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YAŞLILARDA SARKOPENİ VE MALNÜTRİSYON ÖNEMLİ BİR SORUN MUDUR?

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 1, 117 - 136, 29.02.2024

Öz

Yaşlanmanın son basamağı olan yaşlılık beraberinde pek çok sağlık sorunlarını gündeme getirmektedir. Geriatrik sendrom olan sarkopeni ve malnütrisyon yaşlı bireylerde önemli morbidite ve mortalite nedenlerindendir. Sarkopeni ileri yaşlarda ortaya çıkan yaşa bağlı bir hastalık olmakla birlikte malnütrisyon, fiziksel aktivitede azlık, enfeksiyon ve komorbititeler nedenli de olabilmektedir. Yaşla birlikte ortaya çıkan çiğneme problemleri, yalnızlık, tat ve koku duyusundaki değişiklikler, yaşlıların günlük besin tüketimlerini olumsuz etkileyerek malnütrisyona sebep olabilmektedir. Sıklıkla beraber görülen bu iki hastalığın teşhis ve tedavisi önem arz etmektedir. Teşhisin gecikmesi hastaneye yatışları ve hastanede kalış sürelerini artırmaktadır. Yaşlı popülasyonun artışı düşünüldüğü zaman yaşlılıkla ilişkili bu hastalıkların önlenmesi ve tedavisi sağlıklı yaşlanmaya yardımcı olacaktır. Bu derleme çalışma yaşlılarda yaşam kalitesini etkileyen malnütrisyon ve sarkopeninin irdelenmesi amacıyla planlanmış ve yürütülmüştür.

Kaynakça

  • Amarya, S., Singh, K., ve Sabharwal, M. (2015). Changes during aging and their association with malnutrition. Journal of Clinical Gerontology and Geriatrics, 6(3), 78-84.
  • Anwar, M., Mallick, S., Paliwal, D., Shekhar, S., Panda, S. K., Dey, S., ve Dey, A. B. (2021). Impact of physical activity on mitochondrial enzymes, muscle stem cell and anti-oxidant protein Sestrins in Sarcopenic mice. Experimental Gerontology, 150, 111358.
  • Aslan, M., ve Hocaoğlu, Ç. (2017). Yaşlanma ve yaşlanma dönemiyle ilişkili psikiyatrik sorunlar. Düzce Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 7(1), 53-62.
  • Atik Altınok, Y. H. (2020). Sarc-F Ölceğine Antropometrik Ölçümlerin Eklenmesi İle Sarkopeni Değerlendirme. Doktora Tezi. Ege Universitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü. İzmir.
  • Baek, M.-H., ve Heo, Y.-R. (2015). Evaluation of the efficacy of nutritional screening tools to predict malnutrition in the elderly at a geriatric care hospital. Nutrition research and practice, 9(6), 637-643.
  • Batsis, J. A., Mackenzie, T. A., Lopez-Jimenez, F., ve Bartels, S. J. (2015). Sarcopenia, sarcopenic obesity, and functional impairments in older adults: National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys 1999-2004. Nutrition research, 35(12), 1031-1039.
  • Baysal, A. (2017). "Beslenme". Ankara. Hatipoğlu Yayınları.
  • Baz, S., ve Ardahan, M. (2016). Yaşlılarda malnütrisyon ve hemşirelik yaklaşımları. Balıkesir Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 5(3), 147-153.
  • Beaudart, C., Rizzoli, R., Bruyère, O., Reginster, J.-Y., ve Biver, E. (2014). Sarcopenia: burden and challenges for public health. Archives of public health, 72(1), 1-8.
  • Beaudart, C., Sanchez-Rodriguez, D., Locquet, M., Reginster, J.-Y., Lengelé, L., ve Bruyère, O. (2019). Malnutrition as a strong predictor of the onset of sarcopenia. Nutrients, 11(12), 2883.
  • Bilir, N. (2018). "Yaşlılık Tanımı, Yaşlılık Kavramı, Epidemiyolojik Özellikler". İçinde: A. Ertürk, A. Bahadır ve F. Koşar (Ed.). Yaşlılık ve Solunum Hastalıkları (13-31). TÜSAD.
  • Blanquet, M., Ducher, G., Sauvage, A., Dadet, S., Guiyedi, V., Farigon, N., Guiguet-Auclair, C., Berland, P., Bohatier, J., ve Boirie, Y. (2022). Handgrip strength as a valid practical tool to screen early-onset sarcopenia in acute care wards: a first evaluation. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 76(1), 56-64.
  • Bollwein, J., Volkert, D., Diekmann, R., Kaiser, M., Uter, W., Vidal, K., Sieber, C., ve Bauer, J. (2013). Nutritional status according to the mini nutritional assessment (MNA®) and frailty in community dwelling older persons: a close relationship. The journal of nutrition, health ve aging, 17, 351-356.
  • Boulos, C., Salameh, P., & Barberger-Gateau, P. (2016). Malnutrition and frailty in community dwelling older adults living in a rural setting. Clinical nutrition, 35(1), 138-143.
  • Cascio, B. L., ve Logomarsino, J. V. (2018). Evaluating the effectiveness of five screening tools used to identify malnutrition risk in hospitalized elderly: A systematic review. Geriatric Nursing, 39(1), 95-102.
  • Cederholm, T., Barazzoni, R., Austin, P., Ballmer, P., Biolo, G., Bischoff, S. C., Compher, C., Correia, I., Higashiguchi, T., ve Holst, M. (2017). ESPEN guidelines on definitions and terminology of clinical nutrition. Clinical nutrition, 36(1), 49-64.
  • Cederholm, T., Bosaeus, I., Barazzoni, R., Bauer, J., Van Gossum, A., Klek, S., Muscaritoli, M., Nyulasi, I., Ockenga, J., ve Schneider, S. (2015). Diagnostic criteria for malnutrition–an ESPEN consensus statement. Clinical nutrition, 34(3), 335-340.
  • Cederholm, T., Jensen, G., Correia, M., Gonzalez, M. C., Fukushima, R., Higashiguchi, T., Baptista, G., Barazzoni, R., Blaauw, R., ve Coats, A. (2019). GLIM criteria for the diagnosis of malnutrition–a consensus report from the global clinical nutrition community. Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle, 10(1), 207-217.
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  • Cerri, A. P., Bellelli, G., Mazzone, A., Pittella, F., Landi, F., Zambon, A., ve Annoni, G. (2015). Sarcopenia and malnutrition in acutely ill hospitalized elderly: Prevalence and outcomes. Clinical nutrition, 34(4), 745-751.
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IS SARCOPENIA OR MALNUTRITION AN IMPORTANT PROBLEM IN THE ELDERLY?

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 1, 117 - 136, 29.02.2024

Öz

Old age, which is the last step of aging, brings to mind the health problems that can be seen. Sarcopenia and malnutrition, which are geriatric syndromes, are important causes of morbidity and mortality in elderly individuals. Although sarcopenia is an age-related disease that occurs in advanced ages, it can also be caused by malnutrition, low physical activity, infection and comorbidities. Chewing problems that occur with age, loneliness, changes in the sense of taste and smell, negatively affect the food consumption of the elderly and cause malnutrition. Diagnosis and treatment of these two diseases, which are frequently seen together, are important. Delayed diagnosis increases hospitalizations and hospital stays. Considering the increase in the elderly population, the prevention and treatment of these diseases related to old age will help healthy aging. This review study was planned and conducted to examine malnutrition and sarcopenia, which affect quality of life in the elderly.

Kaynakça

  • Amarya, S., Singh, K., ve Sabharwal, M. (2015). Changes during aging and their association with malnutrition. Journal of Clinical Gerontology and Geriatrics, 6(3), 78-84.
  • Anwar, M., Mallick, S., Paliwal, D., Shekhar, S., Panda, S. K., Dey, S., ve Dey, A. B. (2021). Impact of physical activity on mitochondrial enzymes, muscle stem cell and anti-oxidant protein Sestrins in Sarcopenic mice. Experimental Gerontology, 150, 111358.
  • Aslan, M., ve Hocaoğlu, Ç. (2017). Yaşlanma ve yaşlanma dönemiyle ilişkili psikiyatrik sorunlar. Düzce Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 7(1), 53-62.
  • Atik Altınok, Y. H. (2020). Sarc-F Ölceğine Antropometrik Ölçümlerin Eklenmesi İle Sarkopeni Değerlendirme. Doktora Tezi. Ege Universitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü. İzmir.
  • Baek, M.-H., ve Heo, Y.-R. (2015). Evaluation of the efficacy of nutritional screening tools to predict malnutrition in the elderly at a geriatric care hospital. Nutrition research and practice, 9(6), 637-643.
  • Batsis, J. A., Mackenzie, T. A., Lopez-Jimenez, F., ve Bartels, S. J. (2015). Sarcopenia, sarcopenic obesity, and functional impairments in older adults: National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys 1999-2004. Nutrition research, 35(12), 1031-1039.
  • Baysal, A. (2017). "Beslenme". Ankara. Hatipoğlu Yayınları.
  • Baz, S., ve Ardahan, M. (2016). Yaşlılarda malnütrisyon ve hemşirelik yaklaşımları. Balıkesir Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 5(3), 147-153.
  • Beaudart, C., Rizzoli, R., Bruyère, O., Reginster, J.-Y., ve Biver, E. (2014). Sarcopenia: burden and challenges for public health. Archives of public health, 72(1), 1-8.
  • Beaudart, C., Sanchez-Rodriguez, D., Locquet, M., Reginster, J.-Y., Lengelé, L., ve Bruyère, O. (2019). Malnutrition as a strong predictor of the onset of sarcopenia. Nutrients, 11(12), 2883.
  • Bilir, N. (2018). "Yaşlılık Tanımı, Yaşlılık Kavramı, Epidemiyolojik Özellikler". İçinde: A. Ertürk, A. Bahadır ve F. Koşar (Ed.). Yaşlılık ve Solunum Hastalıkları (13-31). TÜSAD.
  • Blanquet, M., Ducher, G., Sauvage, A., Dadet, S., Guiyedi, V., Farigon, N., Guiguet-Auclair, C., Berland, P., Bohatier, J., ve Boirie, Y. (2022). Handgrip strength as a valid practical tool to screen early-onset sarcopenia in acute care wards: a first evaluation. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 76(1), 56-64.
  • Bollwein, J., Volkert, D., Diekmann, R., Kaiser, M., Uter, W., Vidal, K., Sieber, C., ve Bauer, J. (2013). Nutritional status according to the mini nutritional assessment (MNA®) and frailty in community dwelling older persons: a close relationship. The journal of nutrition, health ve aging, 17, 351-356.
  • Boulos, C., Salameh, P., & Barberger-Gateau, P. (2016). Malnutrition and frailty in community dwelling older adults living in a rural setting. Clinical nutrition, 35(1), 138-143.
  • Cascio, B. L., ve Logomarsino, J. V. (2018). Evaluating the effectiveness of five screening tools used to identify malnutrition risk in hospitalized elderly: A systematic review. Geriatric Nursing, 39(1), 95-102.
  • Cederholm, T., Barazzoni, R., Austin, P., Ballmer, P., Biolo, G., Bischoff, S. C., Compher, C., Correia, I., Higashiguchi, T., ve Holst, M. (2017). ESPEN guidelines on definitions and terminology of clinical nutrition. Clinical nutrition, 36(1), 49-64.
  • Cederholm, T., Bosaeus, I., Barazzoni, R., Bauer, J., Van Gossum, A., Klek, S., Muscaritoli, M., Nyulasi, I., Ockenga, J., ve Schneider, S. (2015). Diagnostic criteria for malnutrition–an ESPEN consensus statement. Clinical nutrition, 34(3), 335-340.
  • Cederholm, T., Jensen, G., Correia, M., Gonzalez, M. C., Fukushima, R., Higashiguchi, T., Baptista, G., Barazzoni, R., Blaauw, R., ve Coats, A. (2019). GLIM criteria for the diagnosis of malnutrition–a consensus report from the global clinical nutrition community. Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle, 10(1), 207-217.
  • Cereda, E., Pedrolli, C., Klersy, C., Bonardi, C., Quarleri, L., Cappello, S., Turri, A., Rondanelli, M., ve Caccialanza, R. (2016). Nutritional status in older persons according to healthcare setting: A systematic review and meta-analysis of prevalence data using MNA®. Clinical nutrition, 35(6), 1282-1290.
  • Cerri, A. P., Bellelli, G., Mazzone, A., Pittella, F., Landi, F., Zambon, A., ve Annoni, G. (2015). Sarcopenia and malnutrition in acutely ill hospitalized elderly: Prevalence and outcomes. Clinical nutrition, 34(4), 745-751.
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  • Evans, W. J., Morley, J. E., Argilés, J., Bales, C., Baracos, V., Guttridge, D., Jatoi, A., Kalantar-Zadeh, K., Lochs, H., ve Mantovani, G. (2008). Cachexia: a new definition. Clinical nutrition, 27(6), 793-799.
  • Ferrer, M., Anthony, T. G., Ayres, J. S., Biffi, G., Brown, J. C., Caan, B. J., Feliciano, E. M. C., Coll, A. P., Dunne, R. F., ve Goncalves, M. D. (2023). Cachexia: A systemic consequence of progressive, unresolved disease. Cell, 186(9), 1824-1845.
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  • Hsu, K.-J., Liao, C.-D., Tsai, M.-W., ve Chen, C.-N. (2019). Effects of exercise and nutritional intervention on body composition, metabolic health, and physical performance in adults with sarcopenic obesity: a meta-analysis. Nutrients, 11(9), 2163.
  • Hu, X., Zhang, L., Wang, H., Hao, Q., Dong, B., ve Yang, M. (2017). Malnutrition-sarcopenia syndrome predicts mortality in hospitalized older patients. Scientific reports, 7(1), 1-9.
  • Jones, A. J., Campiti, V. J., Alwani, M., Novinger, L. J., Tucker, B. J., Bonetto, A., Yesensky, J. A., Sim, M. W., Moore, M. G., ve Mantravadi, A. V. (2021). Sarcopenia is associated with blood transfusions in head and neck cancer free flap surgery. Laryngoscope Investigative Otolaryngology, 6(2), 200-210.
  • Kamo, T., Ishii, H., Suzuki, K., ve Nishida, Y. (2018). Prevalence of sarcopenia and its association with activities of daily living among japanese nursing home residents. Geriatric Nursing, 39(5), 528-533.
  • Keskin, H. (2016). Toplumda Yaşayan Yaşlılarda Sarkopeni Sıklığı ve Risk Etmenleri. Doktora Tezi. Ege Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü. İzmir.
  • Kojima, G., Iliffe, S., Jivraj, S., & Walters, K. (2020). Fruit and vegetable consumption and incident prefrailty and frailty in community-dwelling older people: The English Longitudinal Study of Ageing. Nutrients, 12(12), 3882.
  • Lana, A., Rodriguez‐Artalejo, F., & Lopez‐Garcia, E. (2015). Dairy consumption and risk of frailty in older adults: a prospective cohort study. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 63(9), 1852-1860.
  • Landi, F., Calvani, R., Cesari, M., Tosato, M., Martone, A. M., Ortolani, E., Savera, G., Salini, S., Sisto, A., ve Picca, A. (2018). Sarcopenia: an overview on current definitions, diagnosis and treatment. Current Protein and Peptide Science, 19(7), 633-638.
  • Landi, F., Camprubi-Robles, M., Bear, D., Cederholm, T., Malafarina, V., Welch, A., ve Cruz-Jentoft, A. (2019). Muscle loss: The new malnutrition challenge in clinical practice. Clinical nutrition, 38(5), 2113-2120.
  • Li, C. W., Yu, K., Shyh‐Chang, N., Li, G. X., Yu, S. L., Liu, H. J., Yang, B., Li, Z. Y., Zhao, Y. J., ve Xu, L. Y. (2021). Sterol metabolism and protein metabolism are differentially correlated with sarcopenia in Asian Chinese men and women. Cell Proliferation, 54(4), e12989.
  • Liao, C.-D., Lee, P.-H., Hsiao, D.-J., Huang, S.-W., Tsauo, J.-Y., Chen, H.-C., & Liou, T.-H. (2018). Effects of protein supplementation combined with exercise intervention on frailty indices, body composition, and physical function in frail older adults. Nutrients, 10(12), 1916.
  • Lorenzo-López, L., Maseda, A., de Labra, C., Regueiro-Folgueira, L., Rodríguez-Villamil, J. L., & Millán-Calenti, J. C. (2017). Nutritional determinants of frailty in older adults: A systematic review. BMC geriatrics, 17, 1-13.
  • Magnuszewski, L., Swietek, M., Kasiukiewicz, A., Kuprjanowicz, B., Baczek, J., ve Beata Wojszel, Z. (2020). Health, functional and nutritional determinants of falls experienced in the previous year—a cross-sectional study in a geriatric ward. International journal of environmental research and public health, 17(13), 4768.
  • Mangels, A. R. (2018). CE: malnutrition in older adults. AJN The American Journal of Nursing, 118(3), 34-41.
  • Marty, E., Liu, Y., Samuel, A., Or, O., ve Lane, J. (2017). A review of sarcopenia: Enhancing awareness of an increasingly prevalent disease. Bone, 105, 276-286.
  • Merdol, T. (2014). "Beslenmeye Bağlı Kronik Hastalıkların Önlenmesinde Yeterli, Dengeli ve Sağlıklı Beslenmenin Önemi ve Temel İlkeler". İçinde: E. T. Alphan (Ed.). Hastalıklarda Beslenme Tedavisi (3-31). Ankara, Hatipoğlu Yayınları.
  • Mitchell, M. A., Duerksen, D. R., ve Rahman, A. (2014). Are housestaff identifying malnourished hospitalized medicine patients? Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, 39(10), 1192-1195.
  • Murphy, C. H., Flanagan, E. M., De Vito, G., Susta, D., Mitchelson, K. A., de Marco Castro, E., Senden, J. M., Goessens, J. P., Mikłosz, A., ve Chabowski, A. (2021). Does supplementation with leucine-enriched protein alone and in combination with fish-oil-derived n–3 PUFA affect muscle mass, strength, physical performance, and muscle protein synthesis in well-nourished older adults? A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. The American journal of clinical nutrition, 113(6), 1411-1427.
  • Muscaritoli, M., Imbimbo, G., Jager-Wittenaar, H., Cederholm, T., Rothenberg, E., di Girolamo, F. G., Amabile, M. I., Sealy, M., Schneider, S., ve Barazzoni, R. (2023). Disease-related malnutrition with inflammation and cachexia. Clinical nutrition, 42(8), 1475-1479.
  • Ni Lochlainn, M., Cox, N. J., Wilson, T., Hayhoe, R. P., Ramsay, S. E., Granic, A., Isanejad, M., Roberts, H. C., Wilson, D., & Welch, C. (2021). Nutrition and frailty: opportunities for prevention and treatment. Nutrients, 13(7), 2349.
  • Norman, K., Haß, U., ve Pirlich, M. (2021). Malnutrition in older adults—recent advances and remaining challenges. Nutrients, 13(8), 2764.
  • Ntanasi, E., Yannakoulia, M., Kosmidis, M.-H., Anastasiou, C. A., Dardiotis, E., Hadjigeorgiou, G., Sakka, P., & Scarmeas, N. (2018). Adherence to Mediterranean diet and frailty. Journal of the American Medical Directors Association, 19(4), 315-322. e312.
  • Otsuka, R., Tange, C., Tomida, M., Nishita, Y., Kato, Y., Yuki, A., Ando, F., Shimokata, H., & Arai, H. (2019). Dietary factors associated with the development of physical frailty in community-dwelling older adults. The journal of nutrition, health & aging, 23, 89-95.
  • Pekcan, G. (2018). "Beslenme durumunun saptanması". İçinde: A. Baysal ve ark. (Ed.). Diyet El Kitabı (67-142). Ankara. Hatiboğlu Yayınevi.
  • Pelà, G., Tagliaferri, S., Perrino, F., Righelli, I., Montanari, R., Longobucco, Y., Salvi, M., Calvani, R., Cesari, M., ve Cherubini, A. (2021). Determinants of cardiac structure in frail and sarcopenic elderly adults. Experimental Gerontology, 150, 111351.
  • Rahman, A., Jafry, S., Jeejeebhoy, K., Nagpal, A. D., Pisani, B., ve Agarwala, R. (2016). Malnutrition and cachexia in heart failure. Journal of parenteral and enteral nutrition, 40(4), 475-486.
  • Roberts, S. B., Silver, R. E., Das, S. K., Fielding, R. A., Gilhooly, C. H., Jacques, P. F., Kelly, J. M., Mason, J. B., McKeown, N. M., ve Reardon, M. A. (2021). Healthy aging—nutrition matters: start early and screen often. Advances in Nutrition, 12(4), 1438-1448.
  • Rosenberg, I. H. (1997). Sarcopenia: origins and clinical relevance. The Journal of nutrition, 127(5), 990S-991S.
  • Saka, B., Kaya, O., Ozturk, G. B., Erten, N., ve Karan, M. A. (2010). Malnutrition in the elderly and its relationship with other geriatric syndromes. Clinical nutrition, 29(6), 745-748.
  • Savaş, S. (2017). "İleri Yaşta Kas Erimesi El Kitabı". İzmir. İzmir Büyükşehir Belediyesi desteği ile Ege Üniversitesi Geriatri Bilim Dalı, Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi, Geriatri Bilim Dalı, Ege Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Fakültesi, Akdeniz Üniversitesi Gerontoloji Bölümü Ortak Yayınları.
  • Shimizu, A., Fujishima, I., Maeda, K., Wakabayashi, H., Nishioka, S., Ohno, T., Nomoto, A., Shigematsu, T., Kayashita, J., ve on Sarcopenic, T. J. W. G. (2021). Effect of low tongue pressure on nutritional status and improvement of swallowing function in sarcopenic dysphagia. Nutrition, 90, 111295.
  • Sieber, C. C. (2019). Malnutrition and sarcopenia. Aging clinical and experimental research, 31(6), 793-798. Sökmen, Ü. N., ve Dişcigil, G. (2017). Yaşlılıkta sarkopeni. The Journal of Turkish Family Physician, 8(2), 49-54.
  • Şahin, S. K. (2020). Basınç yarası ve malnütrisyon. İnönü Üniversitesi Sağlık Hizmetleri Meslek Yüksek Okulu Dergisi, 8(3), 923-945.
  • Tao, J., Ke, Y.-Y., Zhang, Z., Zhang, Y., Wang, Y.-Y., Ren, C.-X., Xu, J., Zhu, Y.-X., Zhang, X.-L., ve Zhang, X.-Y. (2020). Comparison of the value of malnutrition and sarcopenia for predicting mortality in hospitalized old adults over 80 years. Experimental Gerontology, 138, 111007.
  • Taylor, C. (2019). Dysphagia And Malnutrition İn Older Adults. British Journal of Community Nursing, 24(7), 26-28.
  • Tournadre, A., Vial, G., Capel, F., Soubrier, M., ve Boirie, Y. (2019). Sarcopenia. Joint bone spine, 86(3), 309-314. Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu. Erişim adresi: https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Istatistiklerle-Yaslilar-2022-49667. Erişim Tarihi: 19.03.2023.
  • Wakabayashi, H., ve Sakuma, K. (2014). Rehabilitation nutrition for sarcopenia with disability: a combination of both rehabilitation and nutrition care management. Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle, 5(4), 269-277.
  • Wannamethee, S. G., ve Atkins, J. L. (2015). Muscle loss and obesity: the health implications of sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, 74(4), 405-412.
  • World Health Organization (WHO). "Ageing: Healthy ageing and functional ability". Erişim adresi: https://www.who.int/news-room/questions-and-answers/item/healthy-ageing-and-functional-ability. Erişim tarihi: 19.03.2023.
  • Zengin, A. (2019). Huzurevinde Yaşayan Yaşlılarda Sarkopeni Ve Mini Nütrisyonel Araştırma Tarama Testi İle Malnütrisyon Riskinin Belirlenmesi.
  • Zhao, Y., Cholewa, J., Shang, H., Yang, Y., Ding, X., Wang, Q., Su, Q., Zanchi, N. E., ve Xia, Z. (2021). Advances in the role of leucine-sensing in the regulation of protein synthesis in aging skeletal muscle. Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology, 9, 646482.
Toplam 71 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Beslenme ve Diyetetik
Bölüm Derleme Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Merve Nur Aslan 0000-0001-7009-7176

Nevin Şanlıer 0000-0001-5937-0485

Yayımlanma Tarihi 29 Şubat 2024
Gönderilme Tarihi 21 Mayıs 2023
Kabul Tarihi 4 Ekim 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024 Cilt: 5 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Aslan, M. N., & Şanlıer, N. (2024). YAŞLILARDA SARKOPENİ VE MALNÜTRİSYON ÖNEMLİ BİR SORUN MUDUR?. Selçuk Sağlık Dergisi, 5(1), 117-136.