Satsuma mandarininde (Citrus unshiu Marc.) hasat öncesi salisilik asit ve giberellik asit uygulamalarının ağaçta depolamaya etkilerinin belirlenmesi
Öz
Amaç: Türkiye için önemli bir ihraç ürünü olan Satsuma mandarini ağaç üzerinde Ocak ayının başına kadar depolanmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, salisilik asit (SA) ve giberellik asitin (GA3) teksel ve birlikte uygulanmasının Satsuma mandarinin ağaç üzerinde depolanabilirliğine etkilerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır.
Materyal ve Yöntem: Bu amaçla Satsuma mandarin meyvesine renk dönümünden iki hafta önce 20 ppm GA₃, renk dönümünde 2 mM SA ve 1.5 ml/L Rezist teksel ve birlikte uygulanmıştır. Uygulama yapılmayanlar kontrol olarak kabul edilmiştir. Kasım ayının başından itibaren aylık aralıklarla üç dönemde hasat edilmiştir.
Araştırma Bulguları: SA ve GA₃ uygulamalarının teksel ve birlikte yapılması ağaçta depolama süresince dökülen meyve oranını, kabuk kalınlığının artışını ve özgül ağırlığının azalışını sınırlandırmıştır. GA₃’ün yer aldığı uygulamalar meyvelerin renklenmesini geciktirmiştir. İlk hasatta Rezist ve GA3 uygulanan meyvelerin olgunluk indisi daha düşük olmuştur.
Sonuç: Sonuçlar, Satsuma mandarin meyvelerine hasat öncesi yapılan uygulamaların meyve dökümünü engelleyerek, meyve ve kabuk yaşlanmasını geciktirerek ürünün ocak ayının başına kadar ağaç üstünde başarılı bir şekilde depolanabileceğini göstermiştir.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Turunçgiller meyve dökümü meyve kalitesi ağaçta depolama büyüme düzenleyici maddeler
Destekleyen Kurum
Stoller Turkey Organik Tarim San. Tic. A.Ş.
Kaynakça
- Aghdam, M.S., M. Asghari, M. Babalar & M.A.A. Sarcheshmeh, 2016. “Impact of Salicylic Acid on Postharvest Physiology of Fruits and Vegetables, 243-268”. In: Eco-Friendly Technology for Postharvest Produce Quality (Eds. M. W. Siddiqui), Academic Press, 304 pp.
- Anonymous, 2020. Stoller, “Rezist Ürün Bilgisi”. (Web page: http://stollereurope.com/en/productos/rezist/) (Date accessed: 25.01.2021).
- AOAC, 1995. Official Methods of Analysis (16th ed.). AOAC, Arlington, Virginia.
- Babalar, M., M. Asghari, A. Talaei & A. Khosroshahi, 2007. Effect of pre- and postharvest salicylic acid treatment on ethylene production, fungal decay and overall quality of Selva strawberry fruit. Food Chemistry, 105 (2): 449-453.
- Balkıç, R., H. Gübbük & L. Altınkaya, 2019. Gibberellik asit (GA₃) uygulamasının ‘Washington Navel’ portakalında derim öncesi meyve dökümü ve meyve kalitesi üzerine etkileri. Bahçe, 48 (2): 73-78.
- Ben-Ismail, M.C, E. Fedouli, M. El-Otmani & A. Ait Oubahou, 1995. “Fruit quality improvement in clementines (Citrus reticulate Blanco) by preharvest application of gibberellic acid, 120-120”. Postharvest Physiology, Pathology and Technologies for Horticultural, Commodities: Recent Advences, Proceedings of an International Symposium, Agadir, Morocco, 16-21 January 1995, 515 pp.
- Benzie, I.F.F. & J.J. Strain, 1996. The ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) as a measure of ‘Antioxidant Power’: The FRAP Assay. Analytical Iochemistry, 239 (1): 70-76.
- Coggins Jr., C.W., 1982. “The influence of exogenous growth regulators on rind quality and internal quality of citrus fruits, Proceedings-İnternational Society of Citriculture, (1): 214-216”. International Citrus Congress (November 9-12, 1982, Tokyo, Japan).
- Davies, F.S., 1986. “Growth regulator improvement of postharvest quality, 79-101”. In: Fresh Citrus Fruits. (Eds. W.F. Wardowski, S. Nagi & W. Grierson), Avi Publishing Company, Inc., Westport, Connecticut, USA, 571 pp.
- Ding, C.K. & C.Y. Wang, 2003, The dual effects of methyl salicylate on ripening and expression of ethylene biosynthetic genes in tomato fruit. Plant Science, 164: 589-596.
- Ding, C.K., C.Y. Wang, K.C. Gross & D.L. Smith, 2001. Reduction of chilling injury and transcript accumulation of heat shock proteins in tomato fruit by methyl jasmonate and methyl salicylate. Plant Science, 161: 1153-1159.
- El-Otmani, M. & C.W. Coggins Jr.,1991. Growth regulator effects on retention of quality of stored citrus fruit. Scientia Horticulturae, 45: 261-272.
- El-Otmani, M., A. Ait-M’Barek & C.W. Coggins Jr., 1990. GA₃ and 2,4-D prolong on-tree storage of citrus in Morocco. Scientia Horticulturae, 44: 241-249.
- El-Otmani, M., C.W. Coggins Jr., M. Agustí & C.J. Lovatt, 2000. Plant growth regulators in citriculture: World current uses. Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences, 19 (5): 395-447.
- El-Zeftawi, B.M., 1980. Effects of gibberellic acid and cycle on coloring and sizing of lemon. Scientia Horticulturae, 12: 177-181.
- Ferguson, L., M.A. Ismail, F.S. Davies & T.A. Wheaton, 1982. Pre and postharvest gibberellic acid and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid applications for increasing storage life grapefruit. Proceedings of the Florida State Horticultural Society, 95: 242-245.
- Ferguson, L., M.A. Ismail, F.S. Davies & T.A. Wheaton, 1984. Growth regulator and low volume irrigation effects on grapefruit quality and fruit drop. Scientia Horticulturae, 23: 35-40.
- Garcia-Luis, A., A. Herrero-Villen & J.L. Guardiola, 1992. Effects of applications of gibberellic acid on late growth, maturation and pigmentation of the Clementine mandarin. Scientia Horticulturae, 49: 71-82.
- Haider, S.T.A., S. Ahmad, M.A. Anjum, S. Naz, M. Liaquat & B. Saddiq, 2021. Effects of different postharvest techniques on quality management and shelf life of ‘Kinnow’ mandarin fruit. Journal of Food Measurement and Characterization, 15 (3): 1-13.
- Huang, R., R. Xia, Y. Lu, L. Hu & Y. Xu, 2008. Effect of pre-harvest salicylic acid spray treatment on post-harvest antioxidant in the pulp and peel of ‘Cara cara’ navel orange (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck). Journal Of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 88: 229-236.
- Ismail, M.A. & D.L. Wilhite, 1992. Effect of gibberellic acid and postharvest storage on the quality of Florida navel oranges. Proceedings of the Florida State Horticultural Society, 105:168-173.
- Karaçalı, İ., 2016. Bahçe Ürünlerinin Muhafazası ve Pazarlanması. Ege Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Yayınları No: 494, Bornova, İzmir.
- Karaçalı, İ., M. Yıldız, F. Yıldız, E. Özeker, P. Kınay & F. Şen, 2001. Mandarinlerde derim öncesi bazı uygulamaların yara onarımı, yeşil küf çürüklüğü ve depolamaya etkileri. TÜBİTAK TARP 2112 Nolu Proje Sonuç Raporu.
- McGuire, R. G., 1992. Reporting of objective color measurements. HortScience, 27 (12): 1254-1255.
- Mendilcioğlu, K., 1991. Turunçgiller. Ege Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi, Ofset Basımevi, Bornova, İzmir.
- Pozo, L., J.K. Kender, U. Hartmond & A. Grant, 2000. Effects of gibberrellic acid on ripening and rind puffing in ‘Sunburst’ mandarin. Proceedings of the Florida State Horticultural Society, 113: 102-105.
- Ritenour, M., M.S. Burton & T. Mccollum, 2005. Effect of pre- or postharvest gibberellic acid application on storage quality of florida ‘Fallglo’ tangerines and ‘Ruby’ red grapefruit. Proceedings of the Florida State Horticultural Society, 118: 385-388.
- Rokaya, P.R., D.R. Baral, D.M. Gautam, A.K. Shrestha & P. Paudyal, K2016. Effect of pre-harvest application of gibberellic acid on fruit quality and shelf life on mandarin (Citrus reticulate Blanco). American Journal of Plant Sciences, 7: 1033-1039.
- Romani, R.J., B.M. Hess & C.A. Leslie, 1989. Salicylic acid inhibition of ethylene production by apple discs and other plant tissues. Journal of Plant Growth Regulation, 8 (1): 63-69.
- Şen, F., 2004. Hasat sonrası sıcak su ve diğer bazı koruyucu uygulamaların Satsuma Mandarinin kalite ve dayanma gücüne etkileri. Ege Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü (Unpublished) PhD Thesis, Bornova-İzmir, 307 s.
- Şen, F., P. Kınay, İ. Karaçalı & M. Yıldız, 2009. Bazı büyüme düzenleyicilerin "satsuma" mandarininin ağaçta depolanma sürecinde meyve dökümü ve kalitesine etkileri. Ege Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi 46 (2): 93-100.
- Şen, F., P.K. Teksür, K.B. Meyvacı & H.Z. Can 2013. Effect of pre-harvest gibberellic acid and calcium applications on on-tree Storage of ‘Satsuma’ Mandarins. Acta Horticulturae, 1012: 233-239.
- Senthilkumar, S. & R.M. Vijayakumar, 2014. Biochemical, Physiological and Horticultural Perspectives of Fruit Colour Pigmentation: A Review. Research and Reviews: Journal of Agriculture and Allied Sciences, 3 (1): 9-16.
- Sezer, G., A. Mısırlı, A. Şen & N. Bilgin, 2020. ‘Valencia Late’ portakalının meyve kalitesi ve ağaçta depolanabilirliği üzerine hasat öncesi gibberellik asit uygulamalarının etkisi. Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology, 8 (11): 2361-2367.
- Srivastava, M.K. & U. Dwivedi, 2000. Delayed ripening of banana fruit by salicylic acid. Plant Science, 158 (1): 87-96.
- Taminaga, S., J.L. Guardiola, J.L. Garcia-Martinez & J.D. Quinlan, 1998. GA sprays delay and reduce physiological fruit drop in Ponkan Mandarin (Citrus retuculata Blanco). Acta Horticulturae, 463: 301-605.
- Tareen, M.J., N.A. Abbasi & I.A. Hafız, 2012. Effect of salicylic acid treatments on storage life of peach fruits cv. ‘Flordaking’. Pakistan Journal of Botany, 44 (1): 119-124.
- TÜİK, 2020. Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu, Bitkisel Üretim İstatistikleri. (Web page: www.tuik.gov.tr). (Date accessed: 22.02.2020)
- Tumminelli, R., F. Conti, U. Maltese, C. Pedrotti & E. Bordonaro, 2005. Effects of 2,4-D, triclopir and GA₃ on pre-harvest fruit drop and senescence of ‘Tarocco Comune’ blood oranges in Sicilian orchards. Acta Horticulturae, 682: 801-806.
- Zheng, W. & S.Y. Wang, 2001. Antioxidant Activity and Phenolic Compounds in Selected Herbs., Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, (49): 5165-5170.
The effect of pre-harvest salicylic acid and gibberellic acid applications on-tree storability in ‘Satsuma’ mandarins (Citrus unshiu Marc.)
Öz
Objective: Satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu Marc.), an important export product for Türkiye, is kept on the tree until the beginning of January. This study aimed to determine the effects of single and co-application of salicylic acid (SA) and gibberellic acid (GA3) on the storability of Satsuma mandarin on trees.
Material and Methods: For this purpose, 20 ppm GA₃ two weeks before the color break period, 2 mM SA, and 1.5 ml/L Rezist at the color break period were applied alone and together to Satsuma mandarin fruit. Those without treatment were accepted controls. Various measurements and analyses were made in the samples taken at monthly intervals during storage on the tree.
Results: It was harvested in three periods at approximately one-month intervals from the beginning of November. The applications of SA or GA₃ alone or together limited the fruit drop rate during on-tree storage, the increase in the shell thickness, and the decrease in the specific gravity. Applications involving GA₃ delayed the coloration of fruits. The maturity index of the fruits treated with Resist and GA₃ in the first harvest was lower.
Conclusion: The results showed that the pre-harvest applications of Satsuma mandarin would have positive contributions to the storage of fruits on the tree until the beginning of January by preventing fruit drop, and delaying the peel and fruit aging.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Citrus fruits fruit drop fruit quality on-tree storage plant growth regulators
Kaynakça
- Aghdam, M.S., M. Asghari, M. Babalar & M.A.A. Sarcheshmeh, 2016. “Impact of Salicylic Acid on Postharvest Physiology of Fruits and Vegetables, 243-268”. In: Eco-Friendly Technology for Postharvest Produce Quality (Eds. M. W. Siddiqui), Academic Press, 304 pp.
- Anonymous, 2020. Stoller, “Rezist Ürün Bilgisi”. (Web page: http://stollereurope.com/en/productos/rezist/) (Date accessed: 25.01.2021).
- AOAC, 1995. Official Methods of Analysis (16th ed.). AOAC, Arlington, Virginia.
- Babalar, M., M. Asghari, A. Talaei & A. Khosroshahi, 2007. Effect of pre- and postharvest salicylic acid treatment on ethylene production, fungal decay and overall quality of Selva strawberry fruit. Food Chemistry, 105 (2): 449-453.
- Balkıç, R., H. Gübbük & L. Altınkaya, 2019. Gibberellik asit (GA₃) uygulamasının ‘Washington Navel’ portakalında derim öncesi meyve dökümü ve meyve kalitesi üzerine etkileri. Bahçe, 48 (2): 73-78.
- Ben-Ismail, M.C, E. Fedouli, M. El-Otmani & A. Ait Oubahou, 1995. “Fruit quality improvement in clementines (Citrus reticulate Blanco) by preharvest application of gibberellic acid, 120-120”. Postharvest Physiology, Pathology and Technologies for Horticultural, Commodities: Recent Advences, Proceedings of an International Symposium, Agadir, Morocco, 16-21 January 1995, 515 pp.
- Benzie, I.F.F. & J.J. Strain, 1996. The ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) as a measure of ‘Antioxidant Power’: The FRAP Assay. Analytical Iochemistry, 239 (1): 70-76.
- Coggins Jr., C.W., 1982. “The influence of exogenous growth regulators on rind quality and internal quality of citrus fruits, Proceedings-İnternational Society of Citriculture, (1): 214-216”. International Citrus Congress (November 9-12, 1982, Tokyo, Japan).
- Davies, F.S., 1986. “Growth regulator improvement of postharvest quality, 79-101”. In: Fresh Citrus Fruits. (Eds. W.F. Wardowski, S. Nagi & W. Grierson), Avi Publishing Company, Inc., Westport, Connecticut, USA, 571 pp.
- Ding, C.K. & C.Y. Wang, 2003, The dual effects of methyl salicylate on ripening and expression of ethylene biosynthetic genes in tomato fruit. Plant Science, 164: 589-596.
- Ding, C.K., C.Y. Wang, K.C. Gross & D.L. Smith, 2001. Reduction of chilling injury and transcript accumulation of heat shock proteins in tomato fruit by methyl jasmonate and methyl salicylate. Plant Science, 161: 1153-1159.
- El-Otmani, M. & C.W. Coggins Jr.,1991. Growth regulator effects on retention of quality of stored citrus fruit. Scientia Horticulturae, 45: 261-272.
- El-Otmani, M., A. Ait-M’Barek & C.W. Coggins Jr., 1990. GA₃ and 2,4-D prolong on-tree storage of citrus in Morocco. Scientia Horticulturae, 44: 241-249.
- El-Otmani, M., C.W. Coggins Jr., M. Agustí & C.J. Lovatt, 2000. Plant growth regulators in citriculture: World current uses. Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences, 19 (5): 395-447.
- El-Zeftawi, B.M., 1980. Effects of gibberellic acid and cycle on coloring and sizing of lemon. Scientia Horticulturae, 12: 177-181.
- Ferguson, L., M.A. Ismail, F.S. Davies & T.A. Wheaton, 1982. Pre and postharvest gibberellic acid and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid applications for increasing storage life grapefruit. Proceedings of the Florida State Horticultural Society, 95: 242-245.
- Ferguson, L., M.A. Ismail, F.S. Davies & T.A. Wheaton, 1984. Growth regulator and low volume irrigation effects on grapefruit quality and fruit drop. Scientia Horticulturae, 23: 35-40.
- Garcia-Luis, A., A. Herrero-Villen & J.L. Guardiola, 1992. Effects of applications of gibberellic acid on late growth, maturation and pigmentation of the Clementine mandarin. Scientia Horticulturae, 49: 71-82.
- Haider, S.T.A., S. Ahmad, M.A. Anjum, S. Naz, M. Liaquat & B. Saddiq, 2021. Effects of different postharvest techniques on quality management and shelf life of ‘Kinnow’ mandarin fruit. Journal of Food Measurement and Characterization, 15 (3): 1-13.
- Huang, R., R. Xia, Y. Lu, L. Hu & Y. Xu, 2008. Effect of pre-harvest salicylic acid spray treatment on post-harvest antioxidant in the pulp and peel of ‘Cara cara’ navel orange (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck). Journal Of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 88: 229-236.
- Ismail, M.A. & D.L. Wilhite, 1992. Effect of gibberellic acid and postharvest storage on the quality of Florida navel oranges. Proceedings of the Florida State Horticultural Society, 105:168-173.
- Karaçalı, İ., 2016. Bahçe Ürünlerinin Muhafazası ve Pazarlanması. Ege Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Yayınları No: 494, Bornova, İzmir.
- Karaçalı, İ., M. Yıldız, F. Yıldız, E. Özeker, P. Kınay & F. Şen, 2001. Mandarinlerde derim öncesi bazı uygulamaların yara onarımı, yeşil küf çürüklüğü ve depolamaya etkileri. TÜBİTAK TARP 2112 Nolu Proje Sonuç Raporu.
- McGuire, R. G., 1992. Reporting of objective color measurements. HortScience, 27 (12): 1254-1255.
- Mendilcioğlu, K., 1991. Turunçgiller. Ege Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi, Ofset Basımevi, Bornova, İzmir.
- Pozo, L., J.K. Kender, U. Hartmond & A. Grant, 2000. Effects of gibberrellic acid on ripening and rind puffing in ‘Sunburst’ mandarin. Proceedings of the Florida State Horticultural Society, 113: 102-105.
- Ritenour, M., M.S. Burton & T. Mccollum, 2005. Effect of pre- or postharvest gibberellic acid application on storage quality of florida ‘Fallglo’ tangerines and ‘Ruby’ red grapefruit. Proceedings of the Florida State Horticultural Society, 118: 385-388.
- Rokaya, P.R., D.R. Baral, D.M. Gautam, A.K. Shrestha & P. Paudyal, K2016. Effect of pre-harvest application of gibberellic acid on fruit quality and shelf life on mandarin (Citrus reticulate Blanco). American Journal of Plant Sciences, 7: 1033-1039.
- Romani, R.J., B.M. Hess & C.A. Leslie, 1989. Salicylic acid inhibition of ethylene production by apple discs and other plant tissues. Journal of Plant Growth Regulation, 8 (1): 63-69.
- Şen, F., 2004. Hasat sonrası sıcak su ve diğer bazı koruyucu uygulamaların Satsuma Mandarinin kalite ve dayanma gücüne etkileri. Ege Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü (Unpublished) PhD Thesis, Bornova-İzmir, 307 s.
- Şen, F., P. Kınay, İ. Karaçalı & M. Yıldız, 2009. Bazı büyüme düzenleyicilerin "satsuma" mandarininin ağaçta depolanma sürecinde meyve dökümü ve kalitesine etkileri. Ege Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi 46 (2): 93-100.
- Şen, F., P.K. Teksür, K.B. Meyvacı & H.Z. Can 2013. Effect of pre-harvest gibberellic acid and calcium applications on on-tree Storage of ‘Satsuma’ Mandarins. Acta Horticulturae, 1012: 233-239.
- Senthilkumar, S. & R.M. Vijayakumar, 2014. Biochemical, Physiological and Horticultural Perspectives of Fruit Colour Pigmentation: A Review. Research and Reviews: Journal of Agriculture and Allied Sciences, 3 (1): 9-16.
- Sezer, G., A. Mısırlı, A. Şen & N. Bilgin, 2020. ‘Valencia Late’ portakalının meyve kalitesi ve ağaçta depolanabilirliği üzerine hasat öncesi gibberellik asit uygulamalarının etkisi. Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology, 8 (11): 2361-2367.
- Srivastava, M.K. & U. Dwivedi, 2000. Delayed ripening of banana fruit by salicylic acid. Plant Science, 158 (1): 87-96.
- Taminaga, S., J.L. Guardiola, J.L. Garcia-Martinez & J.D. Quinlan, 1998. GA sprays delay and reduce physiological fruit drop in Ponkan Mandarin (Citrus retuculata Blanco). Acta Horticulturae, 463: 301-605.
- Tareen, M.J., N.A. Abbasi & I.A. Hafız, 2012. Effect of salicylic acid treatments on storage life of peach fruits cv. ‘Flordaking’. Pakistan Journal of Botany, 44 (1): 119-124.
- TÜİK, 2020. Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu, Bitkisel Üretim İstatistikleri. (Web page: www.tuik.gov.tr). (Date accessed: 22.02.2020)
- Tumminelli, R., F. Conti, U. Maltese, C. Pedrotti & E. Bordonaro, 2005. Effects of 2,4-D, triclopir and GA₃ on pre-harvest fruit drop and senescence of ‘Tarocco Comune’ blood oranges in Sicilian orchards. Acta Horticulturae, 682: 801-806.
- Zheng, W. & S.Y. Wang, 2001. Antioxidant Activity and Phenolic Compounds in Selected Herbs., Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, (49): 5165-5170.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | İngilizce |
|---|---|
| Konular | Hasat Sonrası Bahçecilik Teknolojileri (Taşımacılık ve Depolama dahil) |
| Bölüm | Makaleler |
| Yazarlar | |
| Erken Görünüm Tarihi | 18 Nisan 2024 |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 18 Nisan 2024 |
| Gönderilme Tarihi | 14 Eylül 2023 |
| Kabul Tarihi | 27 Şubat 2024 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2024 Cilt: 61 Sayı: 1 |
