Investigation of the effectiveness of ultrasonography in determining pregnancy and the number of fetuses on the 35th day of pregnancy in Awassi sheep

Tufan Can Tekin; Ayşe Merve Köse

doi:10.31797/vetbio.1091526

Araştırma Makalesi

Investigation of the effectiveness of ultrasonography in determining pregnancy and the number of fetuses on the 35th day of pregnancy in Awassi sheep

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 2, 143 - 152, 31.08.2022

Tufan Can Tekin Ayşe Merve Köse

https://doi.org/10.31797/vetbio.1091526

Cited By: 1

Öz

In this study, it was aimed to determine the effectiveness of transabdominal ultrasonographic imaging on the 35th day of pregnancy in determining the pregnancy status and number of fetuses in sheep. 69 Awassi sheep were used in the study. Sheep were mated after oestrus synchronization during the breeding season. On the 35th and 50th days after mating, a pregnancy examination was performed twice transabdominally in each animal by ultrasonography. Sheep with single/multiple offspring were noted according to examination performing on day 35 and lambing record. According to ultrasonography results, early foetal death rate was determined as 6.1%. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value ratios for pregnancy examination findings and single/multiple offspring data by transabdominal ultrasonography on day 35 were determined as 91.30%, 100%, 100%, 83.3% and 38.46%, 81.25%, 76.92%, 44.82%, respectively. While the consistency of transabdominal ultrasonographic imaging for pregnancy on day 35 and 50 were high agreement (Kappa=0.864, p<0,001), consistency of single/multiple pregnancy findings on day 35 and at birth were low (Kappa=0,170, p>0.05). The rates of transabdominal ultrasonographic examination on day 35 for correct diagnosis of pregnancy status and the number of fetuses were found as 93.93% and 54.76%, respectively. Finally, it can be concluded that transabdominal ultrasonographic examination on day 35 for early pregnancy diagnose in sheep is highly effective in determination of pregnant sheep, and recurrent examination on days 35 and 50 may be useful for detecting of early foetal deaths. In order to determine the number of fetuses, repeated examinations should be performed in the following days of pregnancy.

Anahtar Kelimeler

early fetal death, early pregnancy diagnosis, fetal number, sheep, transabdominal ultrasound

Destekleyen Kurum

This study was funded by Hatay Mustafa Kemal University Coordinatorship of Scientific Research Projects Project number of 21.D.008.

Proje Numarası

Project number of 21.D.008.

Teşekkür

The authors wish to thank Dr. Pınar Ambarcıoğlu from ‘Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Hatay Mustafa Kemal’ for helping in the statistical analysis in this study.

Kaynakça

1. Allabban, M., & Erdem, H. (2020). Koyunlarda real-time ultrasonografik muayene ile gebelik tanısı. Bahri Dağdaş Hayvancılık Araştırma Dergisi, 9(1), 47-55.
2. Altman, D.G. (1991). Practical Statistics for Medical Research. Chapman and Hall, London.
3. Amer, H. A. (2008). Determination of first pregnancy and foetal measurements in Egyptian Baladi goats (Capra hircus). Veterinaria Italiana, 44(2), 429-37.
4. Amer, H. A. (2010). Ultrasonographic assessment of early pregnancy diagnosis, fetometry and sex determination in goats. Animal Reproduction Science, 117(3-4), 226-31. doi.org/10.1016/j.anireprosci.2009.05.015
5. Aziz, D. M., & Lazim, E. H. (2012). Transabdominal ultrasonography in standing position for pregnancy diagnosis in Awassi ewes. Small Ruminant Research, 107(2-3), 131-135. doi.org/10.1016/j.smallrumres.2012.05.007
6. Çelik, H. T., Aslan, F. A., Arıcı, Y. K., Kahveci, M. E., & Kiper, İ. (2019). A study on the use of transabdominal ultrasonography and pregnancy condition score in pregnancy in Karayaka sheep. Turkish Journal of Agriculture-Food Science and Technology, 7(11), 1789-1794. doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v7i11.1789-1794.2616
7. Crilly, J. P., Politis, A. P., & Hamer, K. (2017). Use of ultrasonographic examination in sheep veterinary practice. Small Ruminant Research, 152, 166-73. doi.org/10.1016/j.smallrumres.2016.12.021
8. Da Silva, P. D. A., Uscategui, R. A. R., Santos, V. J. C., Taira, A. R., Mariano, R. S. G., Rodrigues, M. G. K., Simoes, A. P. R., Maronezi, M. C., Avante, M. L., Vicente, W. R. R., & Feliciano, M. A. R. (2018). Qualitative and quantitative ultrasound attributes of maternal‐foetal structures in pregnant ewes. Reproduction in Domestic Animals, 53(3), 725-32. doi.org/10.1111/rda.13163
9. Dinç, D. A., Taşal, İ., Erdem, H., Semacan, A., & Aral, S. (1994). Koyunlarda transabdominal ultrasonografi ile yavru sayımı. Veteriner Bilimleri Dergisi, Eurasian Journal of Veterinary Sciences 10, 81-83.
10. Dixon, A. B., Knights, M., Winkler, J. L., Marsh, D. J., Pate, J. L., Wilson, M. E., Dailey, R.A., Seidel, G., & Inskeep, E. K. (2007). Patterns of late embryonic and fetal mortality and association with several factors in sheep. Journal of Animal Science, 85(5), 1274-84. doi.org/10.2527/jas.2006-129
11. Erdem, H. & Sarıbay, M. K. (2015). Gebelik ve tanı yöntemleri. In A. Semacan, M. Kaymaz, M. Fındık, A. Rişvanlı, & A. Köker (Eds.), Çiftlik Hayvanlarında Doğum ve Jinekoloji 2nd ed., (pp 507-521). Medipres, Malatya.
12. Erdem, H., Alkan, H., Kıvrak, M. B., Satılmış, F., & Alabban, M. (2020). İvesi ırkı koyunlarda gebelik muayenesi amacıyla dorsal transrektal ve transabdominal yolla yapılan ultrasonografik muayenenin etkinliği. Bahri Dağdaş Hayvancılık Araştırma Dergisi, 9(1), 7-12.
13. Erdem, H., Sarıbay, M. K., & Tekeli, T. (2008). Geç embriyonal ve erken fötal dönemde Konya Merinosu koyunlarda gebelik tanısı ve fötal sayım amacıyla transabdominal ultrasonografik muayene tekniğinin etkinliğinin değerlendirilmesi. Veteriner Bilimleri Dergisi, Eurasian Journal of Veterinary Sciences, 21(1), 15-20.
14. Fridlund, C., Humblot, P., Bage, R., & Söderquist, L. (2013). Factors affecting the accuracy of pregnancy scanning in ewes. Veterinary Record, 173(24), 606-606. doi.org/10.1136/vr.101935
15. Ganaie, B. A., Khan, M. Z., Islam, R., Makhdoomi, D. M., Qureshi, S., & Wani, G. M. (2009). Evaluation of different techniques for pregnancy diagnosis in sheep. Small Ruminant Research, 85, 135-41. doi:10.1016/j.smallrumres.2009.09.003
16. Garcia, A., Neary, M. K., Kelly, G. R., & Pierson, R. A. (1993). Accuracy of ultrasonography in early pregnancy diagnosis in the ewe. Theriogenology, 39(4), 847-61. doi.org/10.1016/0093-691X(93)90423-3
17. Goel, A. K., & Agrawal, K. P. (1992). A review of pregnancy diagnosis techniques in sheep and goats. Small Ruminant Research, 9(3), 255-64. doi.org/10.1016/0921-4488(92)90155-W
18. Gordon, I. (1997). Controlled Reproduction in sheep and goats. Universty College Dublin Ireland.
19. Hameed, N., Khan, M. I. U. R., Zubair, M., & Andrabi, S. M. H. (2021). Approaches of estrous synchronization in sheep: developments during the last two decades: a review. Tropical Animal Health and Production, 53(5), 1-10. doi.org/10.1007/s11250-021-02932-8
20. Ishwar, A. K. (1995). Pregnancy diagnosis in sheep and goats: a review. Small Ruminant Research, 17, 37-44. doi.org/10.1016/0921-4488(95)00644-Z
21. Jones, A. K., & Reed, S. A. (2017). Benefits of ultrasound scanning during gestation in the small ruminant. Small ruminant research, 149, 163-71. doi.org/10.1016/j.smallrumres.2017.02.008
22. Jones, A. K., Gately, R. E., McFadden, K. K., Zinn, S. A., Govoni, K. E., & Reed, S. A. (2016). Transabdominal ultrasound for detection of pregnancy, fetal and placentallandmarks, and fetal age before day 45 of gestation in the sheep. Theriogenology 85, 939-45, e931. doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2015.11.002
23. Jyothi, K., Sudha, G., Krishna, K. M., Sahadev, A., Swamy, M. N., Rao, S., & Kshama, M. A. (2020). Transabdominal ultrasonographic measurement of placentome length to estimate and validate gestational age in Nellore brown ewes. Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies, 8(6), 1460-67.
24. Kandiel, M. M., Watanabe, G., & Taya, K. (2015). Ultrasonographic assessment of fetal growth in miniature Shiba goats (Capra hircus). Animal Reproduction Science, 162, 1-10. doi.org/10.1016/j.anireprosci.2015.08.007
25. Karadaev, M. (2015). Pregnancy diagnosis technıques in goats-a review. Bulgarian Journal of Veterinary Medicine, 18(3). 183-193. doi.org/10.15547/bjvm.837
26. Karen, A. M., Fattouh, E. S. M., & Abu-Zeid, S. S. (2009). Estimation of gestational age in Egyptian native goats by ultrasonographic fetometry. Animal Reproduction Science, 114(1-3), 167-174. doi.org/10.1016/j.anireprosci.2008.08.016
27. Karen, A., El Amiri, B., Beckers, J. F., Sulon, J., Taverne, M. A., & Szenci, O. (2006). Comparison of accuracy of transabdominal ultrasonography, progesterone and pregnancy-associated glycoproteins tests for discrimination between single and multiple pregnancy in sheep. Theriogenology, 66(2), 314-322. doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2005.11.017
28. Karen, A., Kovács, P., Beckers, J. F., & Szenci, O. (2001). Pregnancy dagnosis in sheep: Review of the most practical methods. Acta Veterinaria Brno, 70(2), 115-26.
29. Kastelic, J. P. (2006). Critical evaluation of scientific articles and other sources of information: an introduction to evidence-based veterinary medicine. Theriogenology, 66, 534-42. doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2006.04.017
30. Kaya, M. S., Bademkıran, S., Köse, M., Uçar, E. H., Mutlu, H., & Atlı, M. O. (2017). Sığırlarda gebelikle ilişkili glikoproteinlerin tespitinde kullanılan iki test kitinin karşılaştırılması. Atatürk Üniversitesi Veteriner Bilimleri Dergisi, 12, 45-53. doi.org/10.17094/ataunivbd.309772
31. Küplülü, Ş., Çetin, Y., Macun, H. C., & Taşdemir, U. (2002). Akkaraman ırkı koyunlarda transrektal ve transabdominal ultrasonografi yöntemi ile erken gebelik tanı sınırlarının belirlenmesi. Lalahan Hayvancılık Araştırma Enstitüsü Dergisi, 42(1), 25-33.
32. Lone, S. A., Gupta, S. K., Kumar, N., Prakash, K., Ganaie, B. A., Rather, H. A., & Kumar, S. (2016). Recent technologies for pregnancy diagnosis in sheep and goat: an overview.‏ International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 3, 1208-16.
33. Ridler, A. L., Corner-Thomas, R. A., Kenyon, P. R., & Griffiths, K. J. (2017). Investigation of fetal loss in ewe lambs in relation to liveweight changes and progesterone concentrations in early to mid gestation. New Zealand Veterinary Journal, 65(1), 34-38. doi.org/10.1080/00480169.2016.1241726
34. Ridler, A. L., Vallee, E., Corner, R. A., Kenyon, P. R., & Heuer, C. (2015). Factors associated with fetal losses in ewe lambs on a New Zealand sheep farm. New Zealand Veterinary Journal, 63(6), 330-334. doi.org/10.1080/00480169.2015.1037813
35. Sarıbay, M. K., & Erdem, H. (2007). Kovunlarda real-time ultrasonografi İle embrivonik ölümlerin insidansının belirlenmesi. Veteriner Bilimleri Dergisi. Eurasian Journal of Veterinary Sciences, 23(3-4), 19-25.
36. Singh, N. S., Gawande, P. G., Mishra, O. P., Nema, R. K., Mishra, U. K., & Singh, M. (2004). Accuracy of ultrasonography in early pregnancy diagnosis in doe. Asian-australasian journal of animal sciences, 17(6), 760-68. doi.org/10.5713/ajas.2004.760
37. Uçar, M., & Özyurtlu, N. (2015). Üremenin denetlenmesi. In A. Semacan, M. Kaymaz, M. Fındık, A. Rişvanlı, & A. Köker (Eds.), Çiftlik Hayvanlarında Doğum ve Jinekoloji 2nd ed., (pp 491-505). Medipres, Malatya.

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 2, 143 - 152, 31.08.2022

Tufan Can Tekin Ayşe Merve Köse

https://doi.org/10.31797/vetbio.1091526

Cited By: 1

Öz

Proje Numarası

Project number of 21.D.008.

Kaynakça

1. Allabban, M., & Erdem, H. (2020). Koyunlarda real-time ultrasonografik muayene ile gebelik tanısı. Bahri Dağdaş Hayvancılık Araştırma Dergisi, 9(1), 47-55.
2. Altman, D.G. (1991). Practical Statistics for Medical Research. Chapman and Hall, London.
3. Amer, H. A. (2008). Determination of first pregnancy and foetal measurements in Egyptian Baladi goats (Capra hircus). Veterinaria Italiana, 44(2), 429-37.
4. Amer, H. A. (2010). Ultrasonographic assessment of early pregnancy diagnosis, fetometry and sex determination in goats. Animal Reproduction Science, 117(3-4), 226-31. doi.org/10.1016/j.anireprosci.2009.05.015
5. Aziz, D. M., & Lazim, E. H. (2012). Transabdominal ultrasonography in standing position for pregnancy diagnosis in Awassi ewes. Small Ruminant Research, 107(2-3), 131-135. doi.org/10.1016/j.smallrumres.2012.05.007
6. Çelik, H. T., Aslan, F. A., Arıcı, Y. K., Kahveci, M. E., & Kiper, İ. (2019). A study on the use of transabdominal ultrasonography and pregnancy condition score in pregnancy in Karayaka sheep. Turkish Journal of Agriculture-Food Science and Technology, 7(11), 1789-1794. doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v7i11.1789-1794.2616
7. Crilly, J. P., Politis, A. P., & Hamer, K. (2017). Use of ultrasonographic examination in sheep veterinary practice. Small Ruminant Research, 152, 166-73. doi.org/10.1016/j.smallrumres.2016.12.021
8. Da Silva, P. D. A., Uscategui, R. A. R., Santos, V. J. C., Taira, A. R., Mariano, R. S. G., Rodrigues, M. G. K., Simoes, A. P. R., Maronezi, M. C., Avante, M. L., Vicente, W. R. R., & Feliciano, M. A. R. (2018). Qualitative and quantitative ultrasound attributes of maternal‐foetal structures in pregnant ewes. Reproduction in Domestic Animals, 53(3), 725-32. doi.org/10.1111/rda.13163
9. Dinç, D. A., Taşal, İ., Erdem, H., Semacan, A., & Aral, S. (1994). Koyunlarda transabdominal ultrasonografi ile yavru sayımı. Veteriner Bilimleri Dergisi, Eurasian Journal of Veterinary Sciences 10, 81-83.
10. Dixon, A. B., Knights, M., Winkler, J. L., Marsh, D. J., Pate, J. L., Wilson, M. E., Dailey, R.A., Seidel, G., & Inskeep, E. K. (2007). Patterns of late embryonic and fetal mortality and association with several factors in sheep. Journal of Animal Science, 85(5), 1274-84. doi.org/10.2527/jas.2006-129
11. Erdem, H. & Sarıbay, M. K. (2015). Gebelik ve tanı yöntemleri. In A. Semacan, M. Kaymaz, M. Fındık, A. Rişvanlı, & A. Köker (Eds.), Çiftlik Hayvanlarında Doğum ve Jinekoloji 2nd ed., (pp 507-521). Medipres, Malatya.
12. Erdem, H., Alkan, H., Kıvrak, M. B., Satılmış, F., & Alabban, M. (2020). İvesi ırkı koyunlarda gebelik muayenesi amacıyla dorsal transrektal ve transabdominal yolla yapılan ultrasonografik muayenenin etkinliği. Bahri Dağdaş Hayvancılık Araştırma Dergisi, 9(1), 7-12.
13. Erdem, H., Sarıbay, M. K., & Tekeli, T. (2008). Geç embriyonal ve erken fötal dönemde Konya Merinosu koyunlarda gebelik tanısı ve fötal sayım amacıyla transabdominal ultrasonografik muayene tekniğinin etkinliğinin değerlendirilmesi. Veteriner Bilimleri Dergisi, Eurasian Journal of Veterinary Sciences, 21(1), 15-20.
14. Fridlund, C., Humblot, P., Bage, R., & Söderquist, L. (2013). Factors affecting the accuracy of pregnancy scanning in ewes. Veterinary Record, 173(24), 606-606. doi.org/10.1136/vr.101935
15. Ganaie, B. A., Khan, M. Z., Islam, R., Makhdoomi, D. M., Qureshi, S., & Wani, G. M. (2009). Evaluation of different techniques for pregnancy diagnosis in sheep. Small Ruminant Research, 85, 135-41. doi:10.1016/j.smallrumres.2009.09.003
16. Garcia, A., Neary, M. K., Kelly, G. R., & Pierson, R. A. (1993). Accuracy of ultrasonography in early pregnancy diagnosis in the ewe. Theriogenology, 39(4), 847-61. doi.org/10.1016/0093-691X(93)90423-3
17. Goel, A. K., & Agrawal, K. P. (1992). A review of pregnancy diagnosis techniques in sheep and goats. Small Ruminant Research, 9(3), 255-64. doi.org/10.1016/0921-4488(92)90155-W
18. Gordon, I. (1997). Controlled Reproduction in sheep and goats. Universty College Dublin Ireland.
19. Hameed, N., Khan, M. I. U. R., Zubair, M., & Andrabi, S. M. H. (2021). Approaches of estrous synchronization in sheep: developments during the last two decades: a review. Tropical Animal Health and Production, 53(5), 1-10. doi.org/10.1007/s11250-021-02932-8
20. Ishwar, A. K. (1995). Pregnancy diagnosis in sheep and goats: a review. Small Ruminant Research, 17, 37-44. doi.org/10.1016/0921-4488(95)00644-Z
21. Jones, A. K., & Reed, S. A. (2017). Benefits of ultrasound scanning during gestation in the small ruminant. Small ruminant research, 149, 163-71. doi.org/10.1016/j.smallrumres.2017.02.008
22. Jones, A. K., Gately, R. E., McFadden, K. K., Zinn, S. A., Govoni, K. E., & Reed, S. A. (2016). Transabdominal ultrasound for detection of pregnancy, fetal and placentallandmarks, and fetal age before day 45 of gestation in the sheep. Theriogenology 85, 939-45, e931. doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2015.11.002
23. Jyothi, K., Sudha, G., Krishna, K. M., Sahadev, A., Swamy, M. N., Rao, S., & Kshama, M. A. (2020). Transabdominal ultrasonographic measurement of placentome length to estimate and validate gestational age in Nellore brown ewes. Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies, 8(6), 1460-67.
24. Kandiel, M. M., Watanabe, G., & Taya, K. (2015). Ultrasonographic assessment of fetal growth in miniature Shiba goats (Capra hircus). Animal Reproduction Science, 162, 1-10. doi.org/10.1016/j.anireprosci.2015.08.007
25. Karadaev, M. (2015). Pregnancy diagnosis technıques in goats-a review. Bulgarian Journal of Veterinary Medicine, 18(3). 183-193. doi.org/10.15547/bjvm.837
26. Karen, A. M., Fattouh, E. S. M., & Abu-Zeid, S. S. (2009). Estimation of gestational age in Egyptian native goats by ultrasonographic fetometry. Animal Reproduction Science, 114(1-3), 167-174. doi.org/10.1016/j.anireprosci.2008.08.016
27. Karen, A., El Amiri, B., Beckers, J. F., Sulon, J., Taverne, M. A., & Szenci, O. (2006). Comparison of accuracy of transabdominal ultrasonography, progesterone and pregnancy-associated glycoproteins tests for discrimination between single and multiple pregnancy in sheep. Theriogenology, 66(2), 314-322. doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2005.11.017
28. Karen, A., Kovács, P., Beckers, J. F., & Szenci, O. (2001). Pregnancy dagnosis in sheep: Review of the most practical methods. Acta Veterinaria Brno, 70(2), 115-26.
29. Kastelic, J. P. (2006). Critical evaluation of scientific articles and other sources of information: an introduction to evidence-based veterinary medicine. Theriogenology, 66, 534-42. doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2006.04.017
30. Kaya, M. S., Bademkıran, S., Köse, M., Uçar, E. H., Mutlu, H., & Atlı, M. O. (2017). Sığırlarda gebelikle ilişkili glikoproteinlerin tespitinde kullanılan iki test kitinin karşılaştırılması. Atatürk Üniversitesi Veteriner Bilimleri Dergisi, 12, 45-53. doi.org/10.17094/ataunivbd.309772
31. Küplülü, Ş., Çetin, Y., Macun, H. C., & Taşdemir, U. (2002). Akkaraman ırkı koyunlarda transrektal ve transabdominal ultrasonografi yöntemi ile erken gebelik tanı sınırlarının belirlenmesi. Lalahan Hayvancılık Araştırma Enstitüsü Dergisi, 42(1), 25-33.
32. Lone, S. A., Gupta, S. K., Kumar, N., Prakash, K., Ganaie, B. A., Rather, H. A., & Kumar, S. (2016). Recent technologies for pregnancy diagnosis in sheep and goat: an overview.‏ International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 3, 1208-16.
33. Ridler, A. L., Corner-Thomas, R. A., Kenyon, P. R., & Griffiths, K. J. (2017). Investigation of fetal loss in ewe lambs in relation to liveweight changes and progesterone concentrations in early to mid gestation. New Zealand Veterinary Journal, 65(1), 34-38. doi.org/10.1080/00480169.2016.1241726
34. Ridler, A. L., Vallee, E., Corner, R. A., Kenyon, P. R., & Heuer, C. (2015). Factors associated with fetal losses in ewe lambs on a New Zealand sheep farm. New Zealand Veterinary Journal, 63(6), 330-334. doi.org/10.1080/00480169.2015.1037813
35. Sarıbay, M. K., & Erdem, H. (2007). Kovunlarda real-time ultrasonografi İle embrivonik ölümlerin insidansının belirlenmesi. Veteriner Bilimleri Dergisi. Eurasian Journal of Veterinary Sciences, 23(3-4), 19-25.
36. Singh, N. S., Gawande, P. G., Mishra, O. P., Nema, R. K., Mishra, U. K., & Singh, M. (2004). Accuracy of ultrasonography in early pregnancy diagnosis in doe. Asian-australasian journal of animal sciences, 17(6), 760-68. doi.org/10.5713/ajas.2004.760
37. Uçar, M., & Özyurtlu, N. (2015). Üremenin denetlenmesi. In A. Semacan, M. Kaymaz, M. Fındık, A. Rişvanlı, & A. Köker (Eds.), Çiftlik Hayvanlarında Doğum ve Jinekoloji 2nd ed., (pp 491-505). Medipres, Malatya.

Toplam 37 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil	İngilizce
Konular	Veteriner Bilimleri
Bölüm	Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar	Tufan Can Tekin 0000-0001-9737-4233 Ayşe Merve Köse 0000-0003-1863-5955
Proje Numarası	Project number of 21.D.008.
Yayımlanma Tarihi	31 Ağustos 2022
Gönderilme Tarihi	22 Mart 2022
Kabul Tarihi	26 Haziran 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı	Yıl 2022 Cilt: 7 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA	Tekin, T. C., & Köse, A. M. (2022). Investigation of the effectiveness of ultrasonography in determining pregnancy and the number of fetuses on the 35th day of pregnancy in Awassi sheep. Journal of Advances in VetBio Science and Techniques, 7(2), 143-152. https://doi.org/10.31797/vetbio.1091526

Cited By

Koyunlarda Plasentom Boyutuna Fötal Cinsiyetin Etkisinin Belirlenmesi

Dicle Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi

https://doi.org/10.47027/duvetfd.1292500

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