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Beslenme ve fiziksel aktivitenin bağırsak mikrobiyotası ile ilişkisi

Year 2024, Volume: 10 Issue: 2, 160 - 168, 03.04.2024

Melis Koca Esabil Emrah Koca Emel Ünal Turhan

https://doi.org/10.3153/FH24015

Abstract

Beslenme biçimi ve fiziksel aktiviteler bağırsak mikrobiyotasının çeşitliliği ve bileşimi üzerinde etkili olan faktörlerdir. İnsan sağlığı; bağırsak mikrobiyotası, fiziksel aktivite ve beslenme arasındaki dengeli ilişki ile yakından ilgilidir. Yüksek karbonhidratlı diyetler, yüksek proteinli diyetler, yüksek yağlı diyetler, vejetaryen/vegan beslenme, glutensiz beslenme ve akdeniz tipi beslenme gibi farklı beslenme biçimleri ile beslenen bireylerde bağırsak mikrobiyotası bileşiminin de değişiklik gösterdiği bildirilmiştir. Tüketilen besin çeşidine göre bağırsaklara ulaşan karbonhidrat, protein, yağ, fitokimyasal ve vitamin gibi diyet bileşenlerinin bağırsak mikrobiyotası dengesini olumlu veya olumsuz etkileme potansiyeli mevcuttur. Dengeli bir bağırsak mikrobiyotasının besinlerin sindirimi ve emiliminin yanı sıra egzersiz perfomansını desteklediği ve böylece metabolik aktivitelere katkı sağladığı bildirilir. Ancak tıpkı beslenme biçiminde olduğu gibi egzersizin yoğunluğu ve türüne göre bağırsak mikrobiyotasının bileşimi değişebilir. Ilımlı bir fiziksel aktivitenin, bağırsak mikrobiyotasında olumlu yönde değişikliklere neden olurken, uzun ve yorucu aktivitelerin ise ba

Keywords

Bağırsak Mikrobiyotası Beslenme Fiziksel Aktivite Sağlık

References

  • Alves, C.N. (2016). Microbiota-based nutrition plans. Nature Reviews Microbiology, 14(1), 1. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrmicro.2015.10
  • Aya, V., Florez, A., Perez, L., Ramirez, J.D. (2021). Association between physical activity and changes in intestinal microbiota composition: A systematic review. Plos One, 16(2), e0247039. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0247039
  • Aydın, N., Bağrıaçık, E. (2021). Covid-19 tedavisinde mikrobiyotanın önemi. Selçuk Sağlık Dergisi, 2(1), 65-75. https://doi.org/10.54247/SOYD.2021.20
  • Aziz Q., Dore J., Emmanuel A., Guarners F., Quigley, E.M.M. (2013). Gut microbiota and gastrointestinal health: current concepts and future directions. Neurogastroenterol Motil, 25, 4-15. https://doi.org/10.1111/nmo.12046
  • Barrea, L., Muscogiuri, G., Toral, E.F., Laudisio, D., Pugliese, G., Castellucci, B., Velasquez, E.G., Savastano, S., Colao, A. (2021). Nutrition and immune system: from the Mediterranean diet to dietary supplementary through the microbiota. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 61(18), 3066-3090. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2020.1792826 Bayram, H.M., Öztürkcan, S.A. (2020). Gıda katkı maddelerinin mikrobiyota üzerine etkisi. Gıda, 45(5), 1030-1046. https://doi.org/10.15237/gida.GD20070
  • Biesalski, H.K. (2016). Nutrition meets the microbiome: micronutrients and the microbiota. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1372, 53-64. https://doi.org/10.1111/nyas.13145
  • Boisseau, N., Barnich, N., Ramonatxo, C.K. (2022). The nutrition-microbiota physical activity triad: An inspiring new concept for health and sports performance. Nutrients, 14(924), 1-25. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14050924
  • Cassotta, M., Hernández, T.Y.F., Iglesias, R.C., Ruiz, R., Zabaleta, M.E., Giampieri, F., Battino, M. (2020). Links between nutrition, infectious diseases, and microbiota: emerging technologies and opportunities for human-focused research. Nutrients, 12(1827), 1-28. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12061827
  • Cella, V., Bimonte, V.M., Sabato, C., Paoli, A., Baldari, C., Campanella, M., Lenzi, A., Ferretti, E., Migliaccio, S. (2021). Nutrition and physical activity-induced changes in gut microbiota: possible implications for human health and athletic performance. Foods, 10(3075), 1-24. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods10123075
  • Clark, A., Mach, N. (2017). The Crosstalk between the gut microbiota and mitochondria during exercise. Frontiers in Physiology, 8(319), 1-17. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2017.00319
  • Çatak, J., Demirci, A., Yaman, M. 2021(a). Besin alerjileri ve mikrobiyota. Avrupa Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi, 27, 902-910. https://doi.org/10.31590/ejosat.932606
  • Çatak, J., Yıldırım, Servi, E., Memiş, N. 2021(b). Obezite ve mikrobiyota etkileşimlerine genel bakış. Avrupa Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi, 31, 275-291. https://doi.org/10.31590/ejosat.935513
  • Ercolini, D., Fogliano, V. (2018). Food design to feed the human gut microbiota. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 66, 3754-3758. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.8b00456
  • Ersoy, N., Ersoy, G. (2019). Barsak mikrobiyotası ve dayanıklılık egzersizleri. Journal of Health Science and Profession, 6(1), 170-178. https://doi.org/10.17681/hsp.388229
  • Fava, F., Gitau, R., Griffin, B., Gibson, G., Tuohy, K., Lovegrove, J. (2013). The type and quantity of dietary fat and carbohydrate alter faecal microbiome and short-chain fatty acid excretion in a metabolic syndrome ‘at-risk’population. International Journal of Obesity, 37(2), 216-223. https://doi.org/10.1038/ijo.2012.33
  • Fiers, W.D., Leonardi, I., Iliev, I.D. (2020). From birth and throughout life: Fungal microbiota in nutrition and metabolic health. Annual Review of Nutrition, 40(16), 1-21. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-nutr-013120-043659
  • Flint, H.J., Scott, K.P., Louis, P., Duncan, S.H. (2012). The role of the gut microbiota in nutrition and health. Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology, 9, 577-589. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrgastro.2012.156
  • Gigante, G., Tortora, A., Ianiro, G., Ojetti, V., Purchiaroni, F., Campanale, M., Cesario, V., Scarpellini, E., Gasbarrini, A. (2011). Role of gut microbiota in food tolerance and allergies. Digestive Diseases, 29, 540-549. https://doi.org/10.1159/000332977
  • He, X., Marco, M.L., Slupsky, C.M. (2013). Emerging aspects of food and nutrition on gut microbiota. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 61(40), 9559-9574. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf4029046
  • Hsu, Y.J., Chiu, C.C., Li, Y.P., Huang, W.C., Huang, Y.T., Huang, C.C., Chuang, H.L. (2015). Effect of intestinal microbiota on exercise performance in mice. The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 29(2), 552-558. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000000644
  • Karatay, E. (2019). Microbiota, probiotic and prebiotics. Anatolian Current Medical Journal, 1(3), 68-71. https://doi.org/10.38053/agtd.529392
  • Kılıç, Ü., Altındiş, M. (2017). Antibiyotik kullanımı ve mikrobiyota. Journal of Biotechnology and Strategic Health Research, 1(Special Issue), 39-43.
  • Kılınç, G.E., Uçar, A. (2022). Farklı beslenme şekilleri ve intestinal mikrobiyota. Sağlık Bilimlerinde Değer, 12(1), 164-170. https://doi.org/10.33631/sabd.1055528
  • Koçak, T., Şanlıer, N. (2017). Mikrobesin öğeleri ve mikrobiyota etkileşimi. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 6(4), 290-302.
  • Kurtaran, B. (2021). Microbiome and microbiota. Ege Journal of Medicine, 60(Ek Sayı), 88-93. https://doi.org/10.19161/etd.863679
  • Mach, N., Botella, D.F. (2017). Endurance exercise and gut microbiota: A review. Journal of Sport and Health Science, 6, 179-197. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jshs.2016.05.001
  • Mancin, L., Rollo, I., Mota, J.F., Piccini, F., Carletti, M., Susto, G.A., Valle, G., Paoli, A. (2021). Optimizing microbiota profiles for athletes. Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews, 49(1), 42-49. https://doi.org/10.1249/JES.0000000000000236
  • Mohr, A.E., Jäger, R., Carpenter, K.C., Kerksick, C.M., Purpura, M., Townsend, J.R., West, N.P., Black, K., Gleeson, M., Pyne, D.B., Wells, S.D., Arent, S.M., Kreider, R.B., Campbell, B.I., Bannock, L., Scheiman, J., Wissent, C.J., Pane, M., Kalman, D.S., Pugh, J.N., Ortega-Santos, C.P., Haar, J.A., Arciero, P.J., Antonio, J. (2020). The athletic gut microbiota. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 17(24), 1-33. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12970-020-00353-w
  • O’Connor, E.M. (2013). The role of gut microbiota in nutritional status. Current Opinion Review, 16(5), 509-516. https://doi.org/10.1097/MCO.0b013e3283638eb3
  • O’Sullivan, O., Cronin, O., Clarke, S.F., Murphy, E.F., Molloy, M.G., Shanahan, F., Cotter, P.D. (2015). Exercise and the microbiota. Gut Microbes, 6(2), 131-136. https://doi.org/10.1080/19490976.2015.1011875
  • Özdemir, A., Büyüktuncer, Demirel, Z. (2017). Beslenme ve mikrobiyota ilişkisi. Journal of Biotechnology and Strategic Health Research, 1(Special issue), 25-33.
  • Özsoy, S. (2019). Polifenoller, mikrobiyota ve diyabet. Beslenme ve Diyet Dergisi, 47(Özel Sayı, 102-109. https://doi.org/10.33076/2019.BDD.1321 Tekin, T., Çiçek, B., Konyalıgil, N. (2018). İntestinal mikrobiyota ve obezite ilişkisi. Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 27, 95-99.
  • Valdes, A.M., Walter, J., Segal, E., Spector, T.D. (2018). Role of the gut microbiota in nutrition and health. Science and Politics of Nutrition, 361(1), 36-44. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.k2179
  • Vela, J.A., Urra, P.S., Ruiz-Ojeda, F.J., Álvarez-Mercado, A.I., Arancibia, J.O., Diaz, J.P. (2021). Impact of exercise on gut microbiota in obesity. Nutrients Review, 13, 999. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13113999
  • Vernocchi, P., Del Chierico, F., Putignani, L. (2020). Gut microbiota metabolism and interaction with food components. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 21, 3688. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21103688
  • Wu, Y., Wan, J., Choe, U., Pham, Q., Schoene, N.W., He, Q., Li, B., Yu, L., Wang, T.T.Y. (2019). Interactions between food and gut microbiota: Impact on human health. Annual Review of Food Science and Technology, 10, 389-408. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-food-032818-121303
  • Zeppa, D.S., Agostini, D., Gervasi, M., Annibalini, G., Amatori, S., Ferrini, F., Sisti, D., Piccoli, G., Barbieri, E., Sestili, P., Stocchi, V. (2020). Mutual interactions among exercise, sport supplements and microbiota. Nutrients Reviews, 12(17), 1-33. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12010017
  • Zhang, N.M.D., Ju, Z.B.D., Zuo, T.P.D. (2018). Time for food: The impact of diet on gut microbiota and human health. Nutrition, 51(52), 80-85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nut.2017.12.005

Relationship of nutrition and physical activity with gut microbiota

Year 2024, Volume: 10 Issue: 2, 160 - 168, 03.04.2024

Melis Koca Esabil Emrah Koca Emel Ünal Turhan

https://doi.org/10.3153/FH24015

Abstract

Diet and physical activities are factors that affect the diversity and composition of the intestinal microbiota. Human health is closely related to the balanced relationship between gut microbiota, physical activity and nutrition. It has been reported that the composition of the intestinal microbiota also varies in individuals fed with different diets such as high-carbohydrate diets, high-protein diets, high-fat diets, vegetarian/vegan diet, gluten-free diet and mediterranean diet. Depending on the type of food consumed, dietary components such as carbohydrates, proteins, fats, phytochemicals and vitamins have the potential to affect the intestinal microbiota balance positively or negatively. It is reported that a balanced gut microbiota supports the digestion and absorption of nutrients as well as exercise performance and thus contributes to metabolic activities. However, just as with the diet, the composition of the intestinal microbiota can change depending on the intensity and type of exercise. It has been reported that moderate physical activity causes positive changes in the intestinal microbiota, while long and strenuous activities have negative effects on the intestinal microbiota.

Keywords

Gut Microbiota Nutrition Physical Activity Health

References

  • Alves, C.N. (2016). Microbiota-based nutrition plans. Nature Reviews Microbiology, 14(1), 1. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrmicro.2015.10
  • Aya, V., Florez, A., Perez, L., Ramirez, J.D. (2021). Association between physical activity and changes in intestinal microbiota composition: A systematic review. Plos One, 16(2), e0247039. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0247039
  • Aydın, N., Bağrıaçık, E. (2021). Covid-19 tedavisinde mikrobiyotanın önemi. Selçuk Sağlık Dergisi, 2(1), 65-75. https://doi.org/10.54247/SOYD.2021.20
  • Aziz Q., Dore J., Emmanuel A., Guarners F., Quigley, E.M.M. (2013). Gut microbiota and gastrointestinal health: current concepts and future directions. Neurogastroenterol Motil, 25, 4-15. https://doi.org/10.1111/nmo.12046
  • Barrea, L., Muscogiuri, G., Toral, E.F., Laudisio, D., Pugliese, G., Castellucci, B., Velasquez, E.G., Savastano, S., Colao, A. (2021). Nutrition and immune system: from the Mediterranean diet to dietary supplementary through the microbiota. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 61(18), 3066-3090. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2020.1792826 Bayram, H.M., Öztürkcan, S.A. (2020). Gıda katkı maddelerinin mikrobiyota üzerine etkisi. Gıda, 45(5), 1030-1046. https://doi.org/10.15237/gida.GD20070
  • Biesalski, H.K. (2016). Nutrition meets the microbiome: micronutrients and the microbiota. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1372, 53-64. https://doi.org/10.1111/nyas.13145
  • Boisseau, N., Barnich, N., Ramonatxo, C.K. (2022). The nutrition-microbiota physical activity triad: An inspiring new concept for health and sports performance. Nutrients, 14(924), 1-25. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14050924
  • Cassotta, M., Hernández, T.Y.F., Iglesias, R.C., Ruiz, R., Zabaleta, M.E., Giampieri, F., Battino, M. (2020). Links between nutrition, infectious diseases, and microbiota: emerging technologies and opportunities for human-focused research. Nutrients, 12(1827), 1-28. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12061827
  • Cella, V., Bimonte, V.M., Sabato, C., Paoli, A., Baldari, C., Campanella, M., Lenzi, A., Ferretti, E., Migliaccio, S. (2021). Nutrition and physical activity-induced changes in gut microbiota: possible implications for human health and athletic performance. Foods, 10(3075), 1-24. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods10123075
  • Clark, A., Mach, N. (2017). The Crosstalk between the gut microbiota and mitochondria during exercise. Frontiers in Physiology, 8(319), 1-17. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2017.00319
  • Çatak, J., Demirci, A., Yaman, M. 2021(a). Besin alerjileri ve mikrobiyota. Avrupa Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi, 27, 902-910. https://doi.org/10.31590/ejosat.932606
  • Çatak, J., Yıldırım, Servi, E., Memiş, N. 2021(b). Obezite ve mikrobiyota etkileşimlerine genel bakış. Avrupa Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi, 31, 275-291. https://doi.org/10.31590/ejosat.935513
  • Ercolini, D., Fogliano, V. (2018). Food design to feed the human gut microbiota. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 66, 3754-3758. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.8b00456
  • Ersoy, N., Ersoy, G. (2019). Barsak mikrobiyotası ve dayanıklılık egzersizleri. Journal of Health Science and Profession, 6(1), 170-178. https://doi.org/10.17681/hsp.388229
  • Fava, F., Gitau, R., Griffin, B., Gibson, G., Tuohy, K., Lovegrove, J. (2013). The type and quantity of dietary fat and carbohydrate alter faecal microbiome and short-chain fatty acid excretion in a metabolic syndrome ‘at-risk’population. International Journal of Obesity, 37(2), 216-223. https://doi.org/10.1038/ijo.2012.33
  • Fiers, W.D., Leonardi, I., Iliev, I.D. (2020). From birth and throughout life: Fungal microbiota in nutrition and metabolic health. Annual Review of Nutrition, 40(16), 1-21. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-nutr-013120-043659
  • Flint, H.J., Scott, K.P., Louis, P., Duncan, S.H. (2012). The role of the gut microbiota in nutrition and health. Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology, 9, 577-589. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrgastro.2012.156
  • Gigante, G., Tortora, A., Ianiro, G., Ojetti, V., Purchiaroni, F., Campanale, M., Cesario, V., Scarpellini, E., Gasbarrini, A. (2011). Role of gut microbiota in food tolerance and allergies. Digestive Diseases, 29, 540-549. https://doi.org/10.1159/000332977
  • He, X., Marco, M.L., Slupsky, C.M. (2013). Emerging aspects of food and nutrition on gut microbiota. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 61(40), 9559-9574. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf4029046
  • Hsu, Y.J., Chiu, C.C., Li, Y.P., Huang, W.C., Huang, Y.T., Huang, C.C., Chuang, H.L. (2015). Effect of intestinal microbiota on exercise performance in mice. The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 29(2), 552-558. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000000644
  • Karatay, E. (2019). Microbiota, probiotic and prebiotics. Anatolian Current Medical Journal, 1(3), 68-71. https://doi.org/10.38053/agtd.529392
  • Kılıç, Ü., Altındiş, M. (2017). Antibiyotik kullanımı ve mikrobiyota. Journal of Biotechnology and Strategic Health Research, 1(Special Issue), 39-43.
  • Kılınç, G.E., Uçar, A. (2022). Farklı beslenme şekilleri ve intestinal mikrobiyota. Sağlık Bilimlerinde Değer, 12(1), 164-170. https://doi.org/10.33631/sabd.1055528
  • Koçak, T., Şanlıer, N. (2017). Mikrobesin öğeleri ve mikrobiyota etkileşimi. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 6(4), 290-302.
  • Kurtaran, B. (2021). Microbiome and microbiota. Ege Journal of Medicine, 60(Ek Sayı), 88-93. https://doi.org/10.19161/etd.863679
  • Mach, N., Botella, D.F. (2017). Endurance exercise and gut microbiota: A review. Journal of Sport and Health Science, 6, 179-197. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jshs.2016.05.001
  • Mancin, L., Rollo, I., Mota, J.F., Piccini, F., Carletti, M., Susto, G.A., Valle, G., Paoli, A. (2021). Optimizing microbiota profiles for athletes. Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews, 49(1), 42-49. https://doi.org/10.1249/JES.0000000000000236
  • Mohr, A.E., Jäger, R., Carpenter, K.C., Kerksick, C.M., Purpura, M., Townsend, J.R., West, N.P., Black, K., Gleeson, M., Pyne, D.B., Wells, S.D., Arent, S.M., Kreider, R.B., Campbell, B.I., Bannock, L., Scheiman, J., Wissent, C.J., Pane, M., Kalman, D.S., Pugh, J.N., Ortega-Santos, C.P., Haar, J.A., Arciero, P.J., Antonio, J. (2020). The athletic gut microbiota. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 17(24), 1-33. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12970-020-00353-w
  • O’Connor, E.M. (2013). The role of gut microbiota in nutritional status. Current Opinion Review, 16(5), 509-516. https://doi.org/10.1097/MCO.0b013e3283638eb3
  • O’Sullivan, O., Cronin, O., Clarke, S.F., Murphy, E.F., Molloy, M.G., Shanahan, F., Cotter, P.D. (2015). Exercise and the microbiota. Gut Microbes, 6(2), 131-136. https://doi.org/10.1080/19490976.2015.1011875
  • Özdemir, A., Büyüktuncer, Demirel, Z. (2017). Beslenme ve mikrobiyota ilişkisi. Journal of Biotechnology and Strategic Health Research, 1(Special issue), 25-33.
  • Özsoy, S. (2019). Polifenoller, mikrobiyota ve diyabet. Beslenme ve Diyet Dergisi, 47(Özel Sayı, 102-109. https://doi.org/10.33076/2019.BDD.1321 Tekin, T., Çiçek, B., Konyalıgil, N. (2018). İntestinal mikrobiyota ve obezite ilişkisi. Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 27, 95-99.
  • Valdes, A.M., Walter, J., Segal, E., Spector, T.D. (2018). Role of the gut microbiota in nutrition and health. Science and Politics of Nutrition, 361(1), 36-44. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.k2179
  • Vela, J.A., Urra, P.S., Ruiz-Ojeda, F.J., Álvarez-Mercado, A.I., Arancibia, J.O., Diaz, J.P. (2021). Impact of exercise on gut microbiota in obesity. Nutrients Review, 13, 999. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13113999
  • Vernocchi, P., Del Chierico, F., Putignani, L. (2020). Gut microbiota metabolism and interaction with food components. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 21, 3688. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21103688
  • Wu, Y., Wan, J., Choe, U., Pham, Q., Schoene, N.W., He, Q., Li, B., Yu, L., Wang, T.T.Y. (2019). Interactions between food and gut microbiota: Impact on human health. Annual Review of Food Science and Technology, 10, 389-408. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-food-032818-121303
  • Zeppa, D.S., Agostini, D., Gervasi, M., Annibalini, G., Amatori, S., Ferrini, F., Sisti, D., Piccoli, G., Barbieri, E., Sestili, P., Stocchi, V. (2020). Mutual interactions among exercise, sport supplements and microbiota. Nutrients Reviews, 12(17), 1-33. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12010017
  • Zhang, N.M.D., Ju, Z.B.D., Zuo, T.P.D. (2018). Time for food: The impact of diet on gut microbiota and human health. Nutrition, 51(52), 80-85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nut.2017.12.005
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Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Food Engineering
Journal Section Review Articles
Authors

Melis Koca 0000-0003-0540-7101

Esabil Emrah Koca 0009-0003-0353-4331

Emel Ünal Turhan 0000-0002-0284-574X

Early Pub Date April 1, 2024
Publication Date April 3, 2024
Submission Date May 3, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2024Volume: 10 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Koca, M., Koca, E. E., & Ünal Turhan, E. (2024). Beslenme ve fiziksel aktivitenin bağırsak mikrobiyotası ile ilişkisi. Food and Health, 10(2), 160-168. https://doi.org/10.3153/FH24015
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