Araştırma Makalesi
BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

The Relation between Sensation Seeking of Adventure Tourists and Activity Preferences: The Case of Turkey

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 18 Sayı: 1, 141 - 165, 25.04.2021
https://doi.org/10.24010/soid.813725

Öz

Adventure tourists are tourists, whose behaviors are constantly changing as part of the adventure tourism experience and are constantly seeking for more risky travel experiences. The relation between adventure tourist’s sensation seeking with their activity preferences which are paragliding, scuba diving, surfing, rafting, canoeing, camping, skiing/snowboarding, rock climbing, trekking and tour bike in Turkey were examined. Thus, sensation seeking, level of arousal, recreational behavior characteristics and demographic characteristics of adventure tourists participating in adventure activities were revealed. Quantitative research method was preferred in the research, and the data were collected by survey technique. 1246 data were obtained from adventure tourists who were selected by convenience sampling method using sensation seeking scale. As a result, it has been revealed that adventure tourists differ in sensation seeking according to their preferred activities, recreational behavior characteristics, and demographic characteristics.

Kaynakça

  • Adventure Travel Trade Association (2018). Adventure tourism development index. The 2018 report. http://www.adventuretravel.biz Erişim Tarihi:02.09.2019.
  • Akgündüz, Y. ve Kızılcalıoğlu, G. (2016). Likya Yolu’nu yürüyen turistlerin seyahat motivasyonları ve memnuniyet düzeyleri. Journal of Management & Economics, 23(3).
  • Akoğlan Kozak, M. ve Bahçe, S. (2016). Özel ilgi turizmi. Ankara: Detay Yayıncılık.
  • Apter, M. J. (1976). Some data inconsistent with the optimal arousal theory of motivation. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 43(3), 1209-1210.
  • Arslan Ayazlar, R. (2015). Akış deneyiminin yamaç paraşütü deneyim doyumu ve yaşam doyumuna etkileri. (Doktora Tezi).
  • Berlyne, D. E. (1960). Conflict, arousal and curiosity. New York: McGraw-Hill.
  • Buckley, R. (2012). Rush as a key motivation in skilled adventure tourism: resolving the risk recreation paradox. Tourism Management, 33(4), 961-970.
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş., Çakmak, E., Akgün, Ö., Karadeniz, Ş. ve Demirel, F. (2014). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri. Ankara: Pegem Yayınevi.
  • Caber, M. ve Albayrak, T. (2016). Push or pull? Identifying rock climbing tourists' motivations. Toursim Management, 55, 74-84.
  • Chen, S. L., Ou, S. J. and Lin, L. Z. (2001). Application in recreation and leisure. Taipei City, Taiwan: Shin Hsin University. Creswell, J. W. (2013). Araştırma deseni: Nicel, nitel ve karma yöntem yaklaşımları. (S. Demir, Çev). Nebraska-ABD: SAGE Publications.
  • Csikszentmihalyi, M. (1990). Flow: The psychology of optimal experience. New York: Harper Perennial.
  • Cüceloğlu, D. (2018). İnsan ve davranışı-psikolojinin temel kavramları (36. Basım). İstanbul: Remzi Kitabevi.
  • Ewert, A. W. and Hollenhurst, S. (1989). Testing the adventure model: empirical support for a model of risk recreation participation. Journal of Leisure Research, 21, 124-139.
  • Ewert, A. W. and Hollenhorst, S. (1997). Adventure recreation and its implication for wildness. International Journal of Wilderness, 3(2), 21-26.
  • Ewert, A. W., Gilbertson, K., Luo, Y. C. and Voight, A. (2013). Beyond “because it’s there”: Motivations for pursuing adventure recreational activities. Journal of Leisure Research, 45(1), 91-111.
  • Eysenck, H. and Eysenck, S. (1970). The Eysenck Personality Inventory. San Diego: Edits.
  • Fiske, D. W. and Maddi, S. R. (1961). Functions of varied experience. Homewood, Ill.: Dorsey Press.
  • Giddy J. K. and Webb N. L. (2016). The influence of the environment on motivations to participate in adventure tourism: The case of the Tsitsikamma. South African Geographical Journal. 98(2), 351-366.
  • Gilberston, K. and Ewert, A. (2015). Stability of motivations and risk attractiveness: The adventure recreation experience. Risk Management, 17(4), 276-297.
  • Hair, J., Anderson, R., Tatham, R. and Black, W. (2005). Multivariate Data Analysis. NJ: Prentice-Hall.
  • Hsieh, T. C. (2007). Recreational motivation, sensation seeking, and recreational involvement of Taiwan's adventure recreation participants (Doktora Tezi, University of the Incarnate Word).
  • Hebb, D. O. (1955). Drives and the CNS (conceptual nervous system). Psychological Review, 62(4), 243.
  • İl Turizm Müdürlükleri, 2019. http://www.kultur.gov.tr/TR-96683/il-kultur-turizm-mudurlukleri-internet-siteleri.html. Erişim Tarihi:10.02.2019.
  • Jackson, M., White, G. and White, M. (2001). Developing a tourist personality typology. Proceedings of National Research Conference, Australia, 177-184.
  • Jin, X., Xiang, Y., Weber, K. and Liu, Y. (2019). Motivation and involvement in adventure tourism activities: a Chinese tourists' perspective. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 24(11), 1066-1078.
  • Kültür ve Turizm Bakalnlığı. (2019). http://yigm.kulturturizm.gov.tr Erişim Tarihi:24.10.2019
  • Lepp, A. and Gibson, H. (2003). Tourist roles, perceived risk and international tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 30, 606-624.
  • Lepp, A. and Gibson, H. (2008). Sensation seeking and tourism: Tourist role, perception of risk and destination choice. Tourism Management, 29, 740-750
  • Leuba, C. (1955). Toward some integration of learning theories: The concept of optimal stimulation. Psychological Reports, 1(1), 27-33.
  • Lipscombe, N. (1999). The relevance of the peak experience to continued skydiving participation: a qualitative approach to assessing motivations. Leisure Studies, 18, 267-288.
  • Litvin, S. (2008). Sensation seeking and its measurement for tourism research. Journal of Travel Research, 46(4), 440-445
  • Lynch, P. and Dibben, M. (2016). Exploring motivations for adventure recreation events: a New Zealand study. Annals of Leisure Research, 19(1), 80-97.
  • Malkin, M. J. and Rabinowitz, E. (1998). Sensation seeking and high-risk recreation. Parks & Recreation. 33(7), 34-39.
  • Mason, M., Gos, L. and Moretti, A. (2017). Motivations, perceived risk and behavioural intentions in hard adventure tourism. A natural park case study. Sinergie Italian Journal of Management, 34, 181-199
  • Murray, D. M. (2003). Living on the edge: Sensation seeking and extreme sports participation. (Doktora Tezi).
  • Park, S. and Stangl, B. (2020). Augmented reality experiences and sensation seeking. Tourism Management, 77, 104023.
  • Pizam, A., Jeong, G. H., Reichel, A., van Boemmel, H., Lusson, J. M., Steynberg, L. Mason, M. and Montmany, N. (2004). The relationship between risk-taking, sensation-seeking, and the tourist behavior of young adults: A cross-cultural study. Journal of Travel Research, 42(3), 251-260.
  • Plog, S. (1987). Understanding psychographics in tourism research. Travel, tourism and hospitality research. New York: Wiley.
  • Pomfret, G. (2006). Mountaineering adventure tourists: A conceptual framework for research. Tourism Management, 27(1), 113-123.
  • Rainey, D. W., Amunategui, F., Agocs, H. and Larick, J. (1992). Sensation seeking and competitive trait anxiety among college rodeo athletes. Journal of Sport Behavior, 15(4), 307.
  • Sung, H. H. (2004). Classification of adventure travelers: behavior, decision making, and target markets. Journal of Travel Research, 42(4), 343-356.
  • Swarbrooke, J., Beard, S, C., Leckie, S. and Pomfret, G. (2003) Adventure tourism: The new frontier. Oxford: Butterworth Heinemann.
  • Wagner, A. M. and Houlihan, D. D. (1994). Sensation seeking and trait anxiety in hang-glider pilots and golfers. Personality and Individual Differences. 16(6), 975-977.
  • Warburton, N. (2015). Felsefenin kısa tarihi. (G. Ateşoğlu, Çev.) İstanbul: Alfa Felsefe.
  • Weber, K. (2001). Outdoor adventure tourism: A review of research approaches. Annals of Tourism Research, 28(2), 360-377.
  • World Tourism Organization (2019). UNWTO world tourism barometer and statistical annex. UNWTO, Madrid.
  • Tanrısevdi, A. (2009). Türk Özeliİlgi gezginleri sansasyon arama özelliği sergilemekte midir? Ege Academic Review, 9(4): 1313-1340.
  • Trimpop, R., Kerr, J. and Kirkcaldy, B. (1999). Comparing personality constructs of risk-taking behavior. Personality and Individual Differences, 26, 237-254.
  • Zuckerman, M., Eysenck, S. B. ve Eysenck, H. J. (1978). Sensation seeking in England and America: Cross-cultural, age, and sex comparisons. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 46(1), 139.
  • Zuckerman, M. (1979). Sensation seeking (psychology revivals): Beyond the optimal level of arousal. Psychology Press . Zuckerman, M. (1983). Sensation seeking and sports. Personality and Individual Differences, 4(3), 285-292.
  • Zuckerman, M. (1994). Behavioral expressions and biosocial bases of sensation seeking. Cambridge university press.

Macera Turistlerinin Duyusal Arayışları ile Aktivite Tercihleri İlişkisi: Türkiye Örneği

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 18 Sayı: 1, 141 - 165, 25.04.2021
https://doi.org/10.24010/soid.813725

Öz

Macera turistleri, macera turizmi deneyiminin bir parçası olarak, davranışları sürekli değişim gösteren ve daha riskli seyahat deneyimleri için sürekli arayış içinde olan turistlerdir. Türkiye’de macera turistlerinin aktivite tercihleri ile duyusal arayışları arasındaki ilişkinin belirlenmesi amacıyla yapılan araştırmada; yamaç paraşütü, tüplü dalış, sörf, rafting, kano, kamp, kayak/snowboard, kaya tırmanışı, trekking ve tur bisikleti aktivitelerine katılan macera turistleri incelenmiştir. Böylelikle, macera aktivitelerine katılan macera turistlerinin duyusal arayışları, uyarılma düzeyleri, rekreasyonel davranış özellikleri ve demografik özelliklerinin ortaya konması amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmada nicel araştırma yöntemi tercih edilmiş olup, veriler anket tekniği ile toplanmıştır. Duyusal arayış ölçeğinden yararlanılarak, kolayda örnekleme yöntemiyle yapılan araştırma, 1246 katılımcı ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre, macera turistlerinin duyusal arayışlarının, tercih ettikleri aktiviteler, demografik özellikler ve rekreasyonel davranış özelliklerine göre anlamlı farklılıklar tespit edilmiştir.

Kaynakça

  • Adventure Travel Trade Association (2018). Adventure tourism development index. The 2018 report. http://www.adventuretravel.biz Erişim Tarihi:02.09.2019.
  • Akgündüz, Y. ve Kızılcalıoğlu, G. (2016). Likya Yolu’nu yürüyen turistlerin seyahat motivasyonları ve memnuniyet düzeyleri. Journal of Management & Economics, 23(3).
  • Akoğlan Kozak, M. ve Bahçe, S. (2016). Özel ilgi turizmi. Ankara: Detay Yayıncılık.
  • Apter, M. J. (1976). Some data inconsistent with the optimal arousal theory of motivation. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 43(3), 1209-1210.
  • Arslan Ayazlar, R. (2015). Akış deneyiminin yamaç paraşütü deneyim doyumu ve yaşam doyumuna etkileri. (Doktora Tezi).
  • Berlyne, D. E. (1960). Conflict, arousal and curiosity. New York: McGraw-Hill.
  • Buckley, R. (2012). Rush as a key motivation in skilled adventure tourism: resolving the risk recreation paradox. Tourism Management, 33(4), 961-970.
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş., Çakmak, E., Akgün, Ö., Karadeniz, Ş. ve Demirel, F. (2014). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri. Ankara: Pegem Yayınevi.
  • Caber, M. ve Albayrak, T. (2016). Push or pull? Identifying rock climbing tourists' motivations. Toursim Management, 55, 74-84.
  • Chen, S. L., Ou, S. J. and Lin, L. Z. (2001). Application in recreation and leisure. Taipei City, Taiwan: Shin Hsin University. Creswell, J. W. (2013). Araştırma deseni: Nicel, nitel ve karma yöntem yaklaşımları. (S. Demir, Çev). Nebraska-ABD: SAGE Publications.
  • Csikszentmihalyi, M. (1990). Flow: The psychology of optimal experience. New York: Harper Perennial.
  • Cüceloğlu, D. (2018). İnsan ve davranışı-psikolojinin temel kavramları (36. Basım). İstanbul: Remzi Kitabevi.
  • Ewert, A. W. and Hollenhurst, S. (1989). Testing the adventure model: empirical support for a model of risk recreation participation. Journal of Leisure Research, 21, 124-139.
  • Ewert, A. W. and Hollenhorst, S. (1997). Adventure recreation and its implication for wildness. International Journal of Wilderness, 3(2), 21-26.
  • Ewert, A. W., Gilbertson, K., Luo, Y. C. and Voight, A. (2013). Beyond “because it’s there”: Motivations for pursuing adventure recreational activities. Journal of Leisure Research, 45(1), 91-111.
  • Eysenck, H. and Eysenck, S. (1970). The Eysenck Personality Inventory. San Diego: Edits.
  • Fiske, D. W. and Maddi, S. R. (1961). Functions of varied experience. Homewood, Ill.: Dorsey Press.
  • Giddy J. K. and Webb N. L. (2016). The influence of the environment on motivations to participate in adventure tourism: The case of the Tsitsikamma. South African Geographical Journal. 98(2), 351-366.
  • Gilberston, K. and Ewert, A. (2015). Stability of motivations and risk attractiveness: The adventure recreation experience. Risk Management, 17(4), 276-297.
  • Hair, J., Anderson, R., Tatham, R. and Black, W. (2005). Multivariate Data Analysis. NJ: Prentice-Hall.
  • Hsieh, T. C. (2007). Recreational motivation, sensation seeking, and recreational involvement of Taiwan's adventure recreation participants (Doktora Tezi, University of the Incarnate Word).
  • Hebb, D. O. (1955). Drives and the CNS (conceptual nervous system). Psychological Review, 62(4), 243.
  • İl Turizm Müdürlükleri, 2019. http://www.kultur.gov.tr/TR-96683/il-kultur-turizm-mudurlukleri-internet-siteleri.html. Erişim Tarihi:10.02.2019.
  • Jackson, M., White, G. and White, M. (2001). Developing a tourist personality typology. Proceedings of National Research Conference, Australia, 177-184.
  • Jin, X., Xiang, Y., Weber, K. and Liu, Y. (2019). Motivation and involvement in adventure tourism activities: a Chinese tourists' perspective. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 24(11), 1066-1078.
  • Kültür ve Turizm Bakalnlığı. (2019). http://yigm.kulturturizm.gov.tr Erişim Tarihi:24.10.2019
  • Lepp, A. and Gibson, H. (2003). Tourist roles, perceived risk and international tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 30, 606-624.
  • Lepp, A. and Gibson, H. (2008). Sensation seeking and tourism: Tourist role, perception of risk and destination choice. Tourism Management, 29, 740-750
  • Leuba, C. (1955). Toward some integration of learning theories: The concept of optimal stimulation. Psychological Reports, 1(1), 27-33.
  • Lipscombe, N. (1999). The relevance of the peak experience to continued skydiving participation: a qualitative approach to assessing motivations. Leisure Studies, 18, 267-288.
  • Litvin, S. (2008). Sensation seeking and its measurement for tourism research. Journal of Travel Research, 46(4), 440-445
  • Lynch, P. and Dibben, M. (2016). Exploring motivations for adventure recreation events: a New Zealand study. Annals of Leisure Research, 19(1), 80-97.
  • Malkin, M. J. and Rabinowitz, E. (1998). Sensation seeking and high-risk recreation. Parks & Recreation. 33(7), 34-39.
  • Mason, M., Gos, L. and Moretti, A. (2017). Motivations, perceived risk and behavioural intentions in hard adventure tourism. A natural park case study. Sinergie Italian Journal of Management, 34, 181-199
  • Murray, D. M. (2003). Living on the edge: Sensation seeking and extreme sports participation. (Doktora Tezi).
  • Park, S. and Stangl, B. (2020). Augmented reality experiences and sensation seeking. Tourism Management, 77, 104023.
  • Pizam, A., Jeong, G. H., Reichel, A., van Boemmel, H., Lusson, J. M., Steynberg, L. Mason, M. and Montmany, N. (2004). The relationship between risk-taking, sensation-seeking, and the tourist behavior of young adults: A cross-cultural study. Journal of Travel Research, 42(3), 251-260.
  • Plog, S. (1987). Understanding psychographics in tourism research. Travel, tourism and hospitality research. New York: Wiley.
  • Pomfret, G. (2006). Mountaineering adventure tourists: A conceptual framework for research. Tourism Management, 27(1), 113-123.
  • Rainey, D. W., Amunategui, F., Agocs, H. and Larick, J. (1992). Sensation seeking and competitive trait anxiety among college rodeo athletes. Journal of Sport Behavior, 15(4), 307.
  • Sung, H. H. (2004). Classification of adventure travelers: behavior, decision making, and target markets. Journal of Travel Research, 42(4), 343-356.
  • Swarbrooke, J., Beard, S, C., Leckie, S. and Pomfret, G. (2003) Adventure tourism: The new frontier. Oxford: Butterworth Heinemann.
  • Wagner, A. M. and Houlihan, D. D. (1994). Sensation seeking and trait anxiety in hang-glider pilots and golfers. Personality and Individual Differences. 16(6), 975-977.
  • Warburton, N. (2015). Felsefenin kısa tarihi. (G. Ateşoğlu, Çev.) İstanbul: Alfa Felsefe.
  • Weber, K. (2001). Outdoor adventure tourism: A review of research approaches. Annals of Tourism Research, 28(2), 360-377.
  • World Tourism Organization (2019). UNWTO world tourism barometer and statistical annex. UNWTO, Madrid.
  • Tanrısevdi, A. (2009). Türk Özeliİlgi gezginleri sansasyon arama özelliği sergilemekte midir? Ege Academic Review, 9(4): 1313-1340.
  • Trimpop, R., Kerr, J. and Kirkcaldy, B. (1999). Comparing personality constructs of risk-taking behavior. Personality and Individual Differences, 26, 237-254.
  • Zuckerman, M., Eysenck, S. B. ve Eysenck, H. J. (1978). Sensation seeking in England and America: Cross-cultural, age, and sex comparisons. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 46(1), 139.
  • Zuckerman, M. (1979). Sensation seeking (psychology revivals): Beyond the optimal level of arousal. Psychology Press . Zuckerman, M. (1983). Sensation seeking and sports. Personality and Individual Differences, 4(3), 285-292.
  • Zuckerman, M. (1994). Behavioral expressions and biosocial bases of sensation seeking. Cambridge university press.
Toplam 51 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Turizm (Diğer)
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Serhat Bingöl 0000-0001-9312-4552

Meryem Akoğlan Kozak

Yayımlanma Tarihi 25 Nisan 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2021 Cilt: 18 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Bingöl, S., & Akoğlan Kozak, M. (2021). Macera Turistlerinin Duyusal Arayışları ile Aktivite Tercihleri İlişkisi: Türkiye Örneği. Seyahat Ve Otel İşletmeciliği Dergisi, 18(1), 141-165. https://doi.org/10.24010/soid.813725

Seyahat ve Otel İşletmeciliği (Journal of Travel and Hotel Business) is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0).
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