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Giyilebilir Minyatür Atalet ve Manyetik Sensörler (MIMU) Vasıtasıyla Alt Ekstremite Aktivitelerinin Makine Öğrenmesi Algoritmaları İle Sınıflandırılması

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 26 Sayı: 3, 123 - 134, 31.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.53433/yyufbed.931553

Öz

Bu çalışmada, giyilebilir minyatür atalet sensör kullanılarak insan alt ekstremite aktivitelerinin sınıflandırılması çalışması gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışmada kullanılan atalet sensörü dokuz serbestlik dereceli olup bünyesinde üç eksenli bir jiroskop, üç eksenli bir ivmeölçer ve üç eksenli bir manyetometre barındırmaktadır. Gönüllü kişinin sağ ayak bileğine giydiği takılan bir adet atalet sensör vasıtasıyla kişin yürüme, koşma, merdiven çıkma, oturma hareketleri esnasında hareket verileri toplanmış ve kaydedilmiştir. İlk olarak kaydedilen bu üç sensör verisi sentezlenerek bacağın hareket esnasındaki kinematik yönelim açıları (yunuslama, yuvarlama, yalpa) hesaplanmıştır. Sonrasında bu yönelim açılarına ait iki adet özellik (enerji ve maksimum değer) matrisi hesaplanmıştır. Hesaplanan bu özellik matrisleri hareket sınıflandırma algoritmalarına girdi olarak verilmiştir. Çalışma kapsamında dört adet hareket sınıflandırma algoritması kullanılmıştır. Bunlar karar ağacı, k-en yakın komşu, destek vektör makinası ve rastgele orman sınıflandırma algoritmalarıdır. Tüm alt ekstremite hareket tiplerinde en yüksek sınıflandırma başarısı en yakın komşu sınıflandırıcısı ile elde edilmiş olup yürüme, koşma, oturma, merdiven çıkma hareketleri için sırası ile hareket sınıflandırma doğruluğu %83.3, %100, % 83.3ve %91.6’dir.

Kaynakça

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Classification of Lower Extremity Activities by Machine Learning Algorithms by Wearable Miniature Inertia and Magnetic Sensors (MIMU)

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 26 Sayı: 3, 123 - 134, 31.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.53433/yyufbed.931553

Öz

In this study, a classification study of human lower extremity activities was carried out using a wearable miniature inertial sensor. The inertial sensor used in the study has nine degrees of freedom and includes a three-axis gyroscope, a three-axis accelerometer and a three-axis magnetometer. Movement data were collected and recorded during the walking, running, climbing stairs and sitting movements of the volunteer by means of an inertial sensor worn on the right ankle of the volunteer. Firstly, these three recorded sensor data were synthesized and the kinematic orientation angles (pitch, roll, yaw) of the leg during the movement were calculated. Then, two property (energy and maximum value) matrices of these orientation angles were calculated. These calculated feature matrices are given as input to motion classification algorithms. Within the scope of the study, four motion classification algorithms were used. These are decision tree, k-nearest neighbor, support vector machine and random forest classification algorithms. The highest classification success in all lower extremity motion types was obtained with the nearest neighbor classifier, and the motion classification accuracy was 83.3%, 100%, 83.3%, and 91.6% for walking, running, sitting, and climbing stairs, respectively.

Kaynakça

  • Aggarwal, J. K., & Cai, Q., (1999), Human motion analysis: a Review, Computer Vision Image Understanding, 73(3), 428–440, doi:10.1006/cviu.1998.0744.
  • Allen, F. R., Ambikairajah, E., Lovell, N. H., & Celler, B. G., (2006), Classification of a known sequence of motions and postures from accelerometry data using adapted Gaussian mixture models, Physiological Measurement, 27(10), 935–951, doi:10.1088/0967-3334/27/10/001.
  • Altun, K., Barshan, B., & Tunçel, O., (2010), Comparative study on classifying human activities with miniature inertial and magnetic sensors'', Pattern Recognition, 43(10), 3605-3620,doi: DOI:10.1016/j.patcog.2010.04.019.
  • Altun, K., & Barshan, B., (2010, Agustos), Human activity recognition using inertial/magnetic sensor units, First International Workshop on Human Behavior Understanding, Istanbul, Turkey.
  • Aminian, K., Robert, P., Buchser, E. E., Rutschmann, B., Hayoz, D., & Depairon, M., (1999), Physical activity monitoring based on accelerometry: validation and comparison with video observation, Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing, 37(1), 304–308, doi: 10.1007/BF02513304.
  • Ang, W. T., Khosla, P. K., & Riviere, C. N., (2003), Design of all-accelerometer inertial measurement unit for tremor sensing in hand-held microsurgical instrument, IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation, The Grand Hotel, Taipei, Taiwan.
  • Aristidou A. and Lasenby, J., (2013), “Real-time marker prediction and CoR estimation in optical motion capture,” The Visual Computer, 29(1), 7-26.
  • Audigie´, F., Pourcelot, P., Degueurce, C., Geiger, D., & Denoix, J. M., (2002), Fourier analysis of trunk displacements: a method to identify the lame limb in trotting horses, Journal of Biomechanics, 35(9), 1173–1182, doi: 10.1016/s0021-9290(02)00089-1.
  • Aylward, R., & Paradiso, J. A., (2006, June), Sensemble: a wireless, compact, multi-user sensor system for interactive dance, in: Proceedings of the Conference on New Interfaces for Musical Expression, Paris, France.
  • Bao, L., & Intille, S. S., (2004), Activity recognition from user-annotated acceleration data, in Ferscha A, Mattern F (Eds.), Pervasive Computing, New York, USA, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg Press, (pp. 1-17).
  • Barshan, B., & Durrant-Whyte, H. F., (1995), Inertial navigation systems for mobile robots, IEEE Trans. Robotics Automation, 11(3), 328–342, doi: 0.1109/70.388775.
  • Barshan, B., & Durrant-Whyte, H. F., 1995, Evaluation of a solid-state gyroscope for robotics applications, IEEE Transaction Instrumentation Measurement, 44(1), 61–67, doi: 10.1109/19.368102.
  • Barshan, B. and Yurtman, A., (2020), Classifying daily and sports activities invariantly to the positioning of wearable motion sensor units, IEEE Internet Things J.,7,4801-4815.
  • Barshan, B., & Yüksek, M. C., (2014), Recognizing daily and sports activities in two open source machine learning environments using body-worn sensor units, The Computer Journal, 57(11), 649-1667, doi: 10.1093/comjnl/bxt075.
  • Blank, P.; Hoßbach, J.; Schuldhaus, D.; Eskofier, B.M., (2015), Sensor-based stroke detection and stroke type classification in table tennis. In Proceedings of the 2015 ACM International Symposium on Wearable Computers, Osaka, Japan, 7–11 September 2015; pp. 93–100.
  • Bussmann, J. B., Reuvekamp, P. J., Veltink, P. H., Martens, W. L., & Stam, H. J., (1998), Validity and reliability of measurements obtained with an ‘activity monitor in people with and without transtibial amputation, Physical Therapy, 78(9), 989–998, doi: 10.1093/ptj/78.9.989 .
  • Chen, Y.L. Yang, I.J Fu, LC., Lai, JS, Liang HW. and Lu L, (2021), IMU-based Estimation of Lower Limb Motion Trajectory with Graph Convolution Network, IEEE Sensors, DOI 10.1109/JSEN.2021.3115105, IEEE Sensors
  • Dias, J., Vinzec, M., Corke, P., & Lobo, J., (2007), Special issue:2nd Workshop on Integration of Vision and Inertial Sensors , The International Journal of Robotics Research, 26(6), 515-517, doi: 10.1177/0278364907079903.
  • Ermes, M., Parkkaa, J., Mantyjarvi, J., & Korhonen, I., (2008), Detection of daily activities and sports with wearable sensors in controlled and uncontrolled conditions, IEEE Transactions on Information Technology, 12(1), 20–26, doi: 10.1109/TITB.2007.899496.
  • Foerster, F., Smeja, M., & Fahrenberg, J., (1999), Detection of posture and motion by accelerometry: a validation study in ambulatory monitoring, Computers in Human Behavior, 15(5), 571–583, doi: 10.1016/S0747-5632(99)00037-0.
  • Hauer, K., Lamb, S. E., Jorstad, E. C., Todd, C., Becker, C., (2006), Systematic review of definitions and methods of measuring falls in randomized controlled fall prevention trials, Age Ageing, 35(1),5–10, doi: 10.1093/ageing/afi218.
  • Hyeon-Kyu, L., Kim, J. H., (1999), An HMM-based threshold model approach for gesture recognition, IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 21(10), 961–973, doi: 10.1109/34.799904 .
  • Jovanov, E., Milenkovic, A., Otto, C., & De Groen, P. C., (2005), A wireless body area network of intelligent motion sensors for computer assisted physical rehabilitation, Journal of Neuro Engineering and Rehabilitation, 2(6), 1-10, doi: 10.1186/1743-0003-2-6.
  • Junker, H., Amft, O., Lukowicz, P., & Troester, G., (2008), Gesture spotting with body-worn inertial sensors to detect user activities, Pattern Recognition, 41(6), 2010–2024, doi: 10.1016/j.patcog.2007.11.016 .
  • Kangas, M., Konttila, A., Lindgren, P., Winblad, I., & Jamsa, T., (2008), Comparison of low complexity fall detection algorithms for body attached accelerometers, Gait Posture, 28(2), 285–291, doi: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2008.01.003.
  • Karantonis, D.M., Narayanan, M.R., Mathie, M., Lovell, N. H., & Celler, B.G., (2006), Implementation of a real-time human movement classifier using a triaxial accelerometer for ambulatory monitoring, IEEE Transactions on Information Technology, B10(1), 156–167, doi: 10.1109/titb.2005.856864.
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  • Najafi, B., Aminian, K., Paraschiv-Ionescu, A., Loew, F., Bula, C.J., & Robert, P., (2003), Ambulatory system for human motion analysis using a kinematic sensor: monitoring of daily physical activity in the elderly, IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, 50(6), 711–723, doi: 10.1109/TBME.2003.812189.
  • Nichol, J.G., Singh, S.P.N., Waldron, K.J., Palmer, L. R., & Orin, D.E., (2004), System design of a quadrupedal galloping machine, The International Journal of Robotics Research, 23(10–11), 1013–1027, doi: 10.1177/0278364904047391.
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  • Pärkkä, J., Ermes, M., Korpipää, P., Mäntyjärvi, J., Peltola, J., & Korhonen, I. (2006). Activity classification using realistic data from wearable sensors. IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine, 10(1), 119-128, doi: 10.1109/TITB.2005.856863.
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Toplam 71 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Mühendislik
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Beyda Taşar 0000-0002-4689-8579

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Aralık 2021
Gönderilme Tarihi 2 Mayıs 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2021 Cilt: 26 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA Taşar, B. (2021). Giyilebilir Minyatür Atalet ve Manyetik Sensörler (MIMU) Vasıtasıyla Alt Ekstremite Aktivitelerinin Makine Öğrenmesi Algoritmaları İle Sınıflandırılması. Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 26(3), 123-134. https://doi.org/10.53433/yyufbed.931553