Gıda ve Yem için Hızlı Alarm Sistemi; Avrupa Komisyonu tarafından oluşturulmuş, gıda zincirinde halk sağlığına yönelik riskler tespit edildiğinde hızlı şekilde bilgi akışını ve tepki verilmesini sağlayan bir veri tabanıdır. Bu çalışma kapsamında, 2000-2020 yılları arasında Hızlı Alarm Sistemi veri tabanında yer alan gıdalarda bulunan çevresel kirletici kaynaklı bildirimler ile ilgili ayrıntılı bir rapor hazırlanmıştır. Sistemden elde edilen tüm veriler Microsoft Office Excel 2010 kullanılarak değerlendirilmiştir. Yirmi bir yıl içerisinde gerçekleştirilmiş 774 bildirim incelendiğinde, bildirimlerin %32’sinin “balık ve balık ürünleri”, %29’unun “sıvı ve katı yağlar” ve %11’inin “diyetetik ürünler ve gıda takviyeleri” hakkında oluşturulduğu belirlenmiştir. Temel problemin (bildirimlerin %12’si) “polisiklik aromatik hidrokarbonlar” olduğu saptanmıştır. Tüm bildirimler içinde %33’ünün “ciddi risk” derecesine sahip olduğu bulunmuştur. En fazla bildirim (81 bildirim) 2001 yılında bulunmaktadır. Ek olarak, bildirimlerin %61’i “alarm”, %13’ü “bilgi”, %11’i “dikkat gerektiren bilgi”, %11’i “sınır iadesi” ve %4’ü “takip gerektiren bilgi” bildirimleri türündedir. Bildirimlerin büyük bir kısmı (415 bildirim) piyasadaki resmi kontroller sonucunda oluşturulmuştur. Almanya, 178 bildirim ile en yüksek bildirimde bulunan ülkedir. Bildirimler sonucunda genellikle “ürünlerin piyasadan toplatılması” ve “üretici firmanın ürünleri piyasadan geri çekmesi” yaptırımları uygulanmıştır.
Derya DENİZ ŞİRİNYILDIZ 100/2000 YÖK Doktora Bursu programı kapsamında desteklenmiştir.
References
Abdel-Shafy, H.I., Mansour, M.S. (2016). A review on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: Source, environmental impact, effect on human health and remediation. Egyptian Journal of Petroleum, 25(1), 107-123. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpe.2015.03.011
Alshannaq, A., Yu, J.H. (2021). Analysis of EU Rapid Alert System (RASFF) notifications for aflatoxins in exported US Food and Feed Products for 2010–2019. Toxins, 13(2), 90-102. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins13020090
Beia, S. I., Bran, M., Petrescu, I., Beia, V. E., Dinu, M. (2020). Food fraud incidents: Findings from the latest rapid alert system for food and feed (RASFF) report. Scientific Papers Series Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and Rural Development, 20(2), 45-52.
Bouzembrak, Y., Marvin, H.J. (2016). Prediction of food fraud type using data from Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed (RASFF) and Bayesian network modelling. Food Control, 61, 180-187. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2015.09.026
Caldeira, A.J.R., Alves, C.P.P., Santos, M.J. (2021). Anisakis notification in fish: an assessment of the cases reported in the European Union Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed (RASFF) database. Food Control, 124, 107913. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2021.107913
Çınar, S., Yılmaz, S.N., Aydın, E., Yorulmaz, A. (2017). Gıda ve Yem için Hızlı Alarm Sistemi (RASFF) 2009-2016 Türkiye raporu. Türk Tarım-Gıda Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi, 5(8), 873-882. https://doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v5i8.873-882.1155
Dada, A.C., Somorin, Y.M., Ateba, C.N., Onyeaka, H., Anyogu, A., Kasan, N.A., Odeyemi, O.A. (2021). Microbiological hazards associated with food products imported from the Asia-Pacific region based on analysis of the rapid alert system for food and feed (RASFF) notifications. Food Control, 129, 108243. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2021.108243
Deniz Şirinyıldız, D., Yorulmaz, A. (2019). Gıda ve Yem için Hızlı Alarm Sistemi’nde yer alan kuru incir kaynaklı bildirimler. HASAT Uluslararası Tarım ve Orman Kongresi, 21-23 Haziran 2019, Ankara.
Djekic, I., Jankovic, D., Rajkovic, A. (2017). Analysis of foreign bodies present in European food using data from Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed (RASFF). Food Control, 79, 143-149. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2017.03.047
Fürst, P., Milana, M.R., Pfaff, K., Tlustos, C., Vleminckx, C., Arcella, D., Barthélémy, E., Colombo, Goumperis, T., Pasinato, L., Torres, R.R., Afonso, A. (2019). Risk evaluation of chemical contaminants in food in the context of RASFF notifications: Rapid Assessment of Contaminant Exposure tool (RACE), EFSA Supporting Publications, 16(5), 1625E.
https://doi.org/10.2903/sp.efsa.2019.EN-1625
Gupta, P.K. (2007). Methods in environmental analysis: water, soil and air. p. 5-127. https://content.kopykitab.com/ebooks/2016/05/7066/sample/sample_7066.pdf (erişim 27.07.2021)
Hoffman, E.C., Reyes, H., Chu, F. F., Sander, F., Conley, L. H., Brooks, B.A., Hankinson, O. (1991). Cloning of a factor required for activity of the Ah (dioxin) receptor. Science, 252(5008), 954-958. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1852076
Karabal, A. 2019. Gıda mevzuatı ve gıda güvenliği. International Journal of Social and Humanities Sciences, 3(1), 179-198.
Kürekci, C., Şahin, S. (2019). Kanatlı eti ve ürünleri hakkında RASFF sistemine yapılan bildirimlerin gıda güvenliği yönünden değerlendirilmesi. 5. Uluslararası Beyaz Et Kongresi, 24-28 Nisan 2019, Antalya.
Lüth, S., Boone, I., Kleta, S., Al Dahouk, S. (2019). Analysis of RASFF notifications on food products contaminated with Listeria monocytogenes reveals options for improvement in the rapid alert system for food and feed. Food Control, 96, 479-487. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2018.09.033
Pádua, I., Moreira, A., Moreira, P., de Vasconcelos, F.M., Barros, R. (2019). Impact of the regulation (EU) 1169/2011: Allergen-related recalls in the rapid alert system for food and feed (RASFF) portal. Food Control, 98, 389-398. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2018.11.051
Pigłowski, M. (2019). Comparative analysis of notifications regarding mycotoxins in the Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed (RASFF). Quality Assurance and Safety of Crops & Foods, 11(8), 725-735. https://doi.org/10.3920/QAS2018.1398
Postolache, A.N., Chelmu, S.S., Ariton, A.M., Mitica, C., Pop, C., Ciobanu, M.M., Șteofil, C. (2020). Analysis of RASFF notifications on contaminated dairy products from the last two decades: 2000-2020. Romanian Biotechnological Letters, 25(2), 1396-1406. https://doi.org/10.25083/rbl/25.2/1396.1406 .
RASFF (2021). Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed (RASFF). https://ec.europa.eu/food/safety/rasff-food-and-feed-safety-alerts_en (erişim 27.07.2021).
Sağlam, A., Masatcıoğlu, M.T. (2020). Avrupa Birliği ve Türkiye kaynaklı gıdalarda 2009-2018 yılları arasında RASFF bildirimleri. Gıda, 45(4), 623-634. https://doi.org/10.15237/gida.GD20051
Suzuki, T., Hidaka, T., Kumagai, Y., Yamamoto, M. (2020). Environmental pollutants and the immune response. Nature Immunology, 21, 1486-1495. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41590-020-0802-6
Tarım ve Köyişleri Bakanlığı. (2008). Gıda güvenliği ve kalitesinin denetimi ve kontrolüne dair yönetmelik. https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2008/09 (erişim27.07.2021).
Yılmaz Çebi, S., Olhan, E. (2017). Avrupa Birliği Gıda ve Yemde Hızlı Alarm Sistemi’nin Türkiye’nin gıda ürünleri ihracatı üzerine etkilerinin değerlendirilmesi. Turkish Journal of Agricultural Economics, 23(1), 133-144. https://doi.org/10.24181/tarekoder.325641
Environmental pollutants notifications in Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed
Rapid Alarm System for Food and Feed (RASFF); is a database created by the European Commission that provides rapid information flow and response when risks to public health are identified in the food chain. Within the scope of this study, a detailed report was prepared on the notifications of environmental pollutants in foods in the Rapid Alarm System database between 2000 and 2020. All data obtained from the system were evaluated using Microsoft Office Excel 2010. When 774 notifications made in 21 years were examined, it was determined that 32% of the notifications were about “fish and fish products”, 29% about “oils and fats” and 11% about “dietetic products and food supplements”. The main problem (12% of the notifications) was determined to be “polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons”. Among all notifications, 33% of them were found to have a “serious risk” degree. The highest number of notifications (81 notifications) was detected in 2001. Additionally, 61% of the notifications were in the “alert”, 13% “information”, 11% “information for attention”, 11% “border rejection” and 4% “information follow-up” notifications. Most of the notifications (415 notifications) were created as a result of official controls in the market. Germany was the country with the highest notifications, with 178 notifications. As a result of the notifications, sanctions were generally imposed on “withdrawal of products from the market” and “withdrawal of products from the market by the manufacturer”. Considering the decrease in PAH notifications from food-related environmental pollutants over the years, it can be thought that the Rapid Alert System was effective in the decrease in the number of notifications.
Abdel-Shafy, H.I., Mansour, M.S. (2016). A review on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: Source, environmental impact, effect on human health and remediation. Egyptian Journal of Petroleum, 25(1), 107-123. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpe.2015.03.011
Alshannaq, A., Yu, J.H. (2021). Analysis of EU Rapid Alert System (RASFF) notifications for aflatoxins in exported US Food and Feed Products for 2010–2019. Toxins, 13(2), 90-102. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins13020090
Beia, S. I., Bran, M., Petrescu, I., Beia, V. E., Dinu, M. (2020). Food fraud incidents: Findings from the latest rapid alert system for food and feed (RASFF) report. Scientific Papers Series Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and Rural Development, 20(2), 45-52.
Bouzembrak, Y., Marvin, H.J. (2016). Prediction of food fraud type using data from Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed (RASFF) and Bayesian network modelling. Food Control, 61, 180-187. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2015.09.026
Caldeira, A.J.R., Alves, C.P.P., Santos, M.J. (2021). Anisakis notification in fish: an assessment of the cases reported in the European Union Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed (RASFF) database. Food Control, 124, 107913. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2021.107913
Çınar, S., Yılmaz, S.N., Aydın, E., Yorulmaz, A. (2017). Gıda ve Yem için Hızlı Alarm Sistemi (RASFF) 2009-2016 Türkiye raporu. Türk Tarım-Gıda Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi, 5(8), 873-882. https://doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v5i8.873-882.1155
Dada, A.C., Somorin, Y.M., Ateba, C.N., Onyeaka, H., Anyogu, A., Kasan, N.A., Odeyemi, O.A. (2021). Microbiological hazards associated with food products imported from the Asia-Pacific region based on analysis of the rapid alert system for food and feed (RASFF) notifications. Food Control, 129, 108243. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2021.108243
Deniz Şirinyıldız, D., Yorulmaz, A. (2019). Gıda ve Yem için Hızlı Alarm Sistemi’nde yer alan kuru incir kaynaklı bildirimler. HASAT Uluslararası Tarım ve Orman Kongresi, 21-23 Haziran 2019, Ankara.
Djekic, I., Jankovic, D., Rajkovic, A. (2017). Analysis of foreign bodies present in European food using data from Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed (RASFF). Food Control, 79, 143-149. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2017.03.047
Fürst, P., Milana, M.R., Pfaff, K., Tlustos, C., Vleminckx, C., Arcella, D., Barthélémy, E., Colombo, Goumperis, T., Pasinato, L., Torres, R.R., Afonso, A. (2019). Risk evaluation of chemical contaminants in food in the context of RASFF notifications: Rapid Assessment of Contaminant Exposure tool (RACE), EFSA Supporting Publications, 16(5), 1625E.
https://doi.org/10.2903/sp.efsa.2019.EN-1625
Gupta, P.K. (2007). Methods in environmental analysis: water, soil and air. p. 5-127. https://content.kopykitab.com/ebooks/2016/05/7066/sample/sample_7066.pdf (erişim 27.07.2021)
Hoffman, E.C., Reyes, H., Chu, F. F., Sander, F., Conley, L. H., Brooks, B.A., Hankinson, O. (1991). Cloning of a factor required for activity of the Ah (dioxin) receptor. Science, 252(5008), 954-958. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1852076
Karabal, A. 2019. Gıda mevzuatı ve gıda güvenliği. International Journal of Social and Humanities Sciences, 3(1), 179-198.
Kürekci, C., Şahin, S. (2019). Kanatlı eti ve ürünleri hakkında RASFF sistemine yapılan bildirimlerin gıda güvenliği yönünden değerlendirilmesi. 5. Uluslararası Beyaz Et Kongresi, 24-28 Nisan 2019, Antalya.
Lüth, S., Boone, I., Kleta, S., Al Dahouk, S. (2019). Analysis of RASFF notifications on food products contaminated with Listeria monocytogenes reveals options for improvement in the rapid alert system for food and feed. Food Control, 96, 479-487. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2018.09.033
Pádua, I., Moreira, A., Moreira, P., de Vasconcelos, F.M., Barros, R. (2019). Impact of the regulation (EU) 1169/2011: Allergen-related recalls in the rapid alert system for food and feed (RASFF) portal. Food Control, 98, 389-398. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2018.11.051
Pigłowski, M. (2019). Comparative analysis of notifications regarding mycotoxins in the Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed (RASFF). Quality Assurance and Safety of Crops & Foods, 11(8), 725-735. https://doi.org/10.3920/QAS2018.1398
Postolache, A.N., Chelmu, S.S., Ariton, A.M., Mitica, C., Pop, C., Ciobanu, M.M., Șteofil, C. (2020). Analysis of RASFF notifications on contaminated dairy products from the last two decades: 2000-2020. Romanian Biotechnological Letters, 25(2), 1396-1406. https://doi.org/10.25083/rbl/25.2/1396.1406 .
RASFF (2021). Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed (RASFF). https://ec.europa.eu/food/safety/rasff-food-and-feed-safety-alerts_en (erişim 27.07.2021).
Sağlam, A., Masatcıoğlu, M.T. (2020). Avrupa Birliği ve Türkiye kaynaklı gıdalarda 2009-2018 yılları arasında RASFF bildirimleri. Gıda, 45(4), 623-634. https://doi.org/10.15237/gida.GD20051
Suzuki, T., Hidaka, T., Kumagai, Y., Yamamoto, M. (2020). Environmental pollutants and the immune response. Nature Immunology, 21, 1486-1495. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41590-020-0802-6
Tarım ve Köyişleri Bakanlığı. (2008). Gıda güvenliği ve kalitesinin denetimi ve kontrolüne dair yönetmelik. https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2008/09 (erişim27.07.2021).
Yılmaz Çebi, S., Olhan, E. (2017). Avrupa Birliği Gıda ve Yemde Hızlı Alarm Sistemi’nin Türkiye’nin gıda ürünleri ihracatı üzerine etkilerinin değerlendirilmesi. Turkish Journal of Agricultural Economics, 23(1), 133-144. https://doi.org/10.24181/tarekoder.325641
Çiftçi, N., Karadeniz, Ş., Deniz Şirinyıldız, D., Yorulmaz, A. (2022). Gıda ve Yem için Hızlı Alarm Sistemi’nde yer alan çevresel kirletici bildirimleri. Food and Health, 8(2), 92-102. https://doi.org/10.3153/FH22009
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