Research Article
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Year 2021, Volume: 7 Issue: 2, 84 - 90, 01.02.2021

Çağla Özer

https://doi.org/10.3153/FH21010

Abstract

References

  • Arranz, S., Martinez-Huelamo, M., Vallverdu-Queralt, A., Valderas-Martinez, P., Illan, M., Sacanella, E., Escribano, E., Estruch R., Lamuela-Raventos, R.M. (2015). Influence of olive oil on carotenoid absorption from tomato juice and effects on postprandial lipemia. Food Chemistry, 168, 203-210. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.07.053
  • Bae, H., Jayaprakasha, G. K., Jifon, J., Patil, B. S. (2012). Variation of antioxidant activity and the levels of bioactive compounds in lipophilic and hydrophilic extracts from hot pepper (Capsicum spp.) cultivars. Food chemistry, 134(4), 1912-1918. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.03.108
  • Beltrán Sanahuja, A., De Pablo Gallego, S. L., Maestre Pérez, S. E., Valdés García, A., & Prats Moya, M. S. (2019). Influence of cooking and ingredients on the antioxidant activity, phenolic content and volatile profile of different variants of the mediterranean typical tomato sofrito. Antioxidants, 8(11), 551. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox8110551
  • Buchner, N., Krumbein, A., Rohn, S., & Kroh, L. W. (2006). Effect of thermal processing on the flavonols rutin and quercetin. Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry: An International Journal Devoted to the Rapid Dissemination of Up‐to‐the‐Minute Research in Mass Spectrometry, 20(21), 3229-3235. https://doi.org/10.1002/rcm.2720
  • Capanoglu, E., Beekwilder, J., Boyacioglu, D., Hall, R. & De Vos, C.H.R. (2008). Changes in antioxidants and metabolite profiles during production of tomato paste, Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 56(3), 964-973. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf072990e
  • Cemeroğlu, B. (2013). Gıda analizleri (Editor: Cemeroğlu, B.). Bizim Büro Basımevi, ISBN: 9786056341939.
  • Chang, C.H., Lin, H.Y., Chang, C.Y., Liu, Y.C. (2006). Comparisons on the antioxidant properties of fresh, freeze-dried and hot-air-dried tomatoes, Journal of Food Engineering, 77(3), 478-485. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2005.06.061
  • Corzo-Martínez, M., Corzo, N., Villamiel, M. (2007). Biological properties of onions and garlic. Trends in food science & technology, 18(12), 609-625. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2007.07.011
  • Cracknell, H.L., Kaufmann, R., J. (2011). Escoffier Le Guide Culinaire. 2nd edition. John Wiley&Sons Inc., ISBN: 978-0470900277.
  • Dewanto, V., Wu, X., Adom, K.K. & Liu, R.H., (2002). Thermal processing enhances the nutritional value of tomatoes by increasing total antioxidant activity, Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 50, 3010-3014. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf0115589
  • Dimitrios, B. (2006). Sources of natural phenolic antioxidants. Trends in Food Science & Technology, 17(9), 505-512. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2006.04.004
  • Donkor, S., Agyekum, A.K., Akuamoa, F., Adu-Bobi, N.A.K., Achel, D.G., Asare, I.K., Kyei, J. (2015). Antioxidant potentials of tomato paste extracts found on major markets in Accra Metropolis. American Journal of Applied Chemistry, 3(5):158-163. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajac.20150305.11
  • Forbes-Hernandez, T. Y., Gasparrini, M., Afrin, S., Bompadre, S., Mezzetti, B., Quiles, J. L., Giampieri F. & Battino, M. (2016). The healthy effects of strawberry polyphenols: which strategy behind antioxidant capacity? Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 56(sup1), S46-S59. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2015.1051919
  • Gahler, S., Otto, K., Böhm, V. (2003). Alterations of vitamin C, total phenolics, and antioxidant capacity as affected by processing tomatoes to 137 different products, Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 51, 7962-7968. https://doi.ogr/10.1021/jf034743q
  • Gorinstein, S., Jastrzebski, Z., Leontowicz, H., Leontowicz, M., Namiesnik, J., Najman, K., Park, Y.S., Heo, B.G., Cho, J.Y., Bae, J.H. (2009). Comparative control of the bioactivity of some frequently consumed vegetables subjected to different processing conditions. Food Control, 20(4), 407-413. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2008.07.008 Hernández, M., Rodríguez, E., Díaz, C. (2007). Free hydroxycinnamic acids, lycopene, and color parameters in tomato cultivars. Journal of Agricultural And Food Chemistry, 55, 8604-8615. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf071069u
  • Kampa, M., Hatzoglou, A., Notas, G., Damianaki, A., Bakogeorgou, E., Ge-metzi, C., Kouroumalis, E., Martin, P.M. & Castanas, E. (2000). Wine antioxidant polyphenols inhibit the proliferation of human prostate cancer cell lines. Nutrition and Cancer, 37(2), 223–233. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327914NC372_16
  • Knockaert, G., Pulissery, S. K., Colle, I., Van Buggenhout, S., Hendrickx, M., & Van Loey, A. (2012). Lycopene degradation, isomerization and in vitro bioaccessibility in high pressure homogenized tomato puree containing oil: Effect of additional thermal and high pressure processing. Food Chemistry, 135(3), 1290–1297. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.05.065
  • Martínez-Huélamo, M., Tulipani, S., Estruch, R., Escribano, E., Illán, M., Corella, D., & Lamuela-Raventós, R.M. (2015). The tomato sauce making process affects the bioaccessibility and bioavailability of tomato phenolics: A pharmacokinetic study. Food Chemistry, 173, 864-872. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.09.156
  • Meyer, F., Galan, P., Douville, P., Bairati, I., Kegle, P., Bertrais, S., Estaquio C., Hercberg, S. (2005). Antioxidant vitamin and mineral supplementation and prostate cancer prevention in the SU.VI.MAX trial. International Journal of Cancer, 116(2), 182–186. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.21058
  • Motilva, M.J., Maciá, A., Paz-Romero, M., Labrador, A., Domínguez, A., Peiró, L. (2014). Optimisation and validation of analytical methods for the simultaneous extraction of antioxidants: Application to the analysis of tomato sauces. Food Chemistry, 163, 234-243. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.04.096
  • Mozos, I., Stoian, D., Caraba, A., Malainer, C., Horbańczuk, J.O., Atanasov, A.G. (2018). Lycopene and Vascular Health. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 9, 521. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2018.00521
  • Nahak, G., Suar, M., Sahu, R. K. (2014). Antioxidant potential and nutritional values of vegetables: a review. Research Journal of Medicinal Plants, 8(2), 50-81. https://doi.org/10.3923/rjmp.2014.50.81
  • Ricci, A., Antonini, E., Ninfali, P. (2017). Homemade Tomato Sauce in the Mediterranean Diet: A Rich Source of Antioxidants. Italian Journal of Food Science, 30(1). https://doi.org/10.14674/IJFS-980
  • Sahlin, E., Savage, G.P., Lister, C.E. (2004). Investigation of the antioxidant properties of tomatoes after processing, Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 17, 635–647. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfca.2003.10.003
  • Sekin, Y., Bağdatlioğlu, N., & Kirdinli, Ö. (2005). Domates konservesi üretiminde çeşitli faktörlerin likopen niceliğine etkisi. Celal Bayar Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, 1(1), 7-14. https://doi.org/10.18466/cbufbe.35354
  • Seybold, C., Fröhlich, K., Bitsch, R., Otto, K. & Böhm, V., (2004). Changes in contents of carotenoids and vitamin E during tomato processing, Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 52, 7005-7010. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf049169c
  • Singleton, V.L., Rossi, J.A., (1965). Colorimetry of total phenolics with phosphomolybdic-phosphotungstic acid reagents, American Journal of Enology and Viticulture, 16, 144.
  • Stahl, W., Sies, H., (1992). Uptake of lycopene and its geometrical isomers is greater from heat-processed than from unprocessed tomato juice in humans, Journal of Nutrition, 122, 2161-2166. https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/122.11.2161
  • Tomas, M., Beekwilder, J., Hall, R. D., Sagdic, O., Boyacioglu, D., Capanoglu, E. (2017). Industrial processing versus home processing of tomato sauce: Effects on phenolics, flavonoids and in vitro bioaccessibility of antioxidants. Food Chemistry, 220, 51-58. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.09.201
  • Tomaş, M., Sağdiç, O., Çatalkaya, G., Kahveci, D., Çapanoğlu, E. (2019). Effects of cooking and extra virgin olive oil addition on bioaccessibility of carotenes in tomato sauce. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 43. https://doi.org/10.3906/tar-1801-127
  • Vallejo, F., Tomás‐Barberán, F. A., & García‐Viguera, C. (2003). Phenolic compound contents in edible parts of broccoli inflorescences after domestic cooking. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 83(14), 1511-1516. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.1585
  • Wachtel-Galor, S., Wong, K.W., Benzie, I.F. (2008). The effect of cooking on Brassica vegetables. Food chemistry, 110(3), 706-710. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2008.02.056
  • Yilmaz, Y., Toledo, R. (2005). Antioxidant activity of water-soluble Maillard reaction products. Food Chemistry, 93(2), 273–278. https://10.1016/j.foodchem.2004.09.043

Effects of ingredients and cooking time on total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of different homemade tomato sauces

Year 2021, Volume: 7 Issue: 2, 84 - 90, 01.02.2021

Çağla Özer

https://doi.org/10.3153/FH21010

Abstract

Tomato is one of the most consumed fruits in the world. Tomato sauce, a tomato product, is one of the mother sauces that has been developed by Escoffier (1846-1935). Nowadays, tomato sauce has been adapted by each country according to their own culinary culture. In the current study four different tomato sauce recipes were investigated in the context of their antioxidant activity and total phenolic content. Hydrophilic and lipophilic extractions of samples were evaluated separately. It was found that there is a relationship between total phenolic content and antioxidant activity in hydrophilic extraction. However, no similar correlation was found between total phenolic content and antioxidant activity in lipophilic extraction. According to the results, the highest antioxidant activity of both hydrophilic and lipophilic extractions was observed in S1 with the values 25.53±1.01 and 45.48±2.06 respectively. In lipophilic extraction, S2 had the lowest antioxidant activity with 32.77±1.07, because of the lack of the ingredients high in lipophilic antioxidant compounds. It was observed that the shortest cooking time with 10 min provide the highest retention of antioxidant activity and total phenolic content in this sauce. Also, antioxidant activity of lipophilic extraction for longer cooking time applied sauces (S4) could be kept high with ingredients such as carrot. It can be suggested that adding of ingredients which have antioxidant activity may be useful for providing bioactive properties in long cooking time procedures and it should be noted that the length of cooking time negatively affected the TPC values.

Keywords

Antioxidan activity Cooking time Tomato sauces Gastronomy Total phenolic component

References

  • Arranz, S., Martinez-Huelamo, M., Vallverdu-Queralt, A., Valderas-Martinez, P., Illan, M., Sacanella, E., Escribano, E., Estruch R., Lamuela-Raventos, R.M. (2015). Influence of olive oil on carotenoid absorption from tomato juice and effects on postprandial lipemia. Food Chemistry, 168, 203-210. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.07.053
  • Bae, H., Jayaprakasha, G. K., Jifon, J., Patil, B. S. (2012). Variation of antioxidant activity and the levels of bioactive compounds in lipophilic and hydrophilic extracts from hot pepper (Capsicum spp.) cultivars. Food chemistry, 134(4), 1912-1918. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.03.108
  • Beltrán Sanahuja, A., De Pablo Gallego, S. L., Maestre Pérez, S. E., Valdés García, A., & Prats Moya, M. S. (2019). Influence of cooking and ingredients on the antioxidant activity, phenolic content and volatile profile of different variants of the mediterranean typical tomato sofrito. Antioxidants, 8(11), 551. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox8110551
  • Buchner, N., Krumbein, A., Rohn, S., & Kroh, L. W. (2006). Effect of thermal processing on the flavonols rutin and quercetin. Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry: An International Journal Devoted to the Rapid Dissemination of Up‐to‐the‐Minute Research in Mass Spectrometry, 20(21), 3229-3235. https://doi.org/10.1002/rcm.2720
  • Capanoglu, E., Beekwilder, J., Boyacioglu, D., Hall, R. & De Vos, C.H.R. (2008). Changes in antioxidants and metabolite profiles during production of tomato paste, Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 56(3), 964-973. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf072990e
  • Cemeroğlu, B. (2013). Gıda analizleri (Editor: Cemeroğlu, B.). Bizim Büro Basımevi, ISBN: 9786056341939.
  • Chang, C.H., Lin, H.Y., Chang, C.Y., Liu, Y.C. (2006). Comparisons on the antioxidant properties of fresh, freeze-dried and hot-air-dried tomatoes, Journal of Food Engineering, 77(3), 478-485. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2005.06.061
  • Corzo-Martínez, M., Corzo, N., Villamiel, M. (2007). Biological properties of onions and garlic. Trends in food science & technology, 18(12), 609-625. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2007.07.011
  • Cracknell, H.L., Kaufmann, R., J. (2011). Escoffier Le Guide Culinaire. 2nd edition. John Wiley&Sons Inc., ISBN: 978-0470900277.
  • Dewanto, V., Wu, X., Adom, K.K. & Liu, R.H., (2002). Thermal processing enhances the nutritional value of tomatoes by increasing total antioxidant activity, Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 50, 3010-3014. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf0115589
  • Dimitrios, B. (2006). Sources of natural phenolic antioxidants. Trends in Food Science & Technology, 17(9), 505-512. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2006.04.004
  • Donkor, S., Agyekum, A.K., Akuamoa, F., Adu-Bobi, N.A.K., Achel, D.G., Asare, I.K., Kyei, J. (2015). Antioxidant potentials of tomato paste extracts found on major markets in Accra Metropolis. American Journal of Applied Chemistry, 3(5):158-163. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajac.20150305.11
  • Forbes-Hernandez, T. Y., Gasparrini, M., Afrin, S., Bompadre, S., Mezzetti, B., Quiles, J. L., Giampieri F. & Battino, M. (2016). The healthy effects of strawberry polyphenols: which strategy behind antioxidant capacity? Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 56(sup1), S46-S59. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2015.1051919
  • Gahler, S., Otto, K., Böhm, V. (2003). Alterations of vitamin C, total phenolics, and antioxidant capacity as affected by processing tomatoes to 137 different products, Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 51, 7962-7968. https://doi.ogr/10.1021/jf034743q
  • Gorinstein, S., Jastrzebski, Z., Leontowicz, H., Leontowicz, M., Namiesnik, J., Najman, K., Park, Y.S., Heo, B.G., Cho, J.Y., Bae, J.H. (2009). Comparative control of the bioactivity of some frequently consumed vegetables subjected to different processing conditions. Food Control, 20(4), 407-413. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2008.07.008 Hernández, M., Rodríguez, E., Díaz, C. (2007). Free hydroxycinnamic acids, lycopene, and color parameters in tomato cultivars. Journal of Agricultural And Food Chemistry, 55, 8604-8615. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf071069u
  • Kampa, M., Hatzoglou, A., Notas, G., Damianaki, A., Bakogeorgou, E., Ge-metzi, C., Kouroumalis, E., Martin, P.M. & Castanas, E. (2000). Wine antioxidant polyphenols inhibit the proliferation of human prostate cancer cell lines. Nutrition and Cancer, 37(2), 223–233. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327914NC372_16
  • Knockaert, G., Pulissery, S. K., Colle, I., Van Buggenhout, S., Hendrickx, M., & Van Loey, A. (2012). Lycopene degradation, isomerization and in vitro bioaccessibility in high pressure homogenized tomato puree containing oil: Effect of additional thermal and high pressure processing. Food Chemistry, 135(3), 1290–1297. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.05.065
  • Martínez-Huélamo, M., Tulipani, S., Estruch, R., Escribano, E., Illán, M., Corella, D., & Lamuela-Raventós, R.M. (2015). The tomato sauce making process affects the bioaccessibility and bioavailability of tomato phenolics: A pharmacokinetic study. Food Chemistry, 173, 864-872. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.09.156
  • Meyer, F., Galan, P., Douville, P., Bairati, I., Kegle, P., Bertrais, S., Estaquio C., Hercberg, S. (2005). Antioxidant vitamin and mineral supplementation and prostate cancer prevention in the SU.VI.MAX trial. International Journal of Cancer, 116(2), 182–186. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.21058
  • Motilva, M.J., Maciá, A., Paz-Romero, M., Labrador, A., Domínguez, A., Peiró, L. (2014). Optimisation and validation of analytical methods for the simultaneous extraction of antioxidants: Application to the analysis of tomato sauces. Food Chemistry, 163, 234-243. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.04.096
  • Mozos, I., Stoian, D., Caraba, A., Malainer, C., Horbańczuk, J.O., Atanasov, A.G. (2018). Lycopene and Vascular Health. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 9, 521. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2018.00521
  • Nahak, G., Suar, M., Sahu, R. K. (2014). Antioxidant potential and nutritional values of vegetables: a review. Research Journal of Medicinal Plants, 8(2), 50-81. https://doi.org/10.3923/rjmp.2014.50.81
  • Ricci, A., Antonini, E., Ninfali, P. (2017). Homemade Tomato Sauce in the Mediterranean Diet: A Rich Source of Antioxidants. Italian Journal of Food Science, 30(1). https://doi.org/10.14674/IJFS-980
  • Sahlin, E., Savage, G.P., Lister, C.E. (2004). Investigation of the antioxidant properties of tomatoes after processing, Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 17, 635–647. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfca.2003.10.003
  • Sekin, Y., Bağdatlioğlu, N., & Kirdinli, Ö. (2005). Domates konservesi üretiminde çeşitli faktörlerin likopen niceliğine etkisi. Celal Bayar Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, 1(1), 7-14. https://doi.org/10.18466/cbufbe.35354
  • Seybold, C., Fröhlich, K., Bitsch, R., Otto, K. & Böhm, V., (2004). Changes in contents of carotenoids and vitamin E during tomato processing, Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 52, 7005-7010. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf049169c
  • Singleton, V.L., Rossi, J.A., (1965). Colorimetry of total phenolics with phosphomolybdic-phosphotungstic acid reagents, American Journal of Enology and Viticulture, 16, 144.
  • Stahl, W., Sies, H., (1992). Uptake of lycopene and its geometrical isomers is greater from heat-processed than from unprocessed tomato juice in humans, Journal of Nutrition, 122, 2161-2166. https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/122.11.2161
  • Tomas, M., Beekwilder, J., Hall, R. D., Sagdic, O., Boyacioglu, D., Capanoglu, E. (2017). Industrial processing versus home processing of tomato sauce: Effects on phenolics, flavonoids and in vitro bioaccessibility of antioxidants. Food Chemistry, 220, 51-58. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.09.201
  • Tomaş, M., Sağdiç, O., Çatalkaya, G., Kahveci, D., Çapanoğlu, E. (2019). Effects of cooking and extra virgin olive oil addition on bioaccessibility of carotenes in tomato sauce. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 43. https://doi.org/10.3906/tar-1801-127
  • Vallejo, F., Tomás‐Barberán, F. A., & García‐Viguera, C. (2003). Phenolic compound contents in edible parts of broccoli inflorescences after domestic cooking. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 83(14), 1511-1516. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.1585
  • Wachtel-Galor, S., Wong, K.W., Benzie, I.F. (2008). The effect of cooking on Brassica vegetables. Food chemistry, 110(3), 706-710. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2008.02.056
  • Yilmaz, Y., Toledo, R. (2005). Antioxidant activity of water-soluble Maillard reaction products. Food Chemistry, 93(2), 273–278. https://10.1016/j.foodchem.2004.09.043
There are 33 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Food Engineering
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Çağla Özer 0000-0001-8471-8607

Publication Date February 1, 2021
Submission Date August 9, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2021Volume: 7 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Özer, Ç. (2021). Effects of ingredients and cooking time on total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of different homemade tomato sauces. Food and Health, 7(2), 84-90. https://doi.org/10.3153/FH21010
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