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THE EFFECT OF DIFFERENT SOLVENTS ON CHEMICAL COMPOSITION, ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY, AND ANTIMICROBIAL POTENTIAL OF TURKISH CISTUS CRETICUS EXTRACTS

Year 2023, Volume: 48 Issue: 4, 728 - 740, 15.08.2023

Ayça Gedikoğlu Hale İnci Öztürk Ezgi Aytaç

https://doi.org/10.15237/gida.GD23047

Abstract

The aims of this study were (1) to assess the extract yield, antioxidant activity, and antimicrobial activity of Cistus creticus extracts obtained from different locations in Türkiye (2) to evaluate the effect of water and methanol solvents on chemical composition, total polyphenol and flavonoid content, IC50, and FRAP values of C. creticus. The extracts had a weak inhibitory effect against tested microorganisms. However, the results of antioxidant assays were very promising. The IC50 values of methanol and water extracts were 13.94 µg/mL and 34.41 µg/mL, respectively. Similarly, the FRAP value of methanolic extract (1.27 M/g) was higher than the water extract (0.72 M/g). The results of HPLC analysis demonstrated that rutin was found only in the methanol extract (13.252%). In addition, the methanol extract had a higher content of quercetin (7.909%), benzoic acid (4.226%), and chlorogenic acid (2.168%), whereas the water extract possessed a higher amount of gallic acid (13.705%).

Keywords

Plant extract Antioxidant activity Bioactive substances Flavanoids Phenolics

Supporting Institution

Konya Food and Agriculture University

Project Number

BAP-2017/0012

Thanks

The authors gratefully appreciate the financial support from Konya Food and Agriculture University (Project No: BAP-2017/0012). Also, we would like to thank Prof. Dr. Münevver Sökmen for obtaining plant material and Prof. Dr. Menşure Özgüven for her help during plant identification.

References

  • Akkol, E.K., Orhan, I.E., Yeşilada, E. (2012). Anticholinesterase and antioxidant effects of the ethanol extract, ethanol fractions and isolated flavonoids from Cistus laurifolius L. leaves. Food Chemistry, 131(2): 626-631, doi:10.1016/ j.foodchem.2011.09.041.
  • Alcaraz, L.E., Blanco, S.E., Puig, O.N., Tomas, F., Ferretti, F.H. (2000). Antibacterial activity of flavonoids against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains. Journal of Theorical Biology, 205: 231–240, doi:10.1006/jtbi.2000.2062.
  • Avila, H.P., Smânia, F.A., Monache, F.D., Smânia Júnior, A. (2008). Structure-activity relationship of antibacterial chalcones. Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, 16: 9790–9794, doi:10.1016/j.bmc. 2008.09.064.
  • Barrajón-Catalán, E., Fernández-Arroyo, S., Roldán, C., Guillén, E., Saura, D., Segura-Carretero, A., Micol, V. (2011). A systematic study of the polyphenolic composition of aqueous extracts deriving from several Cistus genus species: evolutionary relationship. Phytochemical Analysis, 22(4): 303-312, doi:10.1002/pca.1281.
  • Bouyahya, A., Abrini, J., El-Baabou, A., Bakri, Y., Dakka, N. (2016). Determination of phenol content and antibacterial activity of five medicinal plants ethanolic extracts from North-West of Morocco. Journal of Plant Pathology & Microbiology 7(4): 1000342, doi:10.4172/2157-7471.1000342.
  • Carev, I., Maravić, A., Ilić, N., Čikeš Čulić, V., Politeo, O., Zorić, Z., Radan, M. (2020). UPLC-MS/MS phytochemical analysis of two croatian Cistus species and their biological activity. Life, 10(7): 112, doi:10.3390/life10070112.
  • Ciumărnean, L., Milaciu, M.V., Runcan, O., Vesa Ș,C., Răchișan, A.L., Negrean, V., Perné, M.G., Donca, V.I., Alexescu, T.G., Para, I., Dogaru, G. (2020). The effects of flavonoids in cardiovascular diseases. Molecules, 25, 4320, doi:10.3390/ molecules25184320.
  • Cox-Georgian, D., Ramadoss, N., Dona, C., Basu, C. (2019). Therapeutic and medicinal uses of terpenes. Medicinal Plants: From Farm to Pharmacy. Cham: Springer International Publishing.
  • Cuendet, M., Potterat, O., Hostettmann, K. (2001). Flavonoids and phenylpropanoid derivatives from Campanula barbata. Phytochemistry, 56(6): 631-636, doi:10.1016/S0031-9422(00)00423-4.
  • Djeridane, A., Yousfi, M., Nadjemi, B., Boutassouna, D., Stocker, P., Vidal, N. (2006). Antioxidant activity of some Algerian medicinal plants extracts containing phenolic compounds. Food Chemistry, 97(4): 654-660, doi:10.1016/ j.foodchem.2005.04.028.
  • Gedikoğlu, A. (2022). Antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of commercialized Turkish propolis extract, and application to beef meatballs. Turkish Journal of Agriculture-Food Science and Technology, 10(10): 2021-2029, doi:10.24925/ turjaf.v10i10.2021-2029.5340.
  • Gedikoğlu, A., Öztürk, H.İ., Buzrul, S., Sökmen, M., Aytaç, E. (2022). Effect of pink rock rose extract with or without ascorbic acid and sodium ascorbate for the preservation of ready-to-eat frankfurter type sausages. Turkish Journal of Agriculture-Food Science and Technology, 10(12): 2545-2553, doi:10.24925/turjaf.v10i12.2545-2553.5556.
  • Gedikoğlu, A., Sökmen, M., Çivit, A. (2019). Evaluation of Thymus vulgaris and Thymbra spicata essential oils and plant extracts for chemical composition, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties. Food Science & Nutrition, 7(5): 1704-1714, doi:10.1002/fsn3.1007.
  • Górniak, I., Bartoszewski, R., Króliczewski, J. (2019). Comprehensive review of antimicrobial activities of plant flavonoids. Phytochemistry Reviews, 18(1): 241-272, doi:10.1007/s11101-018-9591-z.
  • Gürbüz, P., Kosar, M., Güvenalp, Z., Uz, A., Demirezer, L. (2018). Simultaneous determination of selected flavonoids from different Cistus species by HPLC-PDA. Journal of Research in Pharmacy, 22(3): 405-410, doi:10.12991/jrp.2018.80.
  • Güvenç, A., Yıldız, S., Özkan, A.M., Erdurak, C.S., Coşkun, M., Yılmaz, G., Okuyama, T., Okada, Y. (2005). Antimicrobiological studies on Turkish Cistus. species. Pharmaceutical Biology, 43(2): 178-183, doi:10.1080/ 13880200590919537.
  • Hitl, M., Bijelić, K., Stilinović, N., Božin, B., Srđenović-Čonić, B., Torović, L., Kladar, N. (2022). Phytochemistry and antihyperglycemic potential of Cistus salviifolius L., Cistaceae. Molecules, 27, 8003, doi:10.3390/ molecules27228003.
  • Hudzicki, J. (2009). Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion susceptibility test protocol. American Society for Microbiology, 15: 55-63.
  • İnan, Y., Akyüz, S., Kurt-Celep, I., Celep, E., Yesilada, E. (2021). Influence of in vitro human digestion simulation on the phenolics contents and biological activities of the aqueous extracts from Turkish Cistus species. Molecules, 26(17):5322, doi:10.3390/molecules26175322.
  • Irigoiti, Y., Yamul, D.K., Navarro, A.S. (2021). Co-crystallized sucrose with propolis extract as a food ingredient: Powder characterization and antioxidant stability. LWT, 143: 111164, doi:10.1016/j.lwt.2021.111164.
  • Küpeli, E., Yesilada, E. (2007). Flavonoids with anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activity from Cistus laurifolius L. leaves through bioassay-guided procedures. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 112(3): 524-530, doi:10.1016/j.jep.2007.04.011.
  • Liu, X.L., Xu, Y.J., Go, M.L. (2008). Functionalized chalcones with basic functionalities have antibacterial activity against drug sensitive Staphylococcus aureus. European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 43: 1681–1687, doi:10.1016/j.ejmech.2007.10.007
  • Matłok, N., Lachowicz, S., Gorzelany, J., Balawejder, M. (2020). Influence of drying method on some bioactive compounds and the composition of volatile components in dried pink rock rose (Cistus creticus L.). Molecules, 25(11): 2596, doi:10.3390/molecules25112596.
  • Mastino, P. M., Mauro, M., Jean, C., Juliano, C., Marianna, U. (2018). Analysis and potential antimicrobial activity of phenolic compounds in the extracts of Cistus creticus subspecies from Sardinia. Natural Product Journal 8, 166-174, doi:10.2174/2210315508666180327151318.
  • Onal, F.N., Ozturk, I., Aydin Kose, F., Der, G., Kilinc, E., Baykan, S., 2023. Comparative evaluation of polyphenol contents and biological activities of five Cistus L. species native to Turkey. Chemical Biodiversity, 20, e202200915, doi:10.1002/cbdv.202200915.
  • Paduch, R., Kandefer-Szerszeń, M., Trytek, M., Fiedurek, J. (2007). Terpenes: substances useful in human healthcare. Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis, 55(5): 315-327, doi:10.1007/s00005-007-0039-1.
  • Papaefthimiou, D., Papanikolaou, A., Falara, V., Givanoudi, S., Kostas, S., Kanellis, A.K. (2014). Genus Cistus: a model for exploring labdane-type diterpenes' biosynthesis and a natural source of high value products with biological, aromatic, and pharmacological properties. Frontiers in Chemistry 2, doi:10.3389/fchem.2014.00035.
  • Rebaya, A., Belghith, S.I., Cherif, J., Trabelsi-Ayadi, M. (2016). Total phenolic compounds and antioxidant potential of rokrose (Cistus salviifolius) leaves and flowers grown in Tunisia. International Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemical Research, 8: 327-331.
  • Riahi, L., Chograni, H., Elferchichi, M., Zaouali, Y., Zoghlami, N., Mliki, A. (2013). Variations in Tunisian wormwood essential oil profiles and phenolic contents between leaves and flowers and their effects on antioxidant activities. Industrial Crops and Products, 46: 290-296, doi:10.1016/ j.indcrop.2013.01.036.
  • Singh, D.P., Verma, S., Prabha, R. (2018). Investigations on antioxidant potential of phenolic acids and flavonoids: The common phytochemical ingredients in plants. Journal of Plant Biochemistry & Physiology, 6(3): 1000219, doi:10.4172/2329-9029.1000219.
  • Singleton, V.L., Rossi, J.A. (1965). Colorimetry of total phenolics with phosphomolybdic-phosphotungstic acid reagents. American Journal of Enology and Viticulture, 16(3): 144-158.
  • Skorić, M., Ćirić, A., Budimir, S., Janošević, D., Anđelković, B., Todosijević, M., Todorović, S., Soković, M., Glamočlija, J., Tešević, V., Gašić, U., Mišić, D., Kanellis, A.K. (2022). Bioactivity-guided identification and isolation of a major antimicrobial compound in Cistus creticus subsp. creticus leaves and resin “ladano”. Industrial Crops and Products, 184: 114992, doi:10.1016/ j.indcrop.2022.114992.
  • Skorić, M., Todorović, S., Gligorijević, N., Janković, R., Živković, S., Ristić, M., Radulović, S. (2012). Cytotoxic activity of ethanol extracts of in vitro grown Cistus creticus subsp. creticus L. on human cancer cell lines. Industrial Crops and Products, 38: 153-159, doi:10.1016/j.indcrop. 2012.01.017.
  • Şekeroğlu, N., Gezici, S. (2021). Rockrose (Cistus spp.) species as Turkey’s virus repellent plants: Traditional uses, bioactive chemical components and pharmacological activities. Mersin University School of Medicine Lokman Hekim Journal of History of Medicine and Folk Medicine, 11(2): 258-268, doi:10.31020/mutftd.895397.
  • Tomás-Menor, L., Morales-Soto, A., Barrajón-Catalán, E., Roldán-Segura, C., Segura-Carretero, A., Micol, V. (2013). Correlation between the antibacterial activity and the composition of extracts derived from various Spanish Cistus species. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 55: 313-322, doi:10.1016/j.fct.2013.01.006.
  • Waed, A., Ghalia, S., Adawia, K. (2016). Evaluation of radical scavenging activity, total phenolics and total flavonoids contents of Cistus species in Syria. International Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemical Research, 8: 1071-1077.
  • Yeşilyurt, B.E. (2012). Cistus. Türkiye Bitkileri Listesi (Damarlı Bitkiler). İstanbul: Nezahat Gökyiǧit Botanik Bahçesi Yayınları.

FARKLI ÇÖZÜCÜLERİN TÜRKİYE`DE YETİŞEN CİSTUS CRETICUS EKSTRAKLARININ KİMYASAL KOMPOZİSYON, ANTİOKSİDAN AKTİVİTE VE ANTİMİKROBİYAL POTANSİYELİNE ETKİSİ

Year 2023, Volume: 48 Issue: 4, 728 - 740, 15.08.2023

Ayça Gedikoğlu Hale İnci Öztürk Ezgi Aytaç

https://doi.org/10.15237/gida.GD23047

Abstract

Bu çalışmanın amaçları (1) Türkiye`nin farklı bölgelerinden toplanan Cistus creticus L. ekstrelerinin verim (%), antioksidan ve antimikrobiyal aktivitelerini değerlendirmek, (2) metanol ve su çözücülerinin Cistus creticus L ekstrelerinin kimyasal kompozisyon, toplam fenolik ve flavanoid miktarlarına, IC50 ve FRAP değerlerine etkisini araştırmaktır. Ekstreler zayıf bir antimikrobiyal etki gösterirken, antioksidan deneylerinin sonuçları çok umut vericidir. IC50 değerleri metanol ve su ekstreleri için sırasıyla 13.94 µg/mL ve 34.41 µg/mL'dir. Benzer olarak, metanol ekstresinin FRAP değeri (1.27 M/g) su ekstresininkinden (0.72 M/g) daha yüksek çıkmıştır. HPLC analizinin sonuçları rutinin sadece (%13.252) metanol ekstresinde olduğunu göstermektedir. Ayrıca, metanol ekstresi daha yüksek miktarda kuersetin (%7.909), benzoik asit (%4.226) ve klorojenik asit (%2.168) içerirken, buna karşın su ekstresi daha yüksek miktarda gallik asit değerine (%13.705) sahiptir.

Keywords

Bitki ekstresi Antioksidan aktivite Biyoaktif maddeler Flavanoidler Fenolikler

Project Number

BAP-2017/0012

References

  • Akkol, E.K., Orhan, I.E., Yeşilada, E. (2012). Anticholinesterase and antioxidant effects of the ethanol extract, ethanol fractions and isolated flavonoids from Cistus laurifolius L. leaves. Food Chemistry, 131(2): 626-631, doi:10.1016/ j.foodchem.2011.09.041.
  • Alcaraz, L.E., Blanco, S.E., Puig, O.N., Tomas, F., Ferretti, F.H. (2000). Antibacterial activity of flavonoids against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains. Journal of Theorical Biology, 205: 231–240, doi:10.1006/jtbi.2000.2062.
  • Avila, H.P., Smânia, F.A., Monache, F.D., Smânia Júnior, A. (2008). Structure-activity relationship of antibacterial chalcones. Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, 16: 9790–9794, doi:10.1016/j.bmc. 2008.09.064.
  • Barrajón-Catalán, E., Fernández-Arroyo, S., Roldán, C., Guillén, E., Saura, D., Segura-Carretero, A., Micol, V. (2011). A systematic study of the polyphenolic composition of aqueous extracts deriving from several Cistus genus species: evolutionary relationship. Phytochemical Analysis, 22(4): 303-312, doi:10.1002/pca.1281.
  • Bouyahya, A., Abrini, J., El-Baabou, A., Bakri, Y., Dakka, N. (2016). Determination of phenol content and antibacterial activity of five medicinal plants ethanolic extracts from North-West of Morocco. Journal of Plant Pathology & Microbiology 7(4): 1000342, doi:10.4172/2157-7471.1000342.
  • Carev, I., Maravić, A., Ilić, N., Čikeš Čulić, V., Politeo, O., Zorić, Z., Radan, M. (2020). UPLC-MS/MS phytochemical analysis of two croatian Cistus species and their biological activity. Life, 10(7): 112, doi:10.3390/life10070112.
  • Ciumărnean, L., Milaciu, M.V., Runcan, O., Vesa Ș,C., Răchișan, A.L., Negrean, V., Perné, M.G., Donca, V.I., Alexescu, T.G., Para, I., Dogaru, G. (2020). The effects of flavonoids in cardiovascular diseases. Molecules, 25, 4320, doi:10.3390/ molecules25184320.
  • Cox-Georgian, D., Ramadoss, N., Dona, C., Basu, C. (2019). Therapeutic and medicinal uses of terpenes. Medicinal Plants: From Farm to Pharmacy. Cham: Springer International Publishing.
  • Cuendet, M., Potterat, O., Hostettmann, K. (2001). Flavonoids and phenylpropanoid derivatives from Campanula barbata. Phytochemistry, 56(6): 631-636, doi:10.1016/S0031-9422(00)00423-4.
  • Djeridane, A., Yousfi, M., Nadjemi, B., Boutassouna, D., Stocker, P., Vidal, N. (2006). Antioxidant activity of some Algerian medicinal plants extracts containing phenolic compounds. Food Chemistry, 97(4): 654-660, doi:10.1016/ j.foodchem.2005.04.028.
  • Gedikoğlu, A. (2022). Antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of commercialized Turkish propolis extract, and application to beef meatballs. Turkish Journal of Agriculture-Food Science and Technology, 10(10): 2021-2029, doi:10.24925/ turjaf.v10i10.2021-2029.5340.
  • Gedikoğlu, A., Öztürk, H.İ., Buzrul, S., Sökmen, M., Aytaç, E. (2022). Effect of pink rock rose extract with or without ascorbic acid and sodium ascorbate for the preservation of ready-to-eat frankfurter type sausages. Turkish Journal of Agriculture-Food Science and Technology, 10(12): 2545-2553, doi:10.24925/turjaf.v10i12.2545-2553.5556.
  • Gedikoğlu, A., Sökmen, M., Çivit, A. (2019). Evaluation of Thymus vulgaris and Thymbra spicata essential oils and plant extracts for chemical composition, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties. Food Science & Nutrition, 7(5): 1704-1714, doi:10.1002/fsn3.1007.
  • Górniak, I., Bartoszewski, R., Króliczewski, J. (2019). Comprehensive review of antimicrobial activities of plant flavonoids. Phytochemistry Reviews, 18(1): 241-272, doi:10.1007/s11101-018-9591-z.
  • Gürbüz, P., Kosar, M., Güvenalp, Z., Uz, A., Demirezer, L. (2018). Simultaneous determination of selected flavonoids from different Cistus species by HPLC-PDA. Journal of Research in Pharmacy, 22(3): 405-410, doi:10.12991/jrp.2018.80.
  • Güvenç, A., Yıldız, S., Özkan, A.M., Erdurak, C.S., Coşkun, M., Yılmaz, G., Okuyama, T., Okada, Y. (2005). Antimicrobiological studies on Turkish Cistus. species. Pharmaceutical Biology, 43(2): 178-183, doi:10.1080/ 13880200590919537.
  • Hitl, M., Bijelić, K., Stilinović, N., Božin, B., Srđenović-Čonić, B., Torović, L., Kladar, N. (2022). Phytochemistry and antihyperglycemic potential of Cistus salviifolius L., Cistaceae. Molecules, 27, 8003, doi:10.3390/ molecules27228003.
  • Hudzicki, J. (2009). Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion susceptibility test protocol. American Society for Microbiology, 15: 55-63.
  • İnan, Y., Akyüz, S., Kurt-Celep, I., Celep, E., Yesilada, E. (2021). Influence of in vitro human digestion simulation on the phenolics contents and biological activities of the aqueous extracts from Turkish Cistus species. Molecules, 26(17):5322, doi:10.3390/molecules26175322.
  • Irigoiti, Y., Yamul, D.K., Navarro, A.S. (2021). Co-crystallized sucrose with propolis extract as a food ingredient: Powder characterization and antioxidant stability. LWT, 143: 111164, doi:10.1016/j.lwt.2021.111164.
  • Küpeli, E., Yesilada, E. (2007). Flavonoids with anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activity from Cistus laurifolius L. leaves through bioassay-guided procedures. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 112(3): 524-530, doi:10.1016/j.jep.2007.04.011.
  • Liu, X.L., Xu, Y.J., Go, M.L. (2008). Functionalized chalcones with basic functionalities have antibacterial activity against drug sensitive Staphylococcus aureus. European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 43: 1681–1687, doi:10.1016/j.ejmech.2007.10.007
  • Matłok, N., Lachowicz, S., Gorzelany, J., Balawejder, M. (2020). Influence of drying method on some bioactive compounds and the composition of volatile components in dried pink rock rose (Cistus creticus L.). Molecules, 25(11): 2596, doi:10.3390/molecules25112596.
  • Mastino, P. M., Mauro, M., Jean, C., Juliano, C., Marianna, U. (2018). Analysis and potential antimicrobial activity of phenolic compounds in the extracts of Cistus creticus subspecies from Sardinia. Natural Product Journal 8, 166-174, doi:10.2174/2210315508666180327151318.
  • Onal, F.N., Ozturk, I., Aydin Kose, F., Der, G., Kilinc, E., Baykan, S., 2023. Comparative evaluation of polyphenol contents and biological activities of five Cistus L. species native to Turkey. Chemical Biodiversity, 20, e202200915, doi:10.1002/cbdv.202200915.
  • Paduch, R., Kandefer-Szerszeń, M., Trytek, M., Fiedurek, J. (2007). Terpenes: substances useful in human healthcare. Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis, 55(5): 315-327, doi:10.1007/s00005-007-0039-1.
  • Papaefthimiou, D., Papanikolaou, A., Falara, V., Givanoudi, S., Kostas, S., Kanellis, A.K. (2014). Genus Cistus: a model for exploring labdane-type diterpenes' biosynthesis and a natural source of high value products with biological, aromatic, and pharmacological properties. Frontiers in Chemistry 2, doi:10.3389/fchem.2014.00035.
  • Rebaya, A., Belghith, S.I., Cherif, J., Trabelsi-Ayadi, M. (2016). Total phenolic compounds and antioxidant potential of rokrose (Cistus salviifolius) leaves and flowers grown in Tunisia. International Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemical Research, 8: 327-331.
  • Riahi, L., Chograni, H., Elferchichi, M., Zaouali, Y., Zoghlami, N., Mliki, A. (2013). Variations in Tunisian wormwood essential oil profiles and phenolic contents between leaves and flowers and their effects on antioxidant activities. Industrial Crops and Products, 46: 290-296, doi:10.1016/ j.indcrop.2013.01.036.
  • Singh, D.P., Verma, S., Prabha, R. (2018). Investigations on antioxidant potential of phenolic acids and flavonoids: The common phytochemical ingredients in plants. Journal of Plant Biochemistry & Physiology, 6(3): 1000219, doi:10.4172/2329-9029.1000219.
  • Singleton, V.L., Rossi, J.A. (1965). Colorimetry of total phenolics with phosphomolybdic-phosphotungstic acid reagents. American Journal of Enology and Viticulture, 16(3): 144-158.
  • Skorić, M., Ćirić, A., Budimir, S., Janošević, D., Anđelković, B., Todosijević, M., Todorović, S., Soković, M., Glamočlija, J., Tešević, V., Gašić, U., Mišić, D., Kanellis, A.K. (2022). Bioactivity-guided identification and isolation of a major antimicrobial compound in Cistus creticus subsp. creticus leaves and resin “ladano”. Industrial Crops and Products, 184: 114992, doi:10.1016/ j.indcrop.2022.114992.
  • Skorić, M., Todorović, S., Gligorijević, N., Janković, R., Živković, S., Ristić, M., Radulović, S. (2012). Cytotoxic activity of ethanol extracts of in vitro grown Cistus creticus subsp. creticus L. on human cancer cell lines. Industrial Crops and Products, 38: 153-159, doi:10.1016/j.indcrop. 2012.01.017.
  • Şekeroğlu, N., Gezici, S. (2021). Rockrose (Cistus spp.) species as Turkey’s virus repellent plants: Traditional uses, bioactive chemical components and pharmacological activities. Mersin University School of Medicine Lokman Hekim Journal of History of Medicine and Folk Medicine, 11(2): 258-268, doi:10.31020/mutftd.895397.
  • Tomás-Menor, L., Morales-Soto, A., Barrajón-Catalán, E., Roldán-Segura, C., Segura-Carretero, A., Micol, V. (2013). Correlation between the antibacterial activity and the composition of extracts derived from various Spanish Cistus species. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 55: 313-322, doi:10.1016/j.fct.2013.01.006.
  • Waed, A., Ghalia, S., Adawia, K. (2016). Evaluation of radical scavenging activity, total phenolics and total flavonoids contents of Cistus species in Syria. International Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemical Research, 8: 1071-1077.
  • Yeşilyurt, B.E. (2012). Cistus. Türkiye Bitkileri Listesi (Damarlı Bitkiler). İstanbul: Nezahat Gökyiǧit Botanik Bahçesi Yayınları.
There are 37 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Food Engineering
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Ayça Gedikoğlu 0000-0002-5105-141X

Hale İnci Öztürk 0000-0001-8334-0403

Ezgi Aytaç 0000-0001-6447-5273

Project Number BAP-2017/0012
Publication Date August 15, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 48 Issue: 4

Cite

APA Gedikoğlu, A., Öztürk, H. İ., & Aytaç, E. (2023). THE EFFECT OF DIFFERENT SOLVENTS ON CHEMICAL COMPOSITION, ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY, AND ANTIMICROBIAL POTENTIAL OF TURKISH CISTUS CRETICUS EXTRACTS. Gıda, 48(4), 728-740. https://doi.org/10.15237/gida.GD23047
AMA Gedikoğlu A, Öztürk Hİ, Aytaç E. THE EFFECT OF DIFFERENT SOLVENTS ON CHEMICAL COMPOSITION, ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY, AND ANTIMICROBIAL POTENTIAL OF TURKISH CISTUS CRETICUS EXTRACTS. The Journal of Food. August 2023;48(4):728-740. doi:10.15237/gida.GD23047
Chicago Gedikoğlu, Ayça, Hale İnci Öztürk, and Ezgi Aytaç. “THE EFFECT OF DIFFERENT SOLVENTS ON CHEMICAL COMPOSITION, ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY, AND ANTIMICROBIAL POTENTIAL OF TURKISH CISTUS CRETICUS EXTRACTS”. Gıda 48, no. 4 (August 2023): 728-40. https://doi.org/10.15237/gida.GD23047.
EndNote Gedikoğlu A, Öztürk Hİ, Aytaç E (August 1, 2023) THE EFFECT OF DIFFERENT SOLVENTS ON CHEMICAL COMPOSITION, ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY, AND ANTIMICROBIAL POTENTIAL OF TURKISH CISTUS CRETICUS EXTRACTS. Gıda 48 4 728–740.
IEEE A. Gedikoğlu, H. İ. Öztürk, and E. Aytaç, “THE EFFECT OF DIFFERENT SOLVENTS ON CHEMICAL COMPOSITION, ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY, AND ANTIMICROBIAL POTENTIAL OF TURKISH CISTUS CRETICUS EXTRACTS”, The Journal of Food, vol. 48, no. 4, pp. 728–740, 2023, doi: 10.15237/gida.GD23047.
ISNAD Gedikoğlu, Ayça et al. “THE EFFECT OF DIFFERENT SOLVENTS ON CHEMICAL COMPOSITION, ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY, AND ANTIMICROBIAL POTENTIAL OF TURKISH CISTUS CRETICUS EXTRACTS”. Gıda 48/4 (August 2023), 728-740. https://doi.org/10.15237/gida.GD23047.
JAMA Gedikoğlu A, Öztürk Hİ, Aytaç E. THE EFFECT OF DIFFERENT SOLVENTS ON CHEMICAL COMPOSITION, ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY, AND ANTIMICROBIAL POTENTIAL OF TURKISH CISTUS CRETICUS EXTRACTS. The Journal of Food. 2023;48:728–740.
MLA Gedikoğlu, Ayça et al. “THE EFFECT OF DIFFERENT SOLVENTS ON CHEMICAL COMPOSITION, ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY, AND ANTIMICROBIAL POTENTIAL OF TURKISH CISTUS CRETICUS EXTRACTS”. Gıda, vol. 48, no. 4, 2023, pp. 728-40, doi:10.15237/gida.GD23047.
Vancouver Gedikoğlu A, Öztürk Hİ, Aytaç E. THE EFFECT OF DIFFERENT SOLVENTS ON CHEMICAL COMPOSITION, ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY, AND ANTIMICROBIAL POTENTIAL OF TURKISH CISTUS CRETICUS EXTRACTS. The Journal of Food. 2023;48(4):728-40.
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