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MEASUREMENT OF ENERGY USE EFFICIENCY IN LOWER- MIDDLE, UPPER -MIDDLE AND HIGH INCOME COUNTRIES: A DATA ENVELOPMENT ANALYSIS

Yıl 2017, Cilt: 24 Sayı: 2, 407 - 422, 18.08.2017
https://doi.org/10.18657/yonveek.315903

Öz

The
purpose of this paper is to measure the energy use efficiency in the low-middle
income, the upper-middle income and the high-income countries over the period of
1991 to 2011 using the data envelopment analysis. Energy use efficiency is
generally measured by energy intensity which is defined as the ratio of energy
use to gross domestic product. However, this ratio or measurement is arguable
in the literature and therefore, energy intensity is not a good indicator of
energy use efficiency. Energy use efficiency improvements make mention of a
decrease in energy used for a given service or level of activity. Hence, it can
be measured by either deterministic or non-deterministic approaches within the
framework of production theory. The findings of this paper show either energy is
used efficiently or inefficiently between lower middle-income countries, upper
middle-income countries and high income countries also help to make some policy
implications on energy use, because almost all countries are implementing a broad
array of policy measures for energy efficiency.

Kaynakça

  • Alsahlawi, M. (2013). Measuring Energy efficiency in GCC Countries Using Data Envelopment Analysis. The Journal of Business Inquiry, 12, 15-30. https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/f2e8/c9e23e72d5d9cedf681a84ff72b3cba01a21.pdf.
  • Caves, D.W., Christensen L.R., Diwert, W.E. (1982). The Economic Theory of Index Numbers and Measurement of Input, Output and Productivity. Econometrica,50,1394-1414. http://www.aae.wisc.edu/aae741/Ref/Caves%20Econometrica%201982.pdf
  • Chang, T., Hu, J. (2010). Total-factor energy productivity growth, technical progress, and efficiency change: An empirical study of China. Applied Energy, 87, 3262-3270. doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2010.04.026.
  • Charnes, A., Cooper, W.W., Rhodes, E. (1978). Measuring the efficiency of decision making units. European Journal of Operational Research, 2, 429-444. https://www.utdallas.edu/~ryoung/phdseminar/CCR1978.pdf
  • Charnes, A., Cooper, W.W., Lewin, A.Y., Seiford, L.M. (1994). Data Envelopment Analysis: Theory, Methodology and Applications, Boston, Kluwer. Chien, T., Hu, J. L. (2007). Renewable energy and macroeconomic efficiency of OECD and non-OECD economies. Energy Policy, 35, 3606-3615. doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2006.12.033.
  • Coelli, T.J., Rao, D.S.P., Battase, G.E. (1998). An Introduction to Efficiency and Productivity Analysis. Boston, Kluwer.
  • Coelli, T.J. (1996). A guide to DEAP version 2.1: A data envelopment analysis (computer) program. CEPA Working Papers, 96/08, Australia. http://www.owlnet.rice.edu/~econ380/DEAP.PDF.
  • Deliktas, E., Balcilar, M. (2005). A Comparative analysis of Productivity Growth, Catch-up and Convergence in Transition Economies. Emerging Markets Finance and Trade, 41-1, 6-28.
  • El-Mahgary, S., Lahdelma, R. (1995). Data Envelopment Analysis: Visualizing the Results. EJOR, 83-3, 700-710. doi.org/10.1016/0377-2217(94)00303-T.
  • Eurostat, http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/products-datasets/-/tsdec360
  • Färe, R.S.G., Norris, M., Zhang, Z. (1994). Productivity Growth, Technical Progress and Efficiency Changes in Industrial Countries. American Economic Review, 84, 66 83. http://www.iadb.org/res/files/dev2010/1994_productivity.pdf.
  • Farrel, M. J. (1957). The measurement of Productive Efficiency. Journal of Royal Statistical Society, 120-3, 253-82. DOI: 10.12691/ajer-2-1-2
  • Fhilippini, M., Hunt, L.C. (2010). Energy Demand and energy Efficiency in the OECD Countries: A Stochastic Demand Frontier Approach. Surrey Energy Economics Discussion Paper Series, 127, 1-30. http://www.seec.surrey.ac.uk/research/SEEDS/SEEDS127.pdf.
  • Groningen Growth and Development Centre, Penn World Table 8.1.
  • Honma, S., Hu, J. L. (2008). Total-factor energy efficiency of regions in Japan. Energy Policy, 36-2, 821-833. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2007.10.026. International Energy Agency (2016), World Energy Outlook 2016.
  • Karadag, M., Deliktas, E., Onder, A.O. (2005). Growth of Factor Productivity in the Turkish Manufacturing Industries at Provincal Level. Regional Studies, 39-2, 213-223. DOI: 10.1080/003434005200060007
  • Milan, J.A., Aldaz, N. (2004). Efficiency and Technical Change in Intertemporal Intersectoral DEA. Journal of Productivity Analysis, 21, 7–23, 2004.
  • Nishimizu, M., Page, J.M. (1982). Total Factor Productivity Growth, Technical Progress and Technical Efficiency Change: Dimensions on Productivity Change in Yugoslavia 1965 78. Economic Journal, 368, 920 936. https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/2232675.pdf?refreqid=excelsior%3Aed933b821966de7139be485be922c846. OECD (2011), OECD Green Growth Studies: Energy, OECD Publishing.
  • Seiford, L.M. (1996). Data envelopment analysis: The evolution of the state of the art (1978 1995), Journal of Productivity Analysis, 7, 99-138. DOI: 10.1007/BF00157037
  • Singh, S., Coelli, T., Fleming, E. (2001). Performance of Dairy Plants in the Cooperative and Private Sectors in India. Annals of Public and Cooperative Economics, 72-4, 453-479. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1467-8292.00178/pdf
  • Song, M., Zhang, L., Liu, W., Fisher, R. (2013). Bootstrap-DEA Analysis of BRICS’ Energy Efficiency Based on Small Sample Data. Applied Energy, 1049-1055. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2013.02.064.
  • World Bank (2013). World Development Indicators.
  • Zhang, X.P., Cheng, X.M., Yuan, J.H., Gao, X.J. (2011). Total-factor energy efficiency in developing Countries. Energy Policy, 39, 644-650. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2010.10.037.
  • Zhou, P., Ang, B.W. (2008). Linear Programming Models for Measuring Economy Wide Energy Efficiency Performance. Energy Policy, 36-8, 2911-16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2008.03.041

ALT-ORTA, ÜST-ORTA VE YÜKSEK GELİR GRUPLARINDA YER ALAN ÜLKELERİN ENERJİ KULLANIM ETKİNLİKLERİNİN ÖLÇÜLMESİ: VERİ ZARFLAMA ANALİZİ

Yıl 2017, Cilt: 24 Sayı: 2, 407 - 422, 18.08.2017
https://doi.org/10.18657/yonveek.315903

Öz

Bu çalışmanın temel amacı,
1991-2011 yıl aralığı için alt-orta, üst-orta ve yüksek gelir gruplarında yer
alan ülkelerin enerji kullanımlarındaki etkinliklerini veri zarflama analizi
yöntemini kullanarak ölçmektir. Enerji kullanımındaki etkinlik çoğu zaman, toplam
enerji kullanımının gayri safi yurtiçi hasıla içerisindeki payı olarak
hesaplanan enerji yoğunluğu kavramı ile ölçülmektedir. Bununla birlikte bu oran
literatürde tartışmaya çok açıktır ve bu yüzden enerji yoğunluğu enerji
kullanımındaki etkinliği göstermek için iyi bir ölçüm göstergesi olarak
görülmemektedir. Bununla birlikte enerji yoğunluğu hesaplamaları çerçevesinde
enerji kullanımındaki etkinliğin ölçümü ile ilgili gelişmeler belirli bir
faaliyet düzeyinde enerji kullanımında görülen düşüşten bahsetmektedir. Bu
yüzden üretim teorisi çerçevesinde enerji kullanımındaki etkinliğin
deterministik ve deterministik olmayan yaklaşımlar ile ölçülmesi daha sağlıklı bulunmaktadır.
Çalışmanın bulguları, alt-orta, üst-orta ve yüksek gelir gruplarında yer alan
ülkeler arasında ülke gruplarına göre enerjinin etkin veya etkinsiz kullanılabildiğini
göstermekte ve enerji kullanımına yönelik politika uygulamaları yapılmasının
gerekliliği yönünde katkı sağlamaktadır. Çünkü hemen hemen artık tüm ülkeler
enerjinin etkin kullanımı üzerine politika önlemleri almaktadırlar.

Kaynakça

  • Alsahlawi, M. (2013). Measuring Energy efficiency in GCC Countries Using Data Envelopment Analysis. The Journal of Business Inquiry, 12, 15-30. https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/f2e8/c9e23e72d5d9cedf681a84ff72b3cba01a21.pdf.
  • Caves, D.W., Christensen L.R., Diwert, W.E. (1982). The Economic Theory of Index Numbers and Measurement of Input, Output and Productivity. Econometrica,50,1394-1414. http://www.aae.wisc.edu/aae741/Ref/Caves%20Econometrica%201982.pdf
  • Chang, T., Hu, J. (2010). Total-factor energy productivity growth, technical progress, and efficiency change: An empirical study of China. Applied Energy, 87, 3262-3270. doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2010.04.026.
  • Charnes, A., Cooper, W.W., Rhodes, E. (1978). Measuring the efficiency of decision making units. European Journal of Operational Research, 2, 429-444. https://www.utdallas.edu/~ryoung/phdseminar/CCR1978.pdf
  • Charnes, A., Cooper, W.W., Lewin, A.Y., Seiford, L.M. (1994). Data Envelopment Analysis: Theory, Methodology and Applications, Boston, Kluwer. Chien, T., Hu, J. L. (2007). Renewable energy and macroeconomic efficiency of OECD and non-OECD economies. Energy Policy, 35, 3606-3615. doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2006.12.033.
  • Coelli, T.J., Rao, D.S.P., Battase, G.E. (1998). An Introduction to Efficiency and Productivity Analysis. Boston, Kluwer.
  • Coelli, T.J. (1996). A guide to DEAP version 2.1: A data envelopment analysis (computer) program. CEPA Working Papers, 96/08, Australia. http://www.owlnet.rice.edu/~econ380/DEAP.PDF.
  • Deliktas, E., Balcilar, M. (2005). A Comparative analysis of Productivity Growth, Catch-up and Convergence in Transition Economies. Emerging Markets Finance and Trade, 41-1, 6-28.
  • El-Mahgary, S., Lahdelma, R. (1995). Data Envelopment Analysis: Visualizing the Results. EJOR, 83-3, 700-710. doi.org/10.1016/0377-2217(94)00303-T.
  • Eurostat, http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/products-datasets/-/tsdec360
  • Färe, R.S.G., Norris, M., Zhang, Z. (1994). Productivity Growth, Technical Progress and Efficiency Changes in Industrial Countries. American Economic Review, 84, 66 83. http://www.iadb.org/res/files/dev2010/1994_productivity.pdf.
  • Farrel, M. J. (1957). The measurement of Productive Efficiency. Journal of Royal Statistical Society, 120-3, 253-82. DOI: 10.12691/ajer-2-1-2
  • Fhilippini, M., Hunt, L.C. (2010). Energy Demand and energy Efficiency in the OECD Countries: A Stochastic Demand Frontier Approach. Surrey Energy Economics Discussion Paper Series, 127, 1-30. http://www.seec.surrey.ac.uk/research/SEEDS/SEEDS127.pdf.
  • Groningen Growth and Development Centre, Penn World Table 8.1.
  • Honma, S., Hu, J. L. (2008). Total-factor energy efficiency of regions in Japan. Energy Policy, 36-2, 821-833. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2007.10.026. International Energy Agency (2016), World Energy Outlook 2016.
  • Karadag, M., Deliktas, E., Onder, A.O. (2005). Growth of Factor Productivity in the Turkish Manufacturing Industries at Provincal Level. Regional Studies, 39-2, 213-223. DOI: 10.1080/003434005200060007
  • Milan, J.A., Aldaz, N. (2004). Efficiency and Technical Change in Intertemporal Intersectoral DEA. Journal of Productivity Analysis, 21, 7–23, 2004.
  • Nishimizu, M., Page, J.M. (1982). Total Factor Productivity Growth, Technical Progress and Technical Efficiency Change: Dimensions on Productivity Change in Yugoslavia 1965 78. Economic Journal, 368, 920 936. https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/2232675.pdf?refreqid=excelsior%3Aed933b821966de7139be485be922c846. OECD (2011), OECD Green Growth Studies: Energy, OECD Publishing.
  • Seiford, L.M. (1996). Data envelopment analysis: The evolution of the state of the art (1978 1995), Journal of Productivity Analysis, 7, 99-138. DOI: 10.1007/BF00157037
  • Singh, S., Coelli, T., Fleming, E. (2001). Performance of Dairy Plants in the Cooperative and Private Sectors in India. Annals of Public and Cooperative Economics, 72-4, 453-479. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1467-8292.00178/pdf
  • Song, M., Zhang, L., Liu, W., Fisher, R. (2013). Bootstrap-DEA Analysis of BRICS’ Energy Efficiency Based on Small Sample Data. Applied Energy, 1049-1055. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2013.02.064.
  • World Bank (2013). World Development Indicators.
  • Zhang, X.P., Cheng, X.M., Yuan, J.H., Gao, X.J. (2011). Total-factor energy efficiency in developing Countries. Energy Policy, 39, 644-650. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2010.10.037.
  • Zhou, P., Ang, B.W. (2008). Linear Programming Models for Measuring Economy Wide Energy Efficiency Performance. Energy Policy, 36-8, 2911-16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2008.03.041
Toplam 24 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Gülçin Gürel Günal

Ertuğrul Deliktaş

Yayımlanma Tarihi 18 Ağustos 2017
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2017 Cilt: 24 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Gürel Günal, G., & Deliktaş, E. (2017). ALT-ORTA, ÜST-ORTA VE YÜKSEK GELİR GRUPLARINDA YER ALAN ÜLKELERİN ENERJİ KULLANIM ETKİNLİKLERİNİN ÖLÇÜLMESİ: VERİ ZARFLAMA ANALİZİ. Yönetim Ve Ekonomi Dergisi, 24(2), 407-422. https://doi.org/10.18657/yonveek.315903