanassiou, C.G., D.N. Milonas, C.J. Sait, 2008. “Insecticidal effect of ozone against Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) (Coleoptera: Bostrychidae), Sitophilus oryzea (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) and Tribolium confusum Jacquelin Du Val (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae): Influence of Commodity, 61-71”. In: Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Controlled Atmosphere and Fumigation in Stored Products (Eds. G .Daolinc, S. Navarro, Y. Jian, T. Cheng, J. Zuxun, L. Yue, L. Yang & W. Haipeng). Chengdu, China, Sichuan Publishing House of Science & Technology, 738 p.
  • Damarlı, E., H. Gün, G. Özay, S. Bülbül & P. Oechsle, 1997. An alternative method instead of methyl bromide for insect disinfestations on dried figs: Controlled atmosphere. Acta Horticulture, 480: 209-215.
  • Bell, C.H., 2000. Fumigation in the 21 st Century. Crop Protection, 19: 563-569.
  • Beltran, D., M.V. Selma, A. Marin & M.I. Gil, 2005. Ozonated water extends the shelf life of fresh-cut lettuce. Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry, 53: 5654-5663.
  • Champ, B.R. & C.E. Dyte, 1976. Report of the FAO global survey of pesticide susceptibility of stored grain pests. Food and Agriculture Organization Plant Protection Service. Series No. 5, FAO Rome, 297p.
  • Erdman, H.E., 1980. Ozone toxicity during ontogeny of two species of flour beetles, Tribolium confusum and T. castaneum. Environmental Entomology, 9: 16-17.
  • Escriche, I., J.A. Serra, M. Gomez & M.J. Galotto, 2001. Effect of ozone treatment and storage temperature on physicochemical properties of mushrooms (Agaris bisporus). Food Science and Technology International, 7: 251-258.
  • Ferizli, A.G. & M. Emekci, 2010. “Depolanmış ürün zararlılarıyla savaşım, sorunlar ve çözüm yolları, 579-587”. TMMOB Ziraat Mühendisleri Odası Ziraat Mühendisliği VII. Teknik Kongresi, 11-15 Ocak 2010, Ankara, Bildiriler Kitabı 2, 1300 s.
  • Fields, P.G. & N.D.G. White, 2002. Alternatives to methyl bromide treatments for stored-product and quarantine insects. Annual Review of Entomology, 47: 331-359.
  • Garry, V.F., R.L. Nelson, J. Griffith & M. Haskins, 1990. Preparation of human study of pesticide applicators: sister chromatid exchanges and chromosome aberrations in cultured human lymphocytes exposed to selected fumigants. Teratogenesis, Carcinogenesis, and Mutagenesis, 10: 21-29.
  • Güzel-Seydim, Z.B., A.K. Greene & A.C. Seydim, 2004. Use of ozone in food industry. Lebensmittel-Wissenschaft, 37: 453-460.
  • Hwang, E.S., J.N. Cash & M.J. Zabik, 2001. Postharvest treatments for the reduction of mancozeb in fresh apples. Journal of Agricultural Food Chemistry, 49: 3127-3132.
  • Isikber, A.A., S. Oztekin, R. Ulusoy, S. Ozsoy & A. Karcı, 2007. Effectiveness of gaseous ozone alone and in combination with low pressure or carbon dioxide against Ephestia kuehniella (Zell.) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) at short exposure time. OIBC/SROP Bulletin, 30: 205-213.
  • Isikber, A.A. & S. Öztekin, 2009. Comparison of susceptibility of two stored-product insects, Ephestia kuehniella Zeller and Tribolium confusum du Val to gaseous ozone. Journal of Stored Products Research, 45: 159-164.
  • Johnson, J.A., K.A. Valero, M.M. Hannel & R.F. Gill, 2000. Seasonal occurrence of postharvest dried fruit insects and their parasitoids in a culled fig warehouse. Journal of Economic Entomology, 93: 1380-1390.
  • Johnson, J.A., S. Wang, & J. Tang, 2003. Thermal death kinetics of fifth-instar Plodia interpunctella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Journal of Economic Entomology, 96: 519-524.
  • Kells, S.A., L.J. Mason, D.E. Maier & C.P. Woloshuk, 2001. Efficacy and fumigation characteristics of ozone in stored maize. Journal of Stored Products Research, 37: 371-382.
  • Kim, J.G., A.E. Yousef & S. Dave, 1999. Application of ozone for enchaining the microbial safety and quality of foods. A review. Journal of Food Protection, 62: 1071-1087.
  • Kim, J.G. & A.E. Yousef, 2000. Inactivation kinetics of foodborne spoilage and pathogenic bacteria by ozone. Journal of Food Science, 65: 521-528.
  • Kim, J.G., A.E. Yousef, & M.A. Khadre, 2003. Ozone and its current and future application in food industry. Advances in Food and Nutrition Research, 45: 167-218.
  • Leesch, J.G., 2003. “The mortality of stored-product insects following exposure to gaseous ozone at high concentrations, 827-831”. In: Advances in Stored Product Protection, Proceedings of the 8th International Working Conference on Stored-Product Protection (Eds. P.F. Credland, D.M. Armitage, C.H. Bell, P.M. Cogan & E. Highley). York. CAB International, Oxon, UK., 1071 p.
  • MBTOC., 1998. Assessment of Alternatives to Methyl Bromide. Nairobi, Kenya: UN Environment Commission, Ozone Secretariat, 374s.
  • Mason, L.J., C.P. Woloshuk & D.E. Maier, 1997. “Efficacy of ozone to control insects, moulds and mycotoxins, 665- 670”. In: Proceedings of the International Conference on Controlled Atmosphere and Fumigation in Stored Products (Eds. E.J. Donahaye, S. Navarro & A. Varnava). Nicosia, Cyprus Printer Ltd., Nicosia, 700 p.
  • Mcdonough, M., L. Mason & C. Woloshuk, 2011. Susceptibility of stored product insects to high concentrations of ozone at different concentration intervals. Journal of Stored Products Research, 47: 306-310.
  • Mendez, F., D.E. Maier, L.J. Mason & C.P. Woloshuk, 2003. Penetration of ozone into columns of stored grains and effects on chemical composition and processing performance. Journal of Stored Products Research, 39: 33- 44. Meunpol, O., K. Lopinyosiri & P. Menasveta, 2003. The effects of ozone and probiotics on the survival of black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon). Aquaculture, 220: 43–48.
  • Ong, K.C., J.N. Cash, M.J. Zabik, M. Siddiq & A.L. Jones, 1996. Chlorine and ozone washes for pesticide removal from apples and processed apple sauce. Food Chemistry, 55: 153-160.
  • Ozkan, C., 2006. Laboratory rearing of the solitary egg-larval parasitoid, Chelonus oculator Panzer (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) on a newly recorded factitious host Plodia interpunctella (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Journal of Pest Science, 79: 27-29.
  • Öztekin, S., B. Zorlugenç & F. Kıroğlu Zorlugenç, 2006. Effects of ozone treatment on microflora of dried figs. Journal of Food Engineering, 75: 396-399.
  • Rahman, M.M., H.L. Roberts, M. Sarjan, S. Asgari & O. Schmidt, 2004. Induction and transmission of Bacillus thuringiensis tolerance in the flour moth Ephestia kuehniella. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 101: 2696-2699. SAS Ins., 1989. SAS / STATR User’s Guide, Version 6, 4th Ed. SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC.
  • Schneider, S.M., E.N. Rosskopf, J.G. Leesch, D.O. Chellemi, C.T. Bull & M. Mazzola, 2003. Research on alternatives to methyl bromide: pre-plant and post-harvest. Pest Management Science, 59: 814-826.
  • Sharma, R.R., A. Demirci, L.R. Beuchat & W.F. Fett, 2002. In activation of Escherichia coli O157:H7 on inoculated alfalfa seeds with ozonated water and heat treatment. Journal of Food Protection, 65: 447-451.
  • Sousa, A.H., L.R. D’ A. Faroni, A.de M. Pereira, F.da S. Cardoso, & E. Heberle, 2006. “Influence of grain mass temperature on ozone toxicity to Sitophilus zeamais (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), 706-710”. In: Proceedings of the 9th International Working Conference on Stored Product Protection (Eds. I. Lorini et al.). 15-18 October 2006, São Paulo, Brazil. Brazilian Post-harvest Association ABRAPOS, Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil, 1359 pp.
  • Yasan, E. & G. Kiper, 1972. Doğu Karadeniz Bölgesi fındık depolarında ekonomik zararlara neden olan Cadra cautella Walk. ve Plodia interpunctella Hb.’ nın biyolojileri, zarar nisbetleri ve mücadeleleri üzerinde araştırmalar. Zirai Mücadele Araştırma Yıllığı, 71-73s.
  • Yavuz, G.G., 2011. Badem. Tarımsal Ekonomi ve Politika Geliştirme Enstitüsü, TEPGE Bakış. ISSN:1303-8346, Nüsha:6, Temmuz 2011, 8 s.
  • Zettler, J.L., W.R. Halliday & F.H. Arthur, 1989. Phosphine resistance in insects infesting stored peanuts in the southeastern United States. Journal of Economic Entomology, 82: 1508-1511.
  • Zettler, J.L. & G.W. Cuperus, 1990. Pesticide resistance in Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) and Rhyzopertha dominica (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae) in wheat. Journal of Economic Entomology, 83: 1677-1681.
  • Zettler, J.L., & F.H. Arthur, Chemical control of stored product insects with fumigants and residual treatments, Crop Protection, 19: 577-582.
  • Xu, L., 1999. Use of ozone to improve the safety of fresh fruits and vegetables. Food Technology, 53: 58-63

Bademde yüksek konsantrasyonlarda ozon gazı uygulamasının Plodia interpunctella (Hübner) ve Ephestia cautella (Walker)’ ya karşı etkinliği

Yıl 2015, Cilt: 39 Sayı: 2, 187 - 198, 23.02.2015
https://doi.org/10.16970/ted.76791

Öz

Bu çalışmada laboratuvar koşullarında bademde kısa uygulama süresinde ve yüksek konsantrasyonda ozon gazı uygulamasının Ephestia cautella (Walker) ve Plodia interpunctella (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)’ nın tüm biyolojik dönemlerine karşı biyolojik etkinliği araştırılmıştır. Fümigasyon çemberi içerisinde 1.3 kg kabuklu bademin üst ve alt kısmına yerleştirilen E. cautella ve P. interpunctella’nın tüm biyolojik dönemleri 6 saat süresince yarım saat aralıkla iki farklı konsantrasyonda (8.35 and 33.33 mg/l) ozon gazı sirkülasyonuna maruz bırakılmıştır. Biyolojik testler sonucunda 33.33 mg/l konsantrasyonda ozon gazı uygulamasında ürünün üst kısmına yerleştirilen E. cautella’ nın yalnızca ergin ve pupaların, P. interpunctella’nın ise tüm biyolojik dönemlerin 100 % ya da 100 % yakın ölümleri elde edilmiştir. Bunun yanında daha düşük konsantrasyonda (8.35 mg/l) ozon gaz uygulamasında ise yalnızca ürünün üst kısmına yerleştirilen P. interpunctella’ nın ergin ve pupaların 100 % yakın ölümleri elde edilmiştir. Açık bir şekilde düşük konsantrasyonda (8.35 mg/l) ozon gazı uygulamasında E. cautella ve P. interpunctella’nın tüm biyolojik dönemlerine ait ölüm oranları yüksek konsantrasyonda (33.33 mg/l) ozon gazı uygulamasındakilerden istatistiki olarak önemli derecede daha düşük olduğu görülmüştür. Genel olarak tüm ozon gazı uygulamasında ürünün üst kısmına yerleştirilen böceklerin ölüm oranları alt kısma yerleştirilen böceklerinkinden daha yüksek olduğu bulunmuştur. Özellikle ürünlerin alt kısmına yerleştirilen E. cautella ve P. interpunctella larvalarını ve yumurtalarını tamamen öldürmenin çok güç olduğu görülmüştür. Ayrıca, bu çalışmada yumurta dönemi hariç E. cautella‘nın genellikle P. interpunctella‘ya göre ozon gazına daha dayanıklı olduğu belirlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak yüksek konsantrasyonda ozon gazı uygulamasının kısa uygulama süresinde bademde E. cautella ve P. interpunctella’nın tüm biyolojik dönemlerini tamamen kontrol edememesinden dolayı ozon gazının ürünlerin böcek bulaşmalarından hızlı bir şekilde arındırılmasında metil bromide potansiyel bir alternatif olamayacağı görülmektedir.

Kaynakça

  • Achen, M. & A.E. Yousef, 2001. Efficacy of ozone against Escherichia coli O157:H7 on apples. Journal of Food Science, 66: 1380-1384.
  • Aksoy, U., K.B. Meyvaci, F. Şen & A. Altındişli, 2003. Impact of fumigants applied to control storage pests on fruit quality of dried figs. IOBC/WPRS Bulletin, 27: 203-209.
  • Alavanja, J.C.R., A. Blair & M.N. Masters, 1990. Cancer mortality in the U.S. flour industry. Journal of National Cancer Institute, 82: 840-848.
  • Anonymous, 2004.The regulation to amend the phase-out methyl bromide. Official Gazette of Turkish Republic, 25427.
  • Anonymous, 2009. FAO Agriculture Production Statistics. (Web page: http://faostat3.fao.org) (Erişim tarihi: Ocak 2015).
  • Athanassiou, C.G., D.N. Milonas, C.J. Sait, 2008. “Insecticidal effect of ozone against Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) (Coleoptera: Bostrychidae), Sitophilus oryzea (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) and Tribolium confusum Jacquelin Du Val (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae): Influence of Commodity, 61-71”. In: Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Controlled Atmosphere and Fumigation in Stored Products (Eds. G .Daolinc, S. Navarro, Y. Jian, T. Cheng, J. Zuxun, L. Yue, L. Yang & W. Haipeng). Chengdu, China, Sichuan Publishing House of Science & Technology, 738 p.
  • Damarlı, E., H. Gün, G. Özay, S. Bülbül & P. Oechsle, 1997. An alternative method instead of methyl bromide for insect disinfestations on dried figs: Controlled atmosphere. Acta Horticulture, 480: 209-215.
  • Bell, C.H., 2000. Fumigation in the 21 st Century. Crop Protection, 19: 563-569.
  • Beltran, D., M.V. Selma, A. Marin & M.I. Gil, 2005. Ozonated water extends the shelf life of fresh-cut lettuce. Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry, 53: 5654-5663.
  • Champ, B.R. & C.E. Dyte, 1976. Report of the FAO global survey of pesticide susceptibility of stored grain pests. Food and Agriculture Organization Plant Protection Service. Series No. 5, FAO Rome, 297p.
  • Erdman, H.E., 1980. Ozone toxicity during ontogeny of two species of flour beetles, Tribolium confusum and T. castaneum. Environmental Entomology, 9: 16-17.
  • Escriche, I., J.A. Serra, M. Gomez & M.J. Galotto, 2001. Effect of ozone treatment and storage temperature on physicochemical properties of mushrooms (Agaris bisporus). Food Science and Technology International, 7: 251-258.
  • Ferizli, A.G. & M. Emekci, 2010. “Depolanmış ürün zararlılarıyla savaşım, sorunlar ve çözüm yolları, 579-587”. TMMOB Ziraat Mühendisleri Odası Ziraat Mühendisliği VII. Teknik Kongresi, 11-15 Ocak 2010, Ankara, Bildiriler Kitabı 2, 1300 s.
  • Fields, P.G. & N.D.G. White, 2002. Alternatives to methyl bromide treatments for stored-product and quarantine insects. Annual Review of Entomology, 47: 331-359.
  • Garry, V.F., R.L. Nelson, J. Griffith & M. Haskins, 1990. Preparation of human study of pesticide applicators: sister chromatid exchanges and chromosome aberrations in cultured human lymphocytes exposed to selected fumigants. Teratogenesis, Carcinogenesis, and Mutagenesis, 10: 21-29.
  • Güzel-Seydim, Z.B., A.K. Greene & A.C. Seydim, 2004. Use of ozone in food industry. Lebensmittel-Wissenschaft, 37: 453-460.
  • Hwang, E.S., J.N. Cash & M.J. Zabik, 2001. Postharvest treatments for the reduction of mancozeb in fresh apples. Journal of Agricultural Food Chemistry, 49: 3127-3132.
  • Isikber, A.A., S. Oztekin, R. Ulusoy, S. Ozsoy & A. Karcı, 2007. Effectiveness of gaseous ozone alone and in combination with low pressure or carbon dioxide against Ephestia kuehniella (Zell.) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) at short exposure time. OIBC/SROP Bulletin, 30: 205-213.
  • Isikber, A.A. & S. Öztekin, 2009. Comparison of susceptibility of two stored-product insects, Ephestia kuehniella Zeller and Tribolium confusum du Val to gaseous ozone. Journal of Stored Products Research, 45: 159-164.
  • Johnson, J.A., K.A. Valero, M.M. Hannel & R.F. Gill, 2000. Seasonal occurrence of postharvest dried fruit insects and their parasitoids in a culled fig warehouse. Journal of Economic Entomology, 93: 1380-1390.
  • Johnson, J.A., S. Wang, & J. Tang, 2003. Thermal death kinetics of fifth-instar Plodia interpunctella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Journal of Economic Entomology, 96: 519-524.
  • Kells, S.A., L.J. Mason, D.E. Maier & C.P. Woloshuk, 2001. Efficacy and fumigation characteristics of ozone in stored maize. Journal of Stored Products Research, 37: 371-382.
  • Kim, J.G., A.E. Yousef & S. Dave, 1999. Application of ozone for enchaining the microbial safety and quality of foods. A review. Journal of Food Protection, 62: 1071-1087.
  • Kim, J.G. & A.E. Yousef, 2000. Inactivation kinetics of foodborne spoilage and pathogenic bacteria by ozone. Journal of Food Science, 65: 521-528.
  • Kim, J.G., A.E. Yousef, & M.A. Khadre, 2003. Ozone and its current and future application in food industry. Advances in Food and Nutrition Research, 45: 167-218.
  • Leesch, J.G., 2003. “The mortality of stored-product insects following exposure to gaseous ozone at high concentrations, 827-831”. In: Advances in Stored Product Protection, Proceedings of the 8th International Working Conference on Stored-Product Protection (Eds. P.F. Credland, D.M. Armitage, C.H. Bell, P.M. Cogan & E. Highley). York. CAB International, Oxon, UK., 1071 p.
  • MBTOC., 1998. Assessment of Alternatives to Methyl Bromide. Nairobi, Kenya: UN Environment Commission, Ozone Secretariat, 374s.
  • Mason, L.J., C.P. Woloshuk & D.E. Maier, 1997. “Efficacy of ozone to control insects, moulds and mycotoxins, 665- 670”. In: Proceedings of the International Conference on Controlled Atmosphere and Fumigation in Stored Products (Eds. E.J. Donahaye, S. Navarro & A. Varnava). Nicosia, Cyprus Printer Ltd., Nicosia, 700 p.
  • Mcdonough, M., L. Mason & C. Woloshuk, 2011. Susceptibility of stored product insects to high concentrations of ozone at different concentration intervals. Journal of Stored Products Research, 47: 306-310.
  • Mendez, F., D.E. Maier, L.J. Mason & C.P. Woloshuk, 2003. Penetration of ozone into columns of stored grains and effects on chemical composition and processing performance. Journal of Stored Products Research, 39: 33- 44. Meunpol, O., K. Lopinyosiri & P. Menasveta, 2003. The effects of ozone and probiotics on the survival of black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon). Aquaculture, 220: 43–48.
  • Ong, K.C., J.N. Cash, M.J. Zabik, M. Siddiq & A.L. Jones, 1996. Chlorine and ozone washes for pesticide removal from apples and processed apple sauce. Food Chemistry, 55: 153-160.
  • Ozkan, C., 2006. Laboratory rearing of the solitary egg-larval parasitoid, Chelonus oculator Panzer (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) on a newly recorded factitious host Plodia interpunctella (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Journal of Pest Science, 79: 27-29.
  • Öztekin, S., B. Zorlugenç & F. Kıroğlu Zorlugenç, 2006. Effects of ozone treatment on microflora of dried figs. Journal of Food Engineering, 75: 396-399.
  • Rahman, M.M., H.L. Roberts, M. Sarjan, S. Asgari & O. Schmidt, 2004. Induction and transmission of Bacillus thuringiensis tolerance in the flour moth Ephestia kuehniella. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 101: 2696-2699. SAS Ins., 1989. SAS / STATR User’s Guide, Version 6, 4th Ed. SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC.
  • Schneider, S.M., E.N. Rosskopf, J.G. Leesch, D.O. Chellemi, C.T. Bull & M. Mazzola, 2003. Research on alternatives to methyl bromide: pre-plant and post-harvest. Pest Management Science, 59: 814-826.
  • Sharma, R.R., A. Demirci, L.R. Beuchat & W.F. Fett, 2002. In activation of Escherichia coli O157:H7 on inoculated alfalfa seeds with ozonated water and heat treatment. Journal of Food Protection, 65: 447-451.
  • Sousa, A.H., L.R. D’ A. Faroni, A.de M. Pereira, F.da S. Cardoso, & E. Heberle, 2006. “Influence of grain mass temperature on ozone toxicity to Sitophilus zeamais (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), 706-710”. In: Proceedings of the 9th International Working Conference on Stored Product Protection (Eds. I. Lorini et al.). 15-18 October 2006, São Paulo, Brazil. Brazilian Post-harvest Association ABRAPOS, Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil, 1359 pp.
  • Yasan, E. & G. Kiper, 1972. Doğu Karadeniz Bölgesi fındık depolarında ekonomik zararlara neden olan Cadra cautella Walk. ve Plodia interpunctella Hb.’ nın biyolojileri, zarar nisbetleri ve mücadeleleri üzerinde araştırmalar. Zirai Mücadele Araştırma Yıllığı, 71-73s.
  • Yavuz, G.G., 2011. Badem. Tarımsal Ekonomi ve Politika Geliştirme Enstitüsü, TEPGE Bakış. ISSN:1303-8346, Nüsha:6, Temmuz 2011, 8 s.
  • Zettler, J.L., W.R. Halliday & F.H. Arthur, 1989. Phosphine resistance in insects infesting stored peanuts in the southeastern United States. Journal of Economic Entomology, 82: 1508-1511.
  • Zettler, J.L. & G.W. Cuperus, 1990. Pesticide resistance in Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) and Rhyzopertha dominica (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae) in wheat. Journal of Economic Entomology, 83: 1677-1681.
  • Zettler, J.L., & F.H. Arthur, Chemical control of stored product insects with fumigants and residual treatments, Crop Protection, 19: 577-582.
  • Xu, L., 1999. Use of ozone to improve the safety of fresh fruits and vegetables. Food Technology, 53: 58-63
Toplam 43 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Ali Arda Işıkber

M. Serdar Öztekin

K. Sinan Dayısoylu

Ahmet Duman

Selda Eroğlu Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 23 Şubat 2015
Gönderilme Tarihi 23 Şubat 2015
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2015 Cilt: 39 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Işıkber, A. A., Öztekin, M. S., Dayısoylu, K. S., Duman, A., vd. (2015). Efficacy of gaseous ozone at high concentrations against Plodia interpunctella (Hübner) and Ephestia cautella (Walker) in Almond. Turkish Journal of Entomology, 39(2), 187-198. https://doi.org/10.16970/ted.76791
AMA Işıkber AA, Öztekin MS, Dayısoylu KS, Duman A, Eroğlu S. Efficacy of gaseous ozone at high concentrations against Plodia interpunctella (Hübner) and Ephestia cautella (Walker) in Almond. TED. Haziran 2015;39(2):187-198. doi:10.16970/ted.76791
Chicago Işıkber, Ali Arda, M. Serdar Öztekin, K. Sinan Dayısoylu, Ahmet Duman, ve Selda Eroğlu. “Efficacy of Gaseous Ozone at High Concentrations Against Plodia Interpunctella (Hübner) and Ephestia Cautella (Walker) in Almond”. Turkish Journal of Entomology 39, sy. 2 (Haziran 2015): 187-98. https://doi.org/10.16970/ted.76791.
EndNote Işıkber AA, Öztekin MS, Dayısoylu KS, Duman A, Eroğlu S (01 Haziran 2015) Efficacy of gaseous ozone at high concentrations against Plodia interpunctella (Hübner) and Ephestia cautella (Walker) in Almond. Turkish Journal of Entomology 39 2 187–198.
IEEE A. A. Işıkber, M. S. Öztekin, K. S. Dayısoylu, A. Duman, ve S. Eroğlu, “Efficacy of gaseous ozone at high concentrations against Plodia interpunctella (Hübner) and Ephestia cautella (Walker) in Almond”, TED, c. 39, sy. 2, ss. 187–198, 2015, doi: 10.16970/ted.76791.
ISNAD Işıkber, Ali Arda vd. “Efficacy of Gaseous Ozone at High Concentrations Against Plodia Interpunctella (Hübner) and Ephestia Cautella (Walker) in Almond”. Turkish Journal of Entomology 39/2 (Haziran 2015), 187-198. https://doi.org/10.16970/ted.76791.
JAMA Işıkber AA, Öztekin MS, Dayısoylu KS, Duman A, Eroğlu S. Efficacy of gaseous ozone at high concentrations against Plodia interpunctella (Hübner) and Ephestia cautella (Walker) in Almond. TED. 2015;39:187–198.
MLA Işıkber, Ali Arda vd. “Efficacy of Gaseous Ozone at High Concentrations Against Plodia Interpunctella (Hübner) and Ephestia Cautella (Walker) in Almond”. Turkish Journal of Entomology, c. 39, sy. 2, 2015, ss. 187-98, doi:10.16970/ted.76791.
Vancouver Işıkber AA, Öztekin MS, Dayısoylu KS, Duman A, Eroğlu S. Efficacy of gaseous ozone at high concentrations against Plodia interpunctella (Hübner) and Ephestia cautella (Walker) in Almond. TED. 2015;39(2):187-98.