Öz
Aim: This study aims to examine the effect of breast cancer and breast self-examination online education given in line with the Health Belief Model on women's health beliefs and fear of breast cancer.
Methods: This research, conducted in a quasi-experimental type with a single group pretest-posttest evaluation, was carried out as an online study between November 2022 and January 2023. The study included 66 women in a social media group. The data of the study were collected with the descriptive characteristics data collection form, “Champion Health Belief Model Scale”, and “Champion Breast Cancer Fear Scale” before and two months after the online education intervention. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and paired samples t-test.
Results: After the online education intervention, there was a significant increase in the mean scores of women's health beliefs subscales, perceived susceptibility (t=-6.616, p=0.001), perceived benefits (t=-10.576, p=0.001), perceived confidence (t=-16.268, p=0.001), and health motivation (t=-3.125, p=0.001); there was a significant decrease in the mean score of perceived barriers (t=6.712, p=0.001). The online education intervention had no effect on the perceived seriousness (t=-1.493, p=0.14), one of the subscales of women's health beliefs. A significant decrease was found between the breast cancer fear scale pretest and posttest mean scores (t=6.170, p=0.001).
Conclusion: The results of this study show that breast cancer and breast self-examination online education have significant effects on women's health beliefs, especially perceived susceptibility, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, perceived trust, and health motivation, and reduce the fear of breast cancer. An online educational intervention may be an appropriate approach to encourage women to practice breast awareness and regular breast self-examination.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Online Training Breast Self-Exam Breast Cancer Fear of Breast Cancer Health Belief Model
Proje Numarası
-
Kaynakça
- 1. Karimian Z, Zare R, Zarifsanaiey N, Salehi N. The effect of video-based multimedia training on knowledge, attitude, and performance in breast self-examination. BMC Women's Health 2022;22(1):1-14.
- 2. Seely JM, Alhassan T. Screening for breast cancer in 2018—what should we be doing today? Current Oncology 2018;25(s1):115–124.
- 3. Heer E, Harper A, Escandor N, Sung H, McCormack V, Fidler-Benaoudia MM. Global burden and trends in premenopausal and postmenopausal breast cancer: a population-based study. The Lancet Global Health 2020, 8(8):e1027–e37.
- 4. World Health Organziation, Cancer Country Profiles 2020. 2020. Erişim Tarihi:21.04.2023 https://www.iccp-portal.org/news/who-cancer-country-profiles-2020
- 5. Tarı Selçuk K, Avcı D, Yılmaz Dündar G, Mercan Y. Breast cancer screening behaviors in women aged 40 years and over in a semi-urban region in Turkey: relationships with health beliefs. Healthcare 2020;8(2); 1-10.
- 6. Khani Jeihooni A, Moayedi ZS, Momenabadi V, Ghalegolab F, Afzali Harsini P. Effect of Educational Intervention Based on Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) on doing breast self-examination in a sample of Iranian women. Breast Cancer: Basic and Clinical Research 2013; 17:11782234221145417.
- 7. Koçak HS, Ece ZO, Güngörmüş Z. Birinci derece yakını meme kanserli kadınların korku düzeyinin erken tanı davranışlarına etkisi. Hemşirelik Bilimi Dergisi 2022;5(1):22–9.
- 8. Naz MSG, Simbar M, Fakari FR, Ghasemi V. Effects of model-based interventions on breast cancer screening behavior of women: a systematic review. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2018;19(8):2031-41.
- 9. Yildirim D, Kocaağalar Akince E. Effect of breast self-examination training and follow-up program using health belief model on Turkish women’s knowledge, attitudes, and practices: A randomized controlled study. International Journal of Health Promotion and Education, 2022;60(5):286–97.
- 10. Taylan S, Özkan İ, Öncel S. The relationship between the fear of breast cancer, risk factors, and early diagnosis behaviors of women by age groups. Perspectives in Psychiatric Care 2021;57(4):1566–77.
- 11. Akhtari-Zavare M, Juni MH, Said SM, Ismail IZ, Latiff LA, Ataollahi Eshkoor S. Result of randomized control trial to increase breast health awareness among young females in Malaysia. BMC Public Health 2016; 16, 1-11.
- 12. Masoudiyekta L, Rezaei-Bayatiyani H, Dashtbozorgi B, Gheibizadeh M, Malehi AS, Moradi M. Effect of education based on health belief model on the behavior of breast cancer screening in women. Asia-Pacific Journal of Oncology Nursing 2018;5(1):114-20.
- 13. American Cancer Society, Breast Cancer Early Detection and Diagnosis. 2023. Erişim Tarihi:21.04.2023 https://www.cancer.org/cancer/breast-cancer/screening-tests-and-early-detection/american-cancer-society-recommendations-for-the-early-detection-of-breast-cancer.html
- 14. Sağlık Bakanlığı. Meme Kanseri. 2023. Erişim Tarihi:21.04.2023 https://hsgm.saglik.gov.tr/tr/kanser-turleri/kanser-turleri/meme-kanseri.html15
- 15. Emami L, Ghahramanian A, Rahmani A, Mirza Aghazadeh A, Onyeka TC, Nabighadim A. Beliefs, fear and awareness of women about breast cancer: Effects on mammography screening practices. Nurse Open 2021;8(2):890-99.
- 16. Taleghani F, Kianpour M, Tabatabaiyan M. Barriers to breast self-examination among Iranian women. Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research 2019;24(2):108-12.
- 17. Özkan İ, Taylan S. Barriers to women’s breast cancer screening behaviors in several countries: A meta-synthesis study. Health Care for Women International 2021;42(7–9):1013–43.
- 18. Momenimovahed Z, Tiznobaik A, Taheri S, Hassanipour S, Salehiniya H. A review of barriers and facilitators to mammography in Asian women. Ecancermedicalscience 2020; 14: 1-16.
- 19. Ceber E, Turk M, Ciceklioglu M. The effects of an educational program on knowledge of breast cancer, early detection practices and health beliefs of nurses and midwives. Journal of Clinical Nursing 2010;19(15‐16):2363–71.
- 20. Shakery M, Mehrabi M, Khademian Z. The effect of a smartphone application on women’s performance and health beliefs about breast self-examination: a quasi-experimental study. BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making 2021;21(1):1–10.
- 21. Ibitoye OF, Thupayegale-Tshwenegae G. The impact of education on knowledge attitude and practice of breast self-examination among adolescents girls at the Fiwasaye girls grammar school Akure, Nigeria. Journal of Cancer Education 2021:36;39-46. 22. Champion VL. Instrument refinement for breast cancer screening behaviors. Nursing research 1993;42(3):139–43.
- 23. Glanz K, Rimer BK, Viswanath K. Health behavior and health education: theory, research, and practice. 4th ed. San Francisco: John Wiley & Sons; 2008. p. 45-65
- 24. Błajda J, Barnaś E, Kucab A. Application of Personalized Education in the Mobile Medical App for Breast Self-Examination. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2022;19(8):4482.
- 25. Daryazadeh S. Necessity of E-learning application and its effectiveness in self-patients’ care. Razi Journal of Medical Sciences 2016;23(149):9–17.
- 26. Kayar N. Meme Kanseri ve Kendi Kendine Meme Muayenesi Eğitiminin Meme Kanseri Korkusu ve Sağlık İnançlarına Etkisi, Ordu Üniversitesi, Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Ordu; 2019. p.48-9
- 27. Ural A, Kiliç İ. Bilimsel araştırma süreci ve SPSS ile veri analizi. 4th ed. Ankara: Detay Yayıncılık; 2013. p.43-4.
- 28. Yurt S, Saglam Aksut R, Kadioglu H. The effect of peer education on health beliefs about breast cancer screening. International Nursing Review 2019;66(4):498–505.
- 29. Karayurt O, Dramal A, Adaptation of Champion’s Health Belief Model Scale for Turkish women and evaluation of the selected variables associated with breast self-examination. Cancer Nursing 2007;30(1):69–77.
- 30. Champion VL. Revised susceptibility, benefits, and barriers scale for mammography screening. Research in nursing & health 1999;22(4):341–8.
- 31. Champion VL, Skinner CS, Menon U, Rawl S, Giesler RB, Monahan P, Daggy J. A breast cancer fear scale: psychometric development. Journal of health psychology 2004;9(6):753-62.
- 32. Secginli S. Mammography self-efficacy scale and breast cancer fear scale: psychometric testing of the Turkish versions. Cancer Nursing 2012;35(5):365–73.
- 33. Taşkın L, Eroğlu K, Terzioğlu F, Vural G, Kutlu Ö. Hemşire ve ebeler için doğum ve kadın sağlığı uygulama rehberi. 2th ed. Ankara: Palme Yayıncılık; 2019. p.165-9.
Öz
Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, Sağlık İnanç Modeli doğrultusunda verilen meme kanseri ve kendi kendine meme muayenesi çevrimiçi eğitiminin kadınların sağlık inançlarına ve meme kanseri korkusuna etkisini incelemektir.
Yöntem: Tek grup ön test-son test değerlendirmeli yarı deneysel türde yürütülen bu araştırma Kasım 2022-Ocak 2023 tarihleri arasında çevrimiçi bir çalışma olarak gerçekleştirildi. Araştırmaya bir sosyal medya grubunda yer alan 66 kadın dahil edildi. Araştırmanın verileri çevrimiçi eğitim müdahalesi öncesi ve müdahaleden iki ay sonra tanıtıcı özellikler veri toplama formu, “Champion Sağlık İnanç Modeli Ölçeği”, ve “Champion Meme Kanseri Korku Ölçeği” ile toplandı. Veriler tanımlayıcı istatistikler, bağımlı gruplarda t-testi kullanılarak analiz edildi.
Bulgular: Çevrimiçi eğitim müdahalesi sonrasında kadınların sağlık inançları alt boyutlarından duyarlılık algısı (t=-6,616, p=0,001), yarar algısı (t=-10,576, p=0,001), güven algısı (t=-16,268, p=0,001) ve sağlık motivasyonu (t=-3,125, p=0,001) puan ortalamalarında anlamlı bir artış olduğu, engel algısı (t=6,712, p=0,001) puan ortalamasında ise anlamlı bir azalış olduğu saptandı. Çevrimiçi eğitim müdahalesinin kadınların sağlık inançları alt boyutlarından ciddiyet algısına (t=-1,493, p=0,14) etkisi olmadığı belirlendi. Meme kanseri korkusu ölçeği ön test ve son test puan ortalamaları arasında (t=6,170, p=0,001) anlamlı bir azalış olduğu saptandı.
Sonuç: Bu araştırmanın sonuçları meme kanseri ve kendi kendine meme muayenesi çevrimiçi eğitiminin kadınların sağlık inançlarında, özellikle duyarlılık, yarar, engel, güven algısı ve sağlık motivasyonunda anlamlı etkileri olduğunu ve meme kanseri korkusunu azalttığını göstermektedir. Kadınları meme farkındalığı ve düzenli kendi kendine meme muayenesi uygulamaları konusunda teşvik etmek için çevrimiçi eğitim müdahalesi uygun bir yaklaşım olabilir.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Çevrimiçi Eğitim Kendi Kendine Meme Muayenesi Meme Kanseri Meme Kanseri Korkusu Sağlık İnanç Modeli
Destekleyen Kurum
Bulunmamaktadır
Proje Numarası
-
Teşekkür
Araştırma için gönüllü olan tüm katılımcılara teşekkür ederiz.
Kaynakça
- 1. Karimian Z, Zare R, Zarifsanaiey N, Salehi N. The effect of video-based multimedia training on knowledge, attitude, and performance in breast self-examination. BMC Women's Health 2022;22(1):1-14.
- 2. Seely JM, Alhassan T. Screening for breast cancer in 2018—what should we be doing today? Current Oncology 2018;25(s1):115–124.
- 3. Heer E, Harper A, Escandor N, Sung H, McCormack V, Fidler-Benaoudia MM. Global burden and trends in premenopausal and postmenopausal breast cancer: a population-based study. The Lancet Global Health 2020, 8(8):e1027–e37.
- 4. World Health Organziation, Cancer Country Profiles 2020. 2020. Erişim Tarihi:21.04.2023 https://www.iccp-portal.org/news/who-cancer-country-profiles-2020
- 5. Tarı Selçuk K, Avcı D, Yılmaz Dündar G, Mercan Y. Breast cancer screening behaviors in women aged 40 years and over in a semi-urban region in Turkey: relationships with health beliefs. Healthcare 2020;8(2); 1-10.
- 6. Khani Jeihooni A, Moayedi ZS, Momenabadi V, Ghalegolab F, Afzali Harsini P. Effect of Educational Intervention Based on Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) on doing breast self-examination in a sample of Iranian women. Breast Cancer: Basic and Clinical Research 2013; 17:11782234221145417.
- 7. Koçak HS, Ece ZO, Güngörmüş Z. Birinci derece yakını meme kanserli kadınların korku düzeyinin erken tanı davranışlarına etkisi. Hemşirelik Bilimi Dergisi 2022;5(1):22–9.
- 8. Naz MSG, Simbar M, Fakari FR, Ghasemi V. Effects of model-based interventions on breast cancer screening behavior of women: a systematic review. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2018;19(8):2031-41.
- 9. Yildirim D, Kocaağalar Akince E. Effect of breast self-examination training and follow-up program using health belief model on Turkish women’s knowledge, attitudes, and practices: A randomized controlled study. International Journal of Health Promotion and Education, 2022;60(5):286–97.
- 10. Taylan S, Özkan İ, Öncel S. The relationship between the fear of breast cancer, risk factors, and early diagnosis behaviors of women by age groups. Perspectives in Psychiatric Care 2021;57(4):1566–77.
- 11. Akhtari-Zavare M, Juni MH, Said SM, Ismail IZ, Latiff LA, Ataollahi Eshkoor S. Result of randomized control trial to increase breast health awareness among young females in Malaysia. BMC Public Health 2016; 16, 1-11.
- 12. Masoudiyekta L, Rezaei-Bayatiyani H, Dashtbozorgi B, Gheibizadeh M, Malehi AS, Moradi M. Effect of education based on health belief model on the behavior of breast cancer screening in women. Asia-Pacific Journal of Oncology Nursing 2018;5(1):114-20.
- 13. American Cancer Society, Breast Cancer Early Detection and Diagnosis. 2023. Erişim Tarihi:21.04.2023 https://www.cancer.org/cancer/breast-cancer/screening-tests-and-early-detection/american-cancer-society-recommendations-for-the-early-detection-of-breast-cancer.html
- 14. Sağlık Bakanlığı. Meme Kanseri. 2023. Erişim Tarihi:21.04.2023 https://hsgm.saglik.gov.tr/tr/kanser-turleri/kanser-turleri/meme-kanseri.html15
- 15. Emami L, Ghahramanian A, Rahmani A, Mirza Aghazadeh A, Onyeka TC, Nabighadim A. Beliefs, fear and awareness of women about breast cancer: Effects on mammography screening practices. Nurse Open 2021;8(2):890-99.
- 16. Taleghani F, Kianpour M, Tabatabaiyan M. Barriers to breast self-examination among Iranian women. Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research 2019;24(2):108-12.
- 17. Özkan İ, Taylan S. Barriers to women’s breast cancer screening behaviors in several countries: A meta-synthesis study. Health Care for Women International 2021;42(7–9):1013–43.
- 18. Momenimovahed Z, Tiznobaik A, Taheri S, Hassanipour S, Salehiniya H. A review of barriers and facilitators to mammography in Asian women. Ecancermedicalscience 2020; 14: 1-16.
- 19. Ceber E, Turk M, Ciceklioglu M. The effects of an educational program on knowledge of breast cancer, early detection practices and health beliefs of nurses and midwives. Journal of Clinical Nursing 2010;19(15‐16):2363–71.
- 20. Shakery M, Mehrabi M, Khademian Z. The effect of a smartphone application on women’s performance and health beliefs about breast self-examination: a quasi-experimental study. BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making 2021;21(1):1–10.
- 21. Ibitoye OF, Thupayegale-Tshwenegae G. The impact of education on knowledge attitude and practice of breast self-examination among adolescents girls at the Fiwasaye girls grammar school Akure, Nigeria. Journal of Cancer Education 2021:36;39-46. 22. Champion VL. Instrument refinement for breast cancer screening behaviors. Nursing research 1993;42(3):139–43.
- 23. Glanz K, Rimer BK, Viswanath K. Health behavior and health education: theory, research, and practice. 4th ed. San Francisco: John Wiley & Sons; 2008. p. 45-65
- 24. Błajda J, Barnaś E, Kucab A. Application of Personalized Education in the Mobile Medical App for Breast Self-Examination. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2022;19(8):4482.
- 25. Daryazadeh S. Necessity of E-learning application and its effectiveness in self-patients’ care. Razi Journal of Medical Sciences 2016;23(149):9–17.
- 26. Kayar N. Meme Kanseri ve Kendi Kendine Meme Muayenesi Eğitiminin Meme Kanseri Korkusu ve Sağlık İnançlarına Etkisi, Ordu Üniversitesi, Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Ordu; 2019. p.48-9
- 27. Ural A, Kiliç İ. Bilimsel araştırma süreci ve SPSS ile veri analizi. 4th ed. Ankara: Detay Yayıncılık; 2013. p.43-4.
- 28. Yurt S, Saglam Aksut R, Kadioglu H. The effect of peer education on health beliefs about breast cancer screening. International Nursing Review 2019;66(4):498–505.
- 29. Karayurt O, Dramal A, Adaptation of Champion’s Health Belief Model Scale for Turkish women and evaluation of the selected variables associated with breast self-examination. Cancer Nursing 2007;30(1):69–77.
- 30. Champion VL. Revised susceptibility, benefits, and barriers scale for mammography screening. Research in nursing & health 1999;22(4):341–8.
- 31. Champion VL, Skinner CS, Menon U, Rawl S, Giesler RB, Monahan P, Daggy J. A breast cancer fear scale: psychometric development. Journal of health psychology 2004;9(6):753-62.
- 32. Secginli S. Mammography self-efficacy scale and breast cancer fear scale: psychometric testing of the Turkish versions. Cancer Nursing 2012;35(5):365–73.
- 33. Taşkın L, Eroğlu K, Terzioğlu F, Vural G, Kutlu Ö. Hemşire ve ebeler için doğum ve kadın sağlığı uygulama rehberi. 2th ed. Ankara: Palme Yayıncılık; 2019. p.165-9.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | Türkçe |
|---|---|
| Konular | Aile Hekimliği |
| Bölüm | Orijinal Makaleler |
| Yazarlar | |
| Proje Numarası | - |
| Erken Görünüm Tarihi | 10 Aralık 2023 |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 19 Aralık 2023 |
| Gönderilme Tarihi | 18 Mart 2023 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2023 Cilt: 17 Sayı: 4 - Turkish Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care |
- Makale Dosyaları
Sağlığın ve birinci basamak bakımın anlaşılmasına ve geliştirilmesine katkıda bulunacak yeni bilgilere sahip yazarların İngilizce veya Türkçe makaleleri memnuniyetle karşılanmaktadır.