Araştırma Makalesi
Yıl 2023,
Cilt: 24 Sayı: 4, 399 - 402, 28.12.2023
Öz
Elastic constants of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) wood grown in Turkey were investigated using non-destructive ultrasound tests. Elastic modulus in longitudinal and perpendicular directions (EL, ER, ET), shear modulus in principal planes (GLR, GLT, GRT) and Poisson ratios (ʋLR, ʋRL ʋLT, ʋLT, ʋRT, ʋTR) were calculated using cubic samples (20 mm) which were conditioned at 65 % relative humidity and 21 °C. Longitudinal and transverse ultrasonic sound velocities in fiber (L), radial (R) and tangential (T) directions were measured using 2.25 MHz and 1 MHz sensors, respectively. Transverse sound wave velocities at an angle of 45° to the L, R and T directions were also measured with a 1 MHz sensor in order to calculate the Poisson ratios. The predicted elastic modulus based on ultrasound in L, R, T directions were 10600, 1300 and 470 N/mm2, respectively. The predicted shear modulus based on ultrasound in LR, LT, RT planes were 1180, 1050 and 350 N/mm2, respectively. Poisson ratios varied between 0.04 to 0.95. Comparing the data available in the literature, elastic constants of scots pine determined using ultrasonic method were within the acceptable values.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- Aira, J. R., Arriaga. F., Gonzalez, G. I., 2014. Determination of the elastic constants of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) wood by means of compression. Biosyst Eng, 126: 12-22.
- Baradit, E., Niemz, P., 2012. Elastic constants of some native chilean wood species using ultrasound techniques. Wood Res., 57(3): 497-504.
- Beall, F.C., 2002. Overview of the use of ultrasonic technologies in research on wood properties. Wood Sci and Technol, 36(3): 197-212.
- Bodig, J., Jayne, B.A., 1993. Mechanics of Wood and Wood Composites. Krieger Publishing Company, Malabar, USA.
- Bucur, V., 2006. Acoustics of wood. Springer Verlag, Berlin.
- Bucur, V., Archer, R.R., 1984. Elastic constants for wood by an ultrasonic method. Wood Sci and Technol, 18: 255-265.
- Büyüksarı Ü., As N., Dündar T. 2017. Mechanical properties of early wood and latewood sections of Scots pine wood. BioResources 12 (2): 4004-4012
- Çetin, F., Gündüz, G., 2017. Türkiye’deki bazı ağaç türü odunlarının mekanik özellikleri üzerine yapılan araştırmaların değerlendirilmesi. Bartın Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, 19(1):161-181.
- Dahl, K.B., 2009. Mechanical properties of clear wood from Norway Spruce. Doctoral thesis. Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
- Davies, N.T., Altaner, C.M., Apiolaza, L.A., 2016. Elastic constants of green Pinus radiata wood. New Zealand J of For Sci, December, 46:19.
- Dinwoodie, J.M., 2000. Timber: Its Nature and Behavior. CRC Press, London.
- Divos, F., Tanaka, T., Nagao, H., Kato, H., 1998. Determination of shear modulus on construction size timber. Wood Sci and Technol, 32: 393-402.
- Gonçalves, R., Trinca, A.J., Cerri, D.G.P., 2011. Comparison of elastic constants of wood determined by ultrasonic wave propagation and static compression testing. Wood and Fiber Sci, 43(1): 64-75.
- Gonçalves, R., Trinca, A.J., Pellis, B.P., 2014. Elastic constants of wood determined by ultrasound using three geometries of specimens. Wood Sci and Technol, 4: 269-287.
- Güntekin, E., 2022. Sedir odununun (Cedrus libani A.) elastik sabitleri. Bartın Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, 24(3):436-443.
- Güntekin, E., Akar, S., 2019. Influence of moisture content on elastic constants of scots pine wood subjected to compression. Drewno, 62(204):41-53.
- Güntekin, E., Aydın, T.Y., Niemz, P., 2016a. Some orthotropic elastic properties of Fagus orientalis as influenced by moisture content. Wood Res, 61(1): 95-104.
- Güntekin, E., Aydın, T.Y., Niemz, P., 2016b. Some orthotropic mechanical properties of sessile oak (Quercus Petraea) as influenced by moisture content. Eurasian J of For Sci, 4(1): 40-47.
- Harrison, S. K., 2006. Comparison of shear modulus test methods. Master’s Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic and State University, Blacksburg, USA.
- Kaygin, B., Esnaf, S., Aydemir, D., 2016. The effect of altitude difference on physical and mechanical properties of scots pine wood grown in Turkey - Sinop province. Drvna Industrija, 67(4): 393-397.
- Keskin, H., Atar, M., Kurt, R., 2003. Lamine edilmiş sarıçam (Pinus sylvestris L.) odununun bazı fiziksel ve mekanik özellikleri. KSÜ Fen ve Mühendislik Dergisi, 6(1): 75-84.
- Kretschmann, D.E., 2010. Mechanical Properties of Wood in: Wood Handbook: Wood as an Engineering Material (Ed: Ross, R.J.), Gen Techn Rep FPL-GTR 190, USDA Forest Products Laboratory, Madison.
- Llana, D.F., Gonzalez, G.I., Arriaga, F., Wang, X., 2016. Time of flight adjustments procedure for acoustic measurements in structural timber. BioResources, 11(2): 3303-3317.
- Oliveira, R.G.F., de Campos, J.A.O., Pletz, E., Sales, A., 2002. Nondestructive evaluation of wood using ultrasonic technique. Maderas. Ciencia y tecnologia, 4(2): 133-139.
- Ozyhar, T., Hering, S., Sanabria, S.J., Niemz, P., 2013. Determining moisture-dependent elastic characteristics of beech wood by means of ultrasonic waves. Wood Sci and Technol, 47: 329-341.
- Ulker, O., İmirzi, Ö., Burdurlu, E., 2012. The effect of densification temperature on some physical and mechanical properties of Scots pine. BioResources, 7(4): 5581-5592.
- Vazquez, C., Gonçalves, R., Bertoldo, C., Bano, V., Vega, A., Crespo, J., Guaita, M.D., 2015. Determination of the mechanical properties of Castanea sativa Mill. using ultrasonic wave propagation and compression with static compression and bending methods. Wood Sci and Technol, 49: 607-622.
- Yıldırım, M.N., Uysal, B., Ozcıftcı, A., Ertas, A.H., 2015. Determination o fatigue and static strength of scots pine and beech wood. Wood Research, 60(4): 679-686.
Yıl 2023,
Cilt: 24 Sayı: 4, 399 - 402, 28.12.2023
Öz
Türkiye'de yetişen sarıçamın (Pinus sylvestris L.) elastik sabitleri tahribatsız ultrasonik testler kullanılarak incelenmiştir. Boyuna ve liflere dik yönlerde elastikiyet modülleri (EL, ER, ET), ana düzlemlerde kesme modülleri (GLR, GLT, GRT) ve Poisson oranları (ʋLR, ʋRL ʋLT, ʋLT, ʋRT, ʋTR) % 65 bağıl nem ve 21 °C sıcaklıkta şartlandırılan 20 mm kenar ölçüsüne sahip kübik numuneler kullanılarak hesaplanmıştır. Lif (L), radyal (R) ve teğet (T) yönlerdeki boyuna ve enine ultrasonik ses hızları sırasıyla 2.25 MHz ve 1 MHz sensörler kullanılarak ölçülmüştür. Poisson oranlarını hesaplamak amacıyla L, R ve T yönlerine 45° açıyla enine ses dalgası hızları da 1 MHz sensörle ölçülmüştür. L, R, T yönlerinde ultrasona dayalı tahmin edilen elastik modül sırasıyla 10600, 1300 ve 470 N/mm2 bulunmuştur. LR, LT, RT düzlemlerinde ultrasona dayalı tahmin edilen kesme modülü sırasıyla 1180, 1050 ve 350 N/mm2 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Poisson oranları 0.04 ile 0.95 arasında değişmektedir. Literatürdeki veriler ile karşılaştırıldığında sarıçam odununun ultrasonik yöntemle belirlenen elastik sabitlerin kabul edilebilir değerler içerisinde olduğu görülmüştür.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- Aira, J. R., Arriaga. F., Gonzalez, G. I., 2014. Determination of the elastic constants of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) wood by means of compression. Biosyst Eng, 126: 12-22.
- Baradit, E., Niemz, P., 2012. Elastic constants of some native chilean wood species using ultrasound techniques. Wood Res., 57(3): 497-504.
- Beall, F.C., 2002. Overview of the use of ultrasonic technologies in research on wood properties. Wood Sci and Technol, 36(3): 197-212.
- Bodig, J., Jayne, B.A., 1993. Mechanics of Wood and Wood Composites. Krieger Publishing Company, Malabar, USA.
- Bucur, V., 2006. Acoustics of wood. Springer Verlag, Berlin.
- Bucur, V., Archer, R.R., 1984. Elastic constants for wood by an ultrasonic method. Wood Sci and Technol, 18: 255-265.
- Büyüksarı Ü., As N., Dündar T. 2017. Mechanical properties of early wood and latewood sections of Scots pine wood. BioResources 12 (2): 4004-4012
- Çetin, F., Gündüz, G., 2017. Türkiye’deki bazı ağaç türü odunlarının mekanik özellikleri üzerine yapılan araştırmaların değerlendirilmesi. Bartın Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, 19(1):161-181.
- Dahl, K.B., 2009. Mechanical properties of clear wood from Norway Spruce. Doctoral thesis. Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
- Davies, N.T., Altaner, C.M., Apiolaza, L.A., 2016. Elastic constants of green Pinus radiata wood. New Zealand J of For Sci, December, 46:19.
- Dinwoodie, J.M., 2000. Timber: Its Nature and Behavior. CRC Press, London.
- Divos, F., Tanaka, T., Nagao, H., Kato, H., 1998. Determination of shear modulus on construction size timber. Wood Sci and Technol, 32: 393-402.
- Gonçalves, R., Trinca, A.J., Cerri, D.G.P., 2011. Comparison of elastic constants of wood determined by ultrasonic wave propagation and static compression testing. Wood and Fiber Sci, 43(1): 64-75.
- Gonçalves, R., Trinca, A.J., Pellis, B.P., 2014. Elastic constants of wood determined by ultrasound using three geometries of specimens. Wood Sci and Technol, 4: 269-287.
- Güntekin, E., 2022. Sedir odununun (Cedrus libani A.) elastik sabitleri. Bartın Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, 24(3):436-443.
- Güntekin, E., Akar, S., 2019. Influence of moisture content on elastic constants of scots pine wood subjected to compression. Drewno, 62(204):41-53.
- Güntekin, E., Aydın, T.Y., Niemz, P., 2016a. Some orthotropic elastic properties of Fagus orientalis as influenced by moisture content. Wood Res, 61(1): 95-104.
- Güntekin, E., Aydın, T.Y., Niemz, P., 2016b. Some orthotropic mechanical properties of sessile oak (Quercus Petraea) as influenced by moisture content. Eurasian J of For Sci, 4(1): 40-47.
- Harrison, S. K., 2006. Comparison of shear modulus test methods. Master’s Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic and State University, Blacksburg, USA.
- Kaygin, B., Esnaf, S., Aydemir, D., 2016. The effect of altitude difference on physical and mechanical properties of scots pine wood grown in Turkey - Sinop province. Drvna Industrija, 67(4): 393-397.
- Keskin, H., Atar, M., Kurt, R., 2003. Lamine edilmiş sarıçam (Pinus sylvestris L.) odununun bazı fiziksel ve mekanik özellikleri. KSÜ Fen ve Mühendislik Dergisi, 6(1): 75-84.
- Kretschmann, D.E., 2010. Mechanical Properties of Wood in: Wood Handbook: Wood as an Engineering Material (Ed: Ross, R.J.), Gen Techn Rep FPL-GTR 190, USDA Forest Products Laboratory, Madison.
- Llana, D.F., Gonzalez, G.I., Arriaga, F., Wang, X., 2016. Time of flight adjustments procedure for acoustic measurements in structural timber. BioResources, 11(2): 3303-3317.
- Oliveira, R.G.F., de Campos, J.A.O., Pletz, E., Sales, A., 2002. Nondestructive evaluation of wood using ultrasonic technique. Maderas. Ciencia y tecnologia, 4(2): 133-139.
- Ozyhar, T., Hering, S., Sanabria, S.J., Niemz, P., 2013. Determining moisture-dependent elastic characteristics of beech wood by means of ultrasonic waves. Wood Sci and Technol, 47: 329-341.
- Ulker, O., İmirzi, Ö., Burdurlu, E., 2012. The effect of densification temperature on some physical and mechanical properties of Scots pine. BioResources, 7(4): 5581-5592.
- Vazquez, C., Gonçalves, R., Bertoldo, C., Bano, V., Vega, A., Crespo, J., Guaita, M.D., 2015. Determination of the mechanical properties of Castanea sativa Mill. using ultrasonic wave propagation and compression with static compression and bending methods. Wood Sci and Technol, 49: 607-622.
- Yıldırım, M.N., Uysal, B., Ozcıftcı, A., Ertas, A.H., 2015. Determination o fatigue and static strength of scots pine and beech wood. Wood Research, 60(4): 679-686.
Toplam 28 adet kaynakça vardır.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | İngilizce |
|---|---|
| Konular | Mühendislik |
| Bölüm | Orijinal Araştırma Makalesi |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 28 Aralık 2023 |
| Kabul Tarihi | 9 Kasım 2023 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2023 Cilt: 24 Sayı: 4 |
