Araştırma Makalesi
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Sporcularda Beslenme Alışkanlıklarının Fiziksel Uygunluk Parametreleri Üzerine Etkileri

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 2, 61 - 69, 31.10.2020
https://doi.org/10.46385/tsbd.782109

Öz

Beslenme, sürdürülebilir enerjinin, optimal vücut kompozisyonunun, fiziksel performansı geliştirmenin ve sporcularda sağlık durumunu korumanın ana bileşenlerinden biridir. Araştırmanın amacı, farklı spor branşlarında üniversite takımlarında oynayan sporcuların beslenme alışkanlıklarının fiziksel uygunluk parametreleri üzerine etkisini araştırmaktır. Sporcuların boyları, vücut ağırlıkları ölçülüp, vücut kitle indeksleri (BKİ) hesaplanmıştır. 12 dakikalık koşu testi, 20 metre sprint testi, slalom testi, sit up testi, push up testi, üst ekstremite kapalı kinetik zincir stabilite testi (CKCUET testi), dikey atlama testi ve el kavrama gücü testi (sağ-sol) uygulandı. Çalışmaya katılan 72 sporcunun %41.7'si kadın, %58.3'ü erkekti. Sporcuların çoğunluğunun (kadınlarda %60.0; erkeklerde %66.7) günde 3-4 öğün yemek yediği tespit edildi. Sporcuların geneli öğün atladıklarını belirtirken en çok atlanan öğün kahvaltıydı (p = 0.05). Durarak uzun atlama ve vertikal sıçrama testlerinde 5 ve üzeri öğün tüketen grubun daha fazla mesafe katettikleri görülmüştür. Sağ ve sol el kavrama kuvveti incelendiğinde 5 ve daha fazla öğün tüketen grubun daha iyi performans gösterdiği, ancak istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark olmadığı görüldü (p> 0.05). Sonuç olarak sporcuların cinsiyet, yaş, spor, antrenman/müsabaka süresi gibi faktörlere bağlı olarak farklı beslenme programlarına ihtiyaçları vardır. İyi beslenmiş bir sporcu daha yüksek fiziksel uygunluk ve konsantrasyon yeteneğine, antrenmanlarda maksimum verimliliğe sahip olabileceği söylenebilir.

Kaynakça

  • American College of Sports Medicine, American Dietetic Association, and Dietitians of Canada. (2000). American College of Sports Medicine & American Dietetic Association joint position statement: nutrition and athletic performance. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. 32(12), 2130.
  • Bayraktar, B., Kurtoğlu, M. (2009). Performance in sports, effective factors, evaluation and increase. Clinical development. 22(1), 16-24.
  • Canbolat, E., Çakiroğlu F. P. (2016). Vücut geliştirme ve fitness salonlarında çalışan antrenörlerin beslenme bilgi düzeylerinin saptanması. CBÜ Beden Egitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi. 11(2), 83-91.
  • Dinç, N., Gökmen, M. H. and Ergin, E. (2017). Examination of nutrition habits of individuals exercising regularly. National Journal of Sport Sciences. 1(1), 43-53.
  • Dinç, N., Gökmen, M. H. and Ergin, E. (2017). Investigating the dietary habits of the individuals who regularly exercise. National Journal of Sport Sciences. 1(1), 43-53.
  • Ersoy, G. (2014). Importance of hydration of liquid support for active people and athletes. 7punto Design Printing.
  • Ferro, A., Garrido, G., Villacieros, J., Pérez, J., and Grams, L. (2017). Nutritional habits and performance in male elite wheelchair basketball players during a precompetitive period. Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly. 34(3), 295-310.
  • Gacek, M. (2015). Association between self-efficacy and dietary behaviours of American football players in the Polish Clubs in the light of dietary recommendations for athletes. Roczniki Państwowego Zakładu Higieny. 66(4).
  • Göral, K., Saygın, Ö., and Karacabey, K. (2010). Amateur and professional football player to investigate the level of nutritional knowledge. International Journal of Human Sciences. 7(1).
  • Gülgün, E. and Hasbay, A. (2008). Sports nutrition. Turkish Republic Ministry of Health. Available from: https://sbu.saglik.gov.tr/Ekutuphane/kitaplar/A%203.pdf
  • Güzel Atalay, N., and Kafa, N. (2017). Sports Health. Evaluation in sport-physical fitness assessment methods. Ankara: Hipokrat Kitabevi. 56-64.
  • Karacabey, K. (2013). Sport performance and agility tests. Journal of Human Sciences. 10(1), 1693-1704.
  • Kerksick, C., Harvey, T., Stout, J., Campbell, B., Wilborn, C., Kreider, R., et al. (2008). International Society of Sports Nutrition position stand: nutrient timing. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition.5(1),17.
  • Kessinger, T. K. (2018). Nutritional recovery considerations for intermittent exercise and sport. Strategies. 31(6): 26-33.
  • Kondrič, M., Uljević, O., Gabrilo, G., Kontić, D., & Sekulić, D. (2012). General anthropometric and specific physical fitness profile of high-level junior water polo players. Journal of humankinetics. 32, 157-165.
  • La Bounty, P. M, Campbell, B.I., Wilson, J., Galvan, E., Berardi, J., Kleiner, S.M. et al. (2011). International society of sports nutrition position stand: meal frequency. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition. 8(1), 4.
  • Narin. S., Demirbüken, İ., Özyürek, S., Eraslan, U. (2009). Relationship of the grip and pinch strength of the dominant hand with anthropometric measurements of forearm. DEU the Journal Of Medical Faculty. 23(2), 81-85.
  • Nilsson, J. and Cardinale, D. (2015). Aerobic and anaerobic test performance among elite male football players in different team positions. LASE Journal of Sport Science. 6(2), 73-92.
  • Nutrition Guide to Turkey (TUBER). (2015). Turkish Republic Ministry of Health. Publication no:1031. Ankara, Turkey.
  • Özdemir, G. (2010). Nutrition according to sports branch. Spormetre Journal of Physical Education and Sports Sciences. 8(1): 1-6.
  • Özdemir, G. and Özdilek, Ç. (2010). Nutrition habits of the students who do active sports at kutahya dumlupinar university physical education and sports college. Dumlupinar University Journal of Social Sciences: 26.
  • Parlak, N. (2008). Investigation of the knowledge and habits of athletes between the ages of 15 and 18 engaged in active sports in Konya. Selçuk University Health Sciences Instıtute. PhD Thesis. Turkey.
  • Pons, V., Riera, J., Capó, X., Martorell, M., Sureda, A., Tur, J. A. et al. (2018). Calorie restriction regime enhances physical performance of trained athletes. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition. 15(1), 12.
  • Roush, J., Kitamura, J. and Waits, M. C. (2007). Reference values fort he closed kinetic chain upper extremity stability test (ckcuest) for collegiate baseball players. North Amerıcan Journal Of Sports Physıcal Therapy. 2(3), 159-163.
  • Sarper Kahveci, M., Hergüner, G., and Albayrak, C. (2016). Determining whether the symptoms of female athletic triad in badminton female league athlete sand national team exist and the knowledge levels of them on female athletic triad. Journal of Human Sciences. 13(2), 3643-3653.
  • Sattler, T., Hadžic, V., Derviševic, E., Markovic, G. (2015). Vertical jump performance of professional male and female volleyball players: Effects of playing position and competition level. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research. 29(6): 1486-1493.
  • Tarnopolsky, M. A., Gibala, M., Jeukendrup, A. E. and Phillips, S. M. (2005). Nutritional needs of elite endurance athletes. Part I: Carbohydrate and fluid requirements. European Journal of Sport Science. 5(1), 3-14.
  • White, J. P., Wilson, J. M., Austin, K. G., Greer, B. K., St John, N., and Panton, L. B. (2008). Effect of carbohydrate-protein supplement timing on acute exercise-induced muscle damage. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition. 5(1), 5.
  • Yarar, H., Gökdemir, K., Eroğlu, H., and Özdemir, G. (2011). Evaluation of knowledge for diet and dietary habits of elite athletes. Selçuk University Journal of Physical Education And Sport Science. 13(3), 368-371.

The Effects of Nutritional Habits on Physical Fitness Parameters in Athletes

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 2, 61 - 69, 31.10.2020
https://doi.org/10.46385/tsbd.782109

Öz

Nutrition is one of the major component of sustainable energy, optimal body composition, improving physical fitness and maintaining good health status in athletes. The aim of the study is to investigate the effect of nutritional habits on physical fitness parameters of athletes playing in university teams in different sports branches. Height, body weight of the athletes were measured and body mass index (BMI) was calculated. 12 minute run test, 20 meter sprint test, slalom test, sit ups test, push up test, closed kinetic chain upper extremity stability test (CKCUET test), vertical jump test and hand grip strength test (right-left) were applied to the athletes. 72 athletes who participated in the study, 41.7% were female and 58.3% were male. It was found that the majority of athletes (60.0% for women; 66.7% for men) consumed 3-4 meals a day. While the majority of the athletes reported that they skipped meals, the most skipped meal was breakfast (p=0.05). It was observed that the group consuming 5 or more meals covered more distance in standing long jump and vertical jump tests. When the right and left hand grip strength examined, it was shown that the group who consumed 5 or more meals had better performance, but there was no statistically significant difference (p>0.05). As a result, athletes need different nutritional programs depending on factors such as gender, age, sport, training/competition time. A well nourished athlete will have higher physical fitness and concentration ability and maximum efficiency of the training.

Kaynakça

  • American College of Sports Medicine, American Dietetic Association, and Dietitians of Canada. (2000). American College of Sports Medicine & American Dietetic Association joint position statement: nutrition and athletic performance. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. 32(12), 2130.
  • Bayraktar, B., Kurtoğlu, M. (2009). Performance in sports, effective factors, evaluation and increase. Clinical development. 22(1), 16-24.
  • Canbolat, E., Çakiroğlu F. P. (2016). Vücut geliştirme ve fitness salonlarında çalışan antrenörlerin beslenme bilgi düzeylerinin saptanması. CBÜ Beden Egitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi. 11(2), 83-91.
  • Dinç, N., Gökmen, M. H. and Ergin, E. (2017). Examination of nutrition habits of individuals exercising regularly. National Journal of Sport Sciences. 1(1), 43-53.
  • Dinç, N., Gökmen, M. H. and Ergin, E. (2017). Investigating the dietary habits of the individuals who regularly exercise. National Journal of Sport Sciences. 1(1), 43-53.
  • Ersoy, G. (2014). Importance of hydration of liquid support for active people and athletes. 7punto Design Printing.
  • Ferro, A., Garrido, G., Villacieros, J., Pérez, J., and Grams, L. (2017). Nutritional habits and performance in male elite wheelchair basketball players during a precompetitive period. Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly. 34(3), 295-310.
  • Gacek, M. (2015). Association between self-efficacy and dietary behaviours of American football players in the Polish Clubs in the light of dietary recommendations for athletes. Roczniki Państwowego Zakładu Higieny. 66(4).
  • Göral, K., Saygın, Ö., and Karacabey, K. (2010). Amateur and professional football player to investigate the level of nutritional knowledge. International Journal of Human Sciences. 7(1).
  • Gülgün, E. and Hasbay, A. (2008). Sports nutrition. Turkish Republic Ministry of Health. Available from: https://sbu.saglik.gov.tr/Ekutuphane/kitaplar/A%203.pdf
  • Güzel Atalay, N., and Kafa, N. (2017). Sports Health. Evaluation in sport-physical fitness assessment methods. Ankara: Hipokrat Kitabevi. 56-64.
  • Karacabey, K. (2013). Sport performance and agility tests. Journal of Human Sciences. 10(1), 1693-1704.
  • Kerksick, C., Harvey, T., Stout, J., Campbell, B., Wilborn, C., Kreider, R., et al. (2008). International Society of Sports Nutrition position stand: nutrient timing. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition.5(1),17.
  • Kessinger, T. K. (2018). Nutritional recovery considerations for intermittent exercise and sport. Strategies. 31(6): 26-33.
  • Kondrič, M., Uljević, O., Gabrilo, G., Kontić, D., & Sekulić, D. (2012). General anthropometric and specific physical fitness profile of high-level junior water polo players. Journal of humankinetics. 32, 157-165.
  • La Bounty, P. M, Campbell, B.I., Wilson, J., Galvan, E., Berardi, J., Kleiner, S.M. et al. (2011). International society of sports nutrition position stand: meal frequency. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition. 8(1), 4.
  • Narin. S., Demirbüken, İ., Özyürek, S., Eraslan, U. (2009). Relationship of the grip and pinch strength of the dominant hand with anthropometric measurements of forearm. DEU the Journal Of Medical Faculty. 23(2), 81-85.
  • Nilsson, J. and Cardinale, D. (2015). Aerobic and anaerobic test performance among elite male football players in different team positions. LASE Journal of Sport Science. 6(2), 73-92.
  • Nutrition Guide to Turkey (TUBER). (2015). Turkish Republic Ministry of Health. Publication no:1031. Ankara, Turkey.
  • Özdemir, G. (2010). Nutrition according to sports branch. Spormetre Journal of Physical Education and Sports Sciences. 8(1): 1-6.
  • Özdemir, G. and Özdilek, Ç. (2010). Nutrition habits of the students who do active sports at kutahya dumlupinar university physical education and sports college. Dumlupinar University Journal of Social Sciences: 26.
  • Parlak, N. (2008). Investigation of the knowledge and habits of athletes between the ages of 15 and 18 engaged in active sports in Konya. Selçuk University Health Sciences Instıtute. PhD Thesis. Turkey.
  • Pons, V., Riera, J., Capó, X., Martorell, M., Sureda, A., Tur, J. A. et al. (2018). Calorie restriction regime enhances physical performance of trained athletes. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition. 15(1), 12.
  • Roush, J., Kitamura, J. and Waits, M. C. (2007). Reference values fort he closed kinetic chain upper extremity stability test (ckcuest) for collegiate baseball players. North Amerıcan Journal Of Sports Physıcal Therapy. 2(3), 159-163.
  • Sarper Kahveci, M., Hergüner, G., and Albayrak, C. (2016). Determining whether the symptoms of female athletic triad in badminton female league athlete sand national team exist and the knowledge levels of them on female athletic triad. Journal of Human Sciences. 13(2), 3643-3653.
  • Sattler, T., Hadžic, V., Derviševic, E., Markovic, G. (2015). Vertical jump performance of professional male and female volleyball players: Effects of playing position and competition level. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research. 29(6): 1486-1493.
  • Tarnopolsky, M. A., Gibala, M., Jeukendrup, A. E. and Phillips, S. M. (2005). Nutritional needs of elite endurance athletes. Part I: Carbohydrate and fluid requirements. European Journal of Sport Science. 5(1), 3-14.
  • White, J. P., Wilson, J. M., Austin, K. G., Greer, B. K., St John, N., and Panton, L. B. (2008). Effect of carbohydrate-protein supplement timing on acute exercise-induced muscle damage. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition. 5(1), 5.
  • Yarar, H., Gökdemir, K., Eroğlu, H., and Özdemir, G. (2011). Evaluation of knowledge for diet and dietary habits of elite athletes. Selçuk University Journal of Physical Education And Sport Science. 13(3), 368-371.
Toplam 29 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Spor Hekimliği
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Bedriye Ural 0000-0001-8569-8943

Emine Atıcı 0000-0002-6547-4798

Gamze Aydın 0000-0002-4952-2825

Laçin Naz Taşcılar 0000-0001-6613-822X

Burcu Yeşilkaya 0000-0001-9986-6119

Ahmet Cüneyt Akgöl 0000-0002-0686-4657

Tülay Çevik Saldıran 0000-0003-4048-1251

Mehmet Özkeskin 0000-0001-7052-9549

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Ekim 2020
Kabul Tarihi 26 Ekim 2020
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2020 Cilt: 3 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Ural, B., Atıcı, E., Aydın, G., Taşcılar, L. N., vd. (2020). The Effects of Nutritional Habits on Physical Fitness Parameters in Athletes. Türk Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 3(2), 61-69. https://doi.org/10.46385/tsbd.782109

TÜBİTAK-ULAKBİM DERGİPARK AKADEMİK bünyesinde kurulan Türk Spor Bilimleri Dergisi Doçentlik başvurusu Ulusal Makale b maddesi kapsamındadır.