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Buğdayda verim ve verim parametrelerine toprak özelliklerinin etkisi

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 2, 159 - 164, 27.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.33409/tbbbd.1211940

Öz

Bu çalışmada sera koşullarında kumlu tın ve kil bünyeye sahip iki farklı toprakta yetiştirilen buğday bitkisinin verim ve verim parametrelerindeki değişim araştırılmıştır. Çalışma tesadüf parselleri deneme desenine göre düzenlenmiş ve 3 tekerrürlü olarak yürütülmüştür. Deneme sonunda hasat edilen bitki örneklerinde biyolojik verim, tane verimi, bitki boyu, ana sap kalınlığı, başak uzunluğu, başaktaki ortalama tane sayısı, ortalama tane ağırlığı, ortalama tane eni ve ortalama tane boyu gibi verim parametreleri incelenmiştir. Kil ve kumlu tın bünyeli topraklarda yetiştirilen buğday bitkilerinin verim parametreleri incelendiğinde bin tane ağırlığı, hasat indeksi ve tane boyu hariç, diğer parametrelerin istatistiksel olarak önemli düzeyde farklılık gösterdiği belirlenmiştir. Tüm parametrelerde en yüksek değerler kil bünyeli toprakta yetiştirilen buğday bitkisinden elde edilmiştir. Kil bünyeli toprakta yetiştirilen buğday bitkisinin biyolojik ve tane verimleri kumlu tın bünyeli toprakta yetiştirilen buğday bitkisine göre sırasıyla %175 ve %192 oranlarında daha fazla olmuştur. Bunun nedeni kil bünyeli toprakta kireç içeriğinin daha düşük, organik madde, yarayışlı P, toplam N ve değişebilir katyon değerlerinin yani bitki besin elementlerinin kumlu tın bünyeli toprağa göre daha yüksek olmasına bağlanabilir. Buğday yetiştiriciliğinde sıcaklık, güneşlenme, toprak nemi gibi abiotik çevre faktörlerinin aynı olması durumunda dahi buğdayda verim artışının edafik yani toprak faktörlerinin etkisi altında olduğu anlaşılmaktadır. Sonuç olarak sürdürülebilir buğday yetiştiriciliğinde toprak analiz sonuçlarının gübreleme programı ve diğer kültürel tedbirlerin uygulanmasında önemli olduğu anlaşılmaktadır.

Kaynakça

  • Abbas B, Topal A, 2016. Farklı kaynaklardan temin edilen ekmeklik buğday genotiplerinin verim ve verim unsurları yönünden değerlendirilmesi. Bahri Dağdaş Bitkisel Araştırma Dergisi, 5(2), 89-98.
  • Blue EN, Mason SC, Sander DH, 1990. Influence of planting date, seeding rate, and phosphorus rate on wheat yield. Agron J. 82(4): 762–768.
  • Budak N, Yildirim, MB, 1995. Harvest index, biomass production and their relationships with grain yield in wheat. Zıraat Fakultesı Dergısı, 32, 25-28.
  • Cakmak I, 2008. Enrichment of cereal grains with zinc: agronomic or genetic biofortification. Plant and soil, 302(1), 1-17.
  • Candemir F, Gülser C, 2010. Effects of different agricultural wastes on some soil quality indexes in clay and loamy sand fields. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 42(1), 13-28.
  • Chen LF, He ZB, Zhao WZ, 2020. Soil structure and nutrient supply drive changes in soil microbial communities during conversion of virgin desert soil to irrigated cropland. Eur. J. Soil Sci. 71, 768–781.
  • Çağlar Ö, Öztürk A, Bulut S, 2006. Bazı ekmeklik buğday çeşitlerinin Erzurum ovası koşullarına adaptasyonu. Atatürk Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 37(1), 1-7.
  • Dou F, Soriano J, Tabien RE, Chen K, 2016. Soil texture and cultivar effects on rice (Oryza sativa, L.) grain yield, yield components and water productivity in three water regimes. PloS one, 11(3), e0150549.
  • Gee GW, Or D, 2002. 2.4 Particle-size analysis. Methods of soil analysis. Part, 4(598), 255-293.
  • Gent MP, 1994. Photosynthate reserves during grain filling in winter wheat. Agronomy Journal, 86(1), 159-167.
  • Grant CA, Flaten DN, Tomasiewicz DJ, Sheppard SC, 2001. The importance of early season phosphorus nutrition. Can J Plant Sci. 81(2): 211–224.
  • Gupta PK, 2003. Major plant nutrient. In: Guptak PK, editor. Soil, Fertilizer and Manure. 2nd Edn ed. Jodhpur: Agrobios India.
  • Gülser C, 2006. Effect of forage cropping treatments on soil structure and relationships with fractal dimensions. Geoderma, 131(1-2), 33-44.
  • Gülser C, Kızılkaya R, 2020. Farklı sulama miktarlarında yetiştirilen buğday bitkisinin su kullanma randımanı ile verimlilik parametreleri arasındaki ilişkiler. Toprak Bilimi ve Bitki Besleme Dergisi 8(1): 46-52.
  • Gülser C, Zharlygasov Z, Kızılkaya R, Kalimov N, İzzet Akça, Zharlygasov Z, 2019. The effect of NPK foliar fertilization on yield and macronutrient content of grain in wheat under Kostanai-Kazakhstan conditions. Eurasian Journal of Soil Science, 8(3), 275-281.
  • İç S, Gülser C, 2012. Effects of rice husk application and planting on some properties of different textured soils. In: Proceedings of the 8th International Soil Science Congress on "Land Degradation and Challenges in Sustainable Soil Management" May 15-17, 2012. Çeşme-İzmir, Turkey, Vol:2, p. 98-102.
  • İç S, Gülser C, Candemir F, Demir Z, 2010. Effects of plant growth on some physical properties of different textured soils. In: Proceedings of the International Soil Science Congress on Management of Natural Resources to Sustain Soil Health and Quality. May 26-28, 2010. Samsun, Turkey. pp. 1072- 1077.
  • Jackson ML, 1958. Soil Chemical Analysis, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ.
  • Kün E, 1996. Serin iklim tahılları (3. Baskı). Ankara Üniv. Zir. Fak. Yay, (1451), 431.
  • Mojid MA, Mousumi KA, Ahmed T, 2020. Performance of wheat in five soils of different textures under freshwater and wastewater irrigation. Agricultural Science, 2(2), p89-p89.
  • Moodie CD, Smith HW, McCreery RA, 1959. Laboratory manual for soil fertility. Washington State College Mimeograph, Washington
  • Mut Z, Aydın N, Bayramoğlu HO, Özcan H, 2007. Bazı ekmeklik buğday (Triticum aestivum L.) genotiplerinin verim ve başlıca kalite özelliklerinin belirlenmesi. Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 22(2): 193-201.
  • N’Dayegamiye A, Tran TS, 2001. Effects of green manures on soil organic matter and wheat yields and N nutrition. Canadian Journal of Soil Science, 81(4), 371-382.
  • Nelson OW, Sommers LE, 1982. Total carbon, organic carbon and organic matter. In A. L. Page, R. H. Miller, and D. R. Keeney (eds.). Methods of Soil Analysis, Part 2. Agronomy 9:539-579.
  • Nyiraneza J, Zebarth BJ, Ziadi N, Sharifi M, Burton DL, Drury CF, Bittman S, Grant CA, 2012. Prediction of soil nitrogen supply in corn production using soil chemical and biological indices. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 76, 925–935.
  • Olsen SR, Sommers LE, 1982. Phosphorus. In: Page et al. A.L. (Eds.), Methods of Soil Analyses: Part 2 Chemical and Microbiological Properties, Am. Soc. Agron., WI, USA, pp. 403–430
  • Özdemir N. 2020. Effects of land and plant managements on soil erodibility in the Turhal District of Tokat, Turkey. Eurasian Journal of Soil Science, 9(4), 362-367.
  • Roncucci N, Nassi O Di Nasso, N, Bonari, E, Ragaglini, G, 2015. Influence of soil texture and crop management on the productivity of miscanthus (Miscanthus× giganteus Greef et Deu.) in the Mediterranean. Gcb Bioenergy, 7(5), 998-1008.
  • Sade B, 1999. Tahıl Islahı (Buğday ve Mısır). Selçuk Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Yayınları No: 31, Konya.
  • Shareef M, Gui DW, Zeng FJ, Waqas M, Ahmed Z, Zhang B, Iqbal H, Xue J,. 2019. Nitrogen leaching, recovery efficiency, and cotton productivity assessments on desert-sandy soil under various application methods. Agric. Water Manag. 223, 105716–105724.
  • Six J, Paustian K, Elloitt ET, Combrink C, 2000. Soil structure and soil organic matter, I. distribution of aggregate size classes and aggregate associated carbon. Soil Sci Soc Am J 64:681–689.
  • Su YZ, Yang R, Liu WJ, Wang XF, 2010. Evolution of Soil Structure and Fertility after Conversion of Native Sandy Desert Soil to Irrigated Cropland in Arid Region, China. Soil Sci. 175, 246–254.
  • Şermet C, 2011. Orta Karadeniz sahil bölümünde yetiştirilebilecek ekmeklik buğday (Triticum aestivum L.) çeşitlerinde verim, verim unsurları ve kalite kriterlerinin belirlenmesi üzerine bir araştırma. Yüksek lisans tezi, Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Tarla Bitkileri Anabilim Dalı, Samsun.
  • Tahir M, Ayub M, Javeed H R, Naeem M, Rehman H, Waseem M, Ali M, 2011. Effect of different organic matter on growth and yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Pak. j. life soc. Sci, 9(1), 63-66.
  • TÜİK, 2019. Turkish Statistical Institute. 2019. Available online: http://tuik.gov.tr/PreTablo.do?alt_id=1001 (accessed on 15 May 2019).
  • Wang L, Li Q, Coulter JA, Xie J, Luo Z, Zhang R, Li L, 2020. Winter wheat yield and water use efficiency response to organic fertilization in northern China: A meta-analysis. Agricultural Water Management, 229, 105934.

The effect of soil properties on yield and yield parameters in wheat

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 2, 159 - 164, 27.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.33409/tbbbd.1211940

Öz

In this study, the change in yield and yield parameters of wheat plants grown in two different soils with sandy loam and clay texture under greenhouse conditions were investigated. The study was arranged in a randomized plot design and was carried out with 3 replications. Biological yield, grain yield, plant height, main stem thickness, spike length, average grain number per spike, average grain weight, average grain width and average grain length yield parameters were determined in harvested plant samples. A statistically significant differences was determined between the yield parameters of wheat plants grown on clay and sandy loam soils, excluding thousand-grain weight, harvest index and grain lenght. The highest values in all parameters were obtained from wheat plant grown in clay textured soil. The biological and grain yields of wheat plant grown in clay textured soil were 175% and 192% higher than wheat plant grown in sandy loam textured soil, respectively. The reason for this can be attributed to the lower lime content, higher organic matter, available P, total N and exchangeable cation values in clay textured soil compared to sandy loamy soil. It is understood that even when abiotic environmental factors such as temperature, sunlight and soil moisture are the same in wheat cultivation, the yield increase in wheat is under the influence of edaphic, that is, soil factors. As a result, it is understood that the results of soil analysis are important in the implementation of the fertilization program and other cultural measures in sustainable wheat cultivation.

Kaynakça

  • Abbas B, Topal A, 2016. Farklı kaynaklardan temin edilen ekmeklik buğday genotiplerinin verim ve verim unsurları yönünden değerlendirilmesi. Bahri Dağdaş Bitkisel Araştırma Dergisi, 5(2), 89-98.
  • Blue EN, Mason SC, Sander DH, 1990. Influence of planting date, seeding rate, and phosphorus rate on wheat yield. Agron J. 82(4): 762–768.
  • Budak N, Yildirim, MB, 1995. Harvest index, biomass production and their relationships with grain yield in wheat. Zıraat Fakultesı Dergısı, 32, 25-28.
  • Cakmak I, 2008. Enrichment of cereal grains with zinc: agronomic or genetic biofortification. Plant and soil, 302(1), 1-17.
  • Candemir F, Gülser C, 2010. Effects of different agricultural wastes on some soil quality indexes in clay and loamy sand fields. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 42(1), 13-28.
  • Chen LF, He ZB, Zhao WZ, 2020. Soil structure and nutrient supply drive changes in soil microbial communities during conversion of virgin desert soil to irrigated cropland. Eur. J. Soil Sci. 71, 768–781.
  • Çağlar Ö, Öztürk A, Bulut S, 2006. Bazı ekmeklik buğday çeşitlerinin Erzurum ovası koşullarına adaptasyonu. Atatürk Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 37(1), 1-7.
  • Dou F, Soriano J, Tabien RE, Chen K, 2016. Soil texture and cultivar effects on rice (Oryza sativa, L.) grain yield, yield components and water productivity in three water regimes. PloS one, 11(3), e0150549.
  • Gee GW, Or D, 2002. 2.4 Particle-size analysis. Methods of soil analysis. Part, 4(598), 255-293.
  • Gent MP, 1994. Photosynthate reserves during grain filling in winter wheat. Agronomy Journal, 86(1), 159-167.
  • Grant CA, Flaten DN, Tomasiewicz DJ, Sheppard SC, 2001. The importance of early season phosphorus nutrition. Can J Plant Sci. 81(2): 211–224.
  • Gupta PK, 2003. Major plant nutrient. In: Guptak PK, editor. Soil, Fertilizer and Manure. 2nd Edn ed. Jodhpur: Agrobios India.
  • Gülser C, 2006. Effect of forage cropping treatments on soil structure and relationships with fractal dimensions. Geoderma, 131(1-2), 33-44.
  • Gülser C, Kızılkaya R, 2020. Farklı sulama miktarlarında yetiştirilen buğday bitkisinin su kullanma randımanı ile verimlilik parametreleri arasındaki ilişkiler. Toprak Bilimi ve Bitki Besleme Dergisi 8(1): 46-52.
  • Gülser C, Zharlygasov Z, Kızılkaya R, Kalimov N, İzzet Akça, Zharlygasov Z, 2019. The effect of NPK foliar fertilization on yield and macronutrient content of grain in wheat under Kostanai-Kazakhstan conditions. Eurasian Journal of Soil Science, 8(3), 275-281.
  • İç S, Gülser C, 2012. Effects of rice husk application and planting on some properties of different textured soils. In: Proceedings of the 8th International Soil Science Congress on "Land Degradation and Challenges in Sustainable Soil Management" May 15-17, 2012. Çeşme-İzmir, Turkey, Vol:2, p. 98-102.
  • İç S, Gülser C, Candemir F, Demir Z, 2010. Effects of plant growth on some physical properties of different textured soils. In: Proceedings of the International Soil Science Congress on Management of Natural Resources to Sustain Soil Health and Quality. May 26-28, 2010. Samsun, Turkey. pp. 1072- 1077.
  • Jackson ML, 1958. Soil Chemical Analysis, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ.
  • Kün E, 1996. Serin iklim tahılları (3. Baskı). Ankara Üniv. Zir. Fak. Yay, (1451), 431.
  • Mojid MA, Mousumi KA, Ahmed T, 2020. Performance of wheat in five soils of different textures under freshwater and wastewater irrigation. Agricultural Science, 2(2), p89-p89.
  • Moodie CD, Smith HW, McCreery RA, 1959. Laboratory manual for soil fertility. Washington State College Mimeograph, Washington
  • Mut Z, Aydın N, Bayramoğlu HO, Özcan H, 2007. Bazı ekmeklik buğday (Triticum aestivum L.) genotiplerinin verim ve başlıca kalite özelliklerinin belirlenmesi. Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 22(2): 193-201.
  • N’Dayegamiye A, Tran TS, 2001. Effects of green manures on soil organic matter and wheat yields and N nutrition. Canadian Journal of Soil Science, 81(4), 371-382.
  • Nelson OW, Sommers LE, 1982. Total carbon, organic carbon and organic matter. In A. L. Page, R. H. Miller, and D. R. Keeney (eds.). Methods of Soil Analysis, Part 2. Agronomy 9:539-579.
  • Nyiraneza J, Zebarth BJ, Ziadi N, Sharifi M, Burton DL, Drury CF, Bittman S, Grant CA, 2012. Prediction of soil nitrogen supply in corn production using soil chemical and biological indices. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 76, 925–935.
  • Olsen SR, Sommers LE, 1982. Phosphorus. In: Page et al. A.L. (Eds.), Methods of Soil Analyses: Part 2 Chemical and Microbiological Properties, Am. Soc. Agron., WI, USA, pp. 403–430
  • Özdemir N. 2020. Effects of land and plant managements on soil erodibility in the Turhal District of Tokat, Turkey. Eurasian Journal of Soil Science, 9(4), 362-367.
  • Roncucci N, Nassi O Di Nasso, N, Bonari, E, Ragaglini, G, 2015. Influence of soil texture and crop management on the productivity of miscanthus (Miscanthus× giganteus Greef et Deu.) in the Mediterranean. Gcb Bioenergy, 7(5), 998-1008.
  • Sade B, 1999. Tahıl Islahı (Buğday ve Mısır). Selçuk Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Yayınları No: 31, Konya.
  • Shareef M, Gui DW, Zeng FJ, Waqas M, Ahmed Z, Zhang B, Iqbal H, Xue J,. 2019. Nitrogen leaching, recovery efficiency, and cotton productivity assessments on desert-sandy soil under various application methods. Agric. Water Manag. 223, 105716–105724.
  • Six J, Paustian K, Elloitt ET, Combrink C, 2000. Soil structure and soil organic matter, I. distribution of aggregate size classes and aggregate associated carbon. Soil Sci Soc Am J 64:681–689.
  • Su YZ, Yang R, Liu WJ, Wang XF, 2010. Evolution of Soil Structure and Fertility after Conversion of Native Sandy Desert Soil to Irrigated Cropland in Arid Region, China. Soil Sci. 175, 246–254.
  • Şermet C, 2011. Orta Karadeniz sahil bölümünde yetiştirilebilecek ekmeklik buğday (Triticum aestivum L.) çeşitlerinde verim, verim unsurları ve kalite kriterlerinin belirlenmesi üzerine bir araştırma. Yüksek lisans tezi, Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Tarla Bitkileri Anabilim Dalı, Samsun.
  • Tahir M, Ayub M, Javeed H R, Naeem M, Rehman H, Waseem M, Ali M, 2011. Effect of different organic matter on growth and yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Pak. j. life soc. Sci, 9(1), 63-66.
  • TÜİK, 2019. Turkish Statistical Institute. 2019. Available online: http://tuik.gov.tr/PreTablo.do?alt_id=1001 (accessed on 15 May 2019).
  • Wang L, Li Q, Coulter JA, Xie J, Luo Z, Zhang R, Li L, 2020. Winter wheat yield and water use efficiency response to organic fertilization in northern China: A meta-analysis. Agricultural Water Management, 229, 105934.
Toplam 36 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Ziraat Mühendisliği
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Salih Demirkaya 0000-0002-7374-0160

Elif Öztürk 0000-0001-9723-6092

Yayımlanma Tarihi 27 Aralık 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022 Cilt: 10 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Demirkaya, S., & Öztürk, E. (2022). Buğdayda verim ve verim parametrelerine toprak özelliklerinin etkisi. Toprak Bilimi Ve Bitki Besleme Dergisi, 10(2), 159-164. https://doi.org/10.33409/tbbbd.1211940
AMA Demirkaya S, Öztürk E. Buğdayda verim ve verim parametrelerine toprak özelliklerinin etkisi. tbbbd. Aralık 2022;10(2):159-164. doi:10.33409/tbbbd.1211940
Chicago Demirkaya, Salih, ve Elif Öztürk. “Buğdayda Verim Ve Verim Parametrelerine Toprak özelliklerinin Etkisi”. Toprak Bilimi Ve Bitki Besleme Dergisi 10, sy. 2 (Aralık 2022): 159-64. https://doi.org/10.33409/tbbbd.1211940.
EndNote Demirkaya S, Öztürk E (01 Aralık 2022) Buğdayda verim ve verim parametrelerine toprak özelliklerinin etkisi. Toprak Bilimi ve Bitki Besleme Dergisi 10 2 159–164.
IEEE S. Demirkaya ve E. Öztürk, “Buğdayda verim ve verim parametrelerine toprak özelliklerinin etkisi”, tbbbd, c. 10, sy. 2, ss. 159–164, 2022, doi: 10.33409/tbbbd.1211940.
ISNAD Demirkaya, Salih - Öztürk, Elif. “Buğdayda Verim Ve Verim Parametrelerine Toprak özelliklerinin Etkisi”. Toprak Bilimi ve Bitki Besleme Dergisi 10/2 (Aralık 2022), 159-164. https://doi.org/10.33409/tbbbd.1211940.
JAMA Demirkaya S, Öztürk E. Buğdayda verim ve verim parametrelerine toprak özelliklerinin etkisi. tbbbd. 2022;10:159–164.
MLA Demirkaya, Salih ve Elif Öztürk. “Buğdayda Verim Ve Verim Parametrelerine Toprak özelliklerinin Etkisi”. Toprak Bilimi Ve Bitki Besleme Dergisi, c. 10, sy. 2, 2022, ss. 159-64, doi:10.33409/tbbbd.1211940.
Vancouver Demirkaya S, Öztürk E. Buğdayda verim ve verim parametrelerine toprak özelliklerinin etkisi. tbbbd. 2022;10(2):159-64.