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Effect of Preheating on Microhardness, Degree of Conversion, and Depth of Cure of Various Bulk-Fill Composites

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 11 Sayı: 1, 27 - 32, 26.04.2024

Zeynep Hale Keleş Berna Tarım

https://doi.org/10.15311/selcukdentj.1219236

Öz

Background: This study aims to evaluate the effect of preheating on microhardness, degree of conversion, and depth of cure of bulk-fill composites (Tetric EvoCeram Bulk-Fill, SonicFill2) and a conventional composite (Tetric EvoCeram).
Methods: Layers of Tetric EvoCeram (2 mm), Tetric EvoCeram Bulk-Fill (4 mm), and SonicFill2 (5 mm) were placed in 4-mm diameter molds and polymerized at room temperature or heated to 55oC for 10 s with a total number of 60 samples. Then, the top surfaces of samples were polished. 30 samples’ Vickers microhardness was measured from the top and bottom surfaces. The other 30 samples were pulverized into a fine powder, and the composites’ degree of conversion was measured with attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy. Obtained data were analyzed statistically with a significance level of p<0.05.
Results: The degree of conversion of Tetric EvoCeram was higher than the minimum rate of clinically acceptable value, which is 55%, but the scores of Tetric EvoCeram Bulk-Fill and SonicFill2 were below the threshold. Preheating increased the degree of conversion of Tetric EvoCeram Bulk-Fill and SonicFill2. In addition, preheating did not affect depth of cure of SonicFill2 but decreased the rate of Tetric EvoCeram Bulk-Fill.
Conclusion: The results showed that the effect of preheating on the degree of conversion and depth of cure varied according to the material.
Keywords: Preheating, bulk-fill composite, degree of conversion, depth of cure, microhardness.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Preheating bulk-fill composite degree of conversion depth of cure microhardness.

Etik Beyan

We would like to thank Assoc. Prof. Muhammet Ü. Kahveci for giving him the opportunity to work in his laboratory.

Destekleyen Kurum

This study was supported by the Scientific Research Projects Unit of Istanbul University.

Proje Numarası

25263

Teşekkür

We would like to thank Assoc. Prof. Muhammet Kahveci for giving him the opportunity to work in his laboratory.

Kaynakça

  • 1. Sakaguchi RL, Douglas WH, Peters MC. Curing light performance and polymerization of composite restorative materials. J Dent 1992;20:183-8. doi: 10.1016/0300-5712(92)90136-z.
  • 2. Tarle Z, Attin T, Marovic D, Andermatt L, Ristic M, Tauböck TT. Influence of irradiation time on subsurface degree of conversion and microhardness of high-viscosity bulk-fill resin composites. Clin Oral Investig 2015;19(4):831-40. doi: 10.1007/s00784-014-1302-6. Epub 2014 Aug 21.
  • 3. El-Safty S, Silikas N, Watts DC. Creep deformation of restorative resin-composites intended for bulk-fill placement. Dent Mater 2012;28(8):928-35. doi:10.1016/j.dental.2012.04.038.
  • 4. Zorzin J, Maier E, Harre S, et al. Bulk-fill resin composites: polymerization properties and extended light curing. Dent Mater 2015;31(3):293-301. doi: 10.1016/j.dental.2014.12.010.
  • 5. Papadogiannis D, Tolidis K, Gerasimou P, Lakes R, Papadogiannis Y. Viscoelastic properties, creep behavior and degree of conversion of bulk fill composite resins. Dent Mater 2015;31(12):1533-41. doi: 10.1016/j.dental.2015.09.022. Epub 2015 Oct 21.
  • 6. Bucuta S, Ilie N. Light transmittance and micro-mechanical properties of bulk fill vs conventional resin based composites. Clin Oral Investig 2014;18(8):1991-2000. doi: 10.1007/s00784-013-1177-y. Epub 2014 Jan 11.
  • 7. Baroudi K, Rodrigues JC. Flowable resin composites: a systematic review and clinical considerations. J Clin Diagn Res 2015;9(6):18-24. doi: 10.7860/JCDR/2015/12294.6129.
  • 8. Monterubbianesi R, Orsini G, Tosi G, et al. Spectroscopic and mechanical properties of a new generation of bulk fill composites. Front Physiol 2016;27(7):652. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00652. eCollection 2016.
  • 9. Fróes-Salgado NR, Silva LM, Kawano Y, Francci C, Reis A, Loguercio AD. Composite pre-heating: effects on marginal adaptation, degree of conversion and mechanical properties. Dent Mater 2010;26(9):908-14. doi: 10.1016/j.dental.2010.03.023. Epub 2010 Jun 16.
  • 10. Ferracane JL, Mitchem JC, Condon JR, Todd R. Wear and marginal breakdown of composites with various degrees of cure. J Dent Res 1997;76(8):1508-16. doi: 10.1177/00220345970760081401.
  • 11. Caughman WF, Caughman GB, Shiflett RA, Rueggeberg F, Schuster GS. Correlation of cytotoxicity, filler loading and curing time of dental composites. Biomaterials 1991;12(8):737-40. doi: 10.1016/0142-9612(91)90022-3.
  • 12. Theobaldo JD, Aguiar FHB, Pini NIP, Lima DANL, Liporoni PCS, Catelan A. Effect of preheating and light-curing unit on physicochemical properties of a bulk fill composite. Clin Cosmet Investig Dent 2017;16(9):39-43. doi: 10.2147/CCIDE.S130803. eCollection 2017.
  • 13. Calheiros FC, Daronch M, Rueggeberg FA, Braga RR. Effect of temperature on composite polymerization stress and degree of conversion. Dent Mater 2014;30(6):613-18. doi: 10.1016/j.dental.2014.02.024. Epub 2014 Mar 19.
  • 14. Almeida LN, Mendes GAM, Favarão IN, Kasuya AVB, Borges MG, Menezes MS, et al. Influence of preheating and post-curing on a novel fiber-reinforced composite post material. Braz Oral Res 2018;29:32-97. doi: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2018.vol32.0097.
  • 15. Yang J, Silikas N, Watts DC. Pre-heating time and exposure duration: Effects on post-irradiation properties of a thermo-viscous resin-composite. Dent Mater 2020;36(6):787-93. doi: 10.1016/j.dental.2020.03.025. Epub 2020 May 5.
  • 16. Erhardt MCG, Goulart M, Jacques RC, Rodrigues JA, Pfeifer CS. Effect of different composite modulation protocols on the conversion and polymerization stress profile of bulk-filled resin restorations. Dent Mater 2020;36(7):829-37. doi: 10.1016/j.dental.2020.03.019. Epub 2020 May 20.
  • 17. Tauböck TT, Marovic D, Zeljezic D, Steingruber AD, Attin T, Tarle Z. Genotoxic potential of dental bulk-fill resin composites. Dent Mater 2017;33(7):788-95. doi: 10.1016/j.dental.2017.04.011. Epub 2017 May 20.
  • 18. Schulze KA, Macaoay M, Miles JP. Direct restorative materials. In: Geissberger M. editor. Esthetic dentistry in clinical practice. Singapore: Blackwell Publishing; 2010. 155-74. P.169.
  • 19. Bouschlicher MR, Rueggeberg FA, Wilson BM. Correlation of bottom-to-top surface microhardness and conversion ratios for a variety of resin composite compositions. Oper Dent 2004;29(6):698-704.
  • 20. Soliman EM, Ibrahim LE, Adel AK. Effect of preheating on microleakage and microhardness of composite resin (an in vitro study). Alexandria Dental Journal 2016;41: 4-11. doi:10.21608/adjalexu.2016.59163
  • 21. Nada K, El-Mowafy O. Effect of precuring warming on mechanical properties of restorative composites. Int J Dent 2011;2011:536212. doi: 10.1155/2011/536212. Epub 2011 Oct 27.
  • 22. Dionysopoulos D, Tolidis K, Gerasimou, P, Koliniotou-Koumpia E. Effect of preheating on the film thickness of contemporary composite restorative materials. Journal of Dental Sciences 2014;9(4):313-19. doi:10.1016/J.JDS.2014.03.006
  • 23. Mohammadi N, Jafari-Navimipour E, Kimyai S, Ajami AA, Bahari M, Ansarin M, et al. Effect of pre-heating on the mechanical properties of silorane-based and methacrylate-based composites. J Clin Exp Dent 2016;1:8(4):e373-e78. doi: 10.4317/jced.52807. eCollection 2016 Oct.
  • 24. Osternack FH, Caldas DB, Almeida JB, Souza EM, Mazur RF. Effects of preheating and precooling on the hardness and shrinkage of a composite resin cured with QTH and LED. Oper Dent 2013;38(3):1-8. doi: 10.2341/11-411-L.
  • 25. Elkaffass AA, Eltoukhy RI, Elnegoly SA, Mahmoud SH. Influence of preheating on mechanical and surface properties of nanofilled resin composites. J Clin Exp Dent 2020;12(5):494-500. doi: 10.4317/jced.56469. eCollection 2020 May.
  • 26. Karaman E, Gönülol N. Effect of pre-heating on resin composites polymerization depth. Cumhuriyet Dental Journal 2015;18(2):141-47. doi: 10.7126/cdj.58140.5000080131
  • 27. Lopes LCP, Terada RSS, Tsuzuki FM, Giannini M, Hirata R. Heating and preheating of dental restorative materials-a systematic review. Clin Oral Investig 2020;24(12):4225-35. doi: 10.1007/s00784-020-03637-2.
  • 28. Kincses D, Böddi K, Őri Z, Lovász BV, Jeges S, Szalma J, et al. Pre-heating effect on monomer elution and degree of conversion of contemporary and thermoviscous bulk-fill resin-based dental composites. Polymers (Basel) 2021;19:13(20):3599. doi: 10.3390/polym13203599.
  • 29. Ferracane JL, Greener EH. Fourier transform infrared analysis of degree of polymerization in unfilled resins--methods comparison. J Dent Res 1984;63(8):1093-5. doi: 10.1177/00220345840630081901.
  • 30. Sakaguchi RL, Powers JM. (2012). Craig’s restorative dental materials. 13th ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier Mosby; 2012. p.90-1.
  • 31. Callister WD, Rethwisch DG. Materials science and engineering: An introduction. 9th ed. NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc; 2014. P.191-5.
  • 32. Anusavice KJ, Shen C, Rawls HR. Phillips' science of dental materials. 12th ed. St Louis: Elsevier Health Sciences; 2013.
  • 33. Ilie N, Keßler A, Durner J. Influence of various irradiation processes on the mechanical properties and polymerisation kinetics of bulk-fill resin based composites. J Dent 2013;41(8):695-702. doi: 10.1016/j.jdent.2013.05.008. Epub 2013 May 21.
  • 34. Miletic V, Pongprueksa P, De Munck J, Brooks NR, Van Meerbeek B. Curing characteristics of flowable and sculptable bulk-fill composites. Clin Oral Investig 2017;21(4):1201-12. doi: 10.1007/s00784-016-1894-0. Epub 2016 Jul 6.
  • 35. Lempel E, Őri Z, Szalma J, et al. Effect of exposure time and pre-heating on the conversion degree of conventional, bulk-fill, fiber reinforced and polyacid-modified resin composites. Dent Mater 2019;35(2):217-28. doi: 10.1016/j.dental.2018.11.017. Epub 2018 Nov 28.
  • 36. Flury S, Hayoz S, Peutzfeldt A, Hüsler J, Lussi A. Depth of cure of resin composites: is the ISO 4049 method suitable for bulk fill materials? Dent Mater 2012; 28(5):521-8. doi: 10.1016/j.dental.2012.02.002.
  • 37. AlQahtani MQ, Michaud PL, Sullivan B, Labrie D, AlShaafi MM, Price RB. Effect of high ırradiance on depth of cure of a conventional and a bulk fill resin-based composite. Oper Dent 2015;40(6):662-72. doi: 10.2341/14-244-L. Epub 2015 Aug 3.
  • 38. Aldossary MS, Santini A. The influence of two different curing regimens on light energy transmission through bulk-fill resin composites and Vickers hardness. Am J Dent 2016;29(5):282-8.
  • 39. Ilie N. Sufficiency of curing in high-viscosity bulk-fill resin composites with enhanced opacity. Clin Oral Investig 2019;23(2):747-55. doi: 10.1007/s00784-018-2482-2. Epub 2018 May 18.
  • 40. Nagi SM, Moharam LM, Zaazou MH. Effect of resin thickness, and curing time on the micro-hardness of bulk-fill resin composites. J Clin Exp Dent 2015;7(5):600-4. doi: 10.4317/jced.52536. eCollection 2015 Dec.
  • 41. Rueggeberg FA, Daronch M, Browning WD, DE Goes MF. In vivo temperature measurement: tooth preparation and restoration with preheated resin composite. J Esthet Restor Dent. 2010;22(5):314-322. doi:10.1111/j.1708-8240.2010.00358.x
  • 42. Karacan AO, Ozyurt P. Effect of preheated bulk-fill composite temperature on intrapulpal temperature increase in vitro. J Esthet Restor Dent. 2019;31(6):583-588. doi:10.1111/jerd.12503

Ön Isıtmanın Bulk-Fill Kompozitlerin Mikrosertlik, Monomer Dönüşüm Derecesi ve Polimerizasyon Derinliği Üzerine Etkisi

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 11 Sayı: 1, 27 - 32, 26.04.2024

Zeynep Hale Keleş Berna Tarım

https://doi.org/10.15311/selcukdentj.1219236

Öz

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı ön ısıtma işleminin bulk-fill kompozitlerin (Tetric EvoCeram Bulk-Fill, SonicFill2) mikrosertlik, monomer dönüşüm derecesi ve polimerizasyon derinliği üzerine etkisini geleneksel bir kompozitle (Tetric EvoCeram) karşılaştırmalı olarak incelemektir.
Gereç ve yöntemler: Kompozitler oda sıcaklığında veya 55 oC’ye ısıtılarak 4 mm çapında kalıplara Tetric EvoCeram 2 mm, Tetric EvoCeram Bulk-Fill 4 mm ve SonicFill2 5 mm derinliğinde yerleştirilerek LED ışık kaynağıyla 10 sn polimerize edilmişlerdir (n=5). Üst yüzeyleri cilalanan toplam 60 örneğin yarısının üst ve alt yüzeylerinden Vickers sertlik değerleri ölçülmüştür. Örneklerin diğer yarısı toz haline getirilmiş ve attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroskopisi ile monomer dönüşüm dereceleri ölçülmüştür. Elde edilen veriler istatistiksel olarak analiz edilmiştir (p<0.05).
Bulgular: Tetric EvoCeram’ın monomer dönüşüm derecesi klinik olarak kabul edilen minumum değer olan %55’den yüksek olup, Tetric EvoCeram Bulk-Fill and SonicFill2 bu değerin altında kalmıştır. Ön ısıtma işlemi Tetric EvoCeram Bulk-Fill and SonicFill2’nin monomer dönüşüm derecesini artırmıştır. SonicFill2’nin polimerizasyon derinliği ön ısıtmadan etkilenmezken, ön ısıtma Tetric EvoCeram Bulk-Fill’in polimerizasyon derinliğinde azalmaya neden olmuştur.
Sonuç: Ön ısıtmanın monomer dönüşüm derecesi ve polimerizasyon derinliğine etkisi materyale bağlı olarak değişmektedir.
Anahtar kelimeler: Ön ısıtma, bulk-fill kompozit, monomer dönüşüm derecesi, polimerizasyon derinliği, mikrosertlik.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Ön ısıtma bulk-fill kompozit monomer dönüşüm derecesi polimerizasyon derinliği mikrosertlik.

Etik Beyan

Bu makale, sempozyum ya da kongrede sunulan bir tebliğin içeriği geliştirilerek ve kısmen değiştirilerek üretilmemiştir. Bu çalışma Zeynep Hale Keleş'in "Bulk-Fill Kompozit Reçinelerin Farklı Tekniklerle Uygulanmasının Monomer Dönüşüm Derecesi Ve Mikrosertlik Üzerine Etkisinin Değerlendirilmesi" başlıklı tezinden üretilmiştir. Bu çalışmanın hazırlanma sürecinde bilimsel ve etik ilkelere uyulduğu ve yararlanılan tüm çalışmaların kaynakçada belirtildiği beyan olunur.

Proje Numarası

25263

Teşekkür

Doç Dr. Muhammed Ü. Kahveci'ye bize laboratuvarında çalışma fırsatı verdiği için teşekkür ederiz.

Kaynakça

  • 1. Sakaguchi RL, Douglas WH, Peters MC. Curing light performance and polymerization of composite restorative materials. J Dent 1992;20:183-8. doi: 10.1016/0300-5712(92)90136-z.
  • 2. Tarle Z, Attin T, Marovic D, Andermatt L, Ristic M, Tauböck TT. Influence of irradiation time on subsurface degree of conversion and microhardness of high-viscosity bulk-fill resin composites. Clin Oral Investig 2015;19(4):831-40. doi: 10.1007/s00784-014-1302-6. Epub 2014 Aug 21.
  • 3. El-Safty S, Silikas N, Watts DC. Creep deformation of restorative resin-composites intended for bulk-fill placement. Dent Mater 2012;28(8):928-35. doi:10.1016/j.dental.2012.04.038.
  • 4. Zorzin J, Maier E, Harre S, et al. Bulk-fill resin composites: polymerization properties and extended light curing. Dent Mater 2015;31(3):293-301. doi: 10.1016/j.dental.2014.12.010.
  • 5. Papadogiannis D, Tolidis K, Gerasimou P, Lakes R, Papadogiannis Y. Viscoelastic properties, creep behavior and degree of conversion of bulk fill composite resins. Dent Mater 2015;31(12):1533-41. doi: 10.1016/j.dental.2015.09.022. Epub 2015 Oct 21.
  • 6. Bucuta S, Ilie N. Light transmittance and micro-mechanical properties of bulk fill vs conventional resin based composites. Clin Oral Investig 2014;18(8):1991-2000. doi: 10.1007/s00784-013-1177-y. Epub 2014 Jan 11.
  • 7. Baroudi K, Rodrigues JC. Flowable resin composites: a systematic review and clinical considerations. J Clin Diagn Res 2015;9(6):18-24. doi: 10.7860/JCDR/2015/12294.6129.
  • 8. Monterubbianesi R, Orsini G, Tosi G, et al. Spectroscopic and mechanical properties of a new generation of bulk fill composites. Front Physiol 2016;27(7):652. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00652. eCollection 2016.
  • 9. Fróes-Salgado NR, Silva LM, Kawano Y, Francci C, Reis A, Loguercio AD. Composite pre-heating: effects on marginal adaptation, degree of conversion and mechanical properties. Dent Mater 2010;26(9):908-14. doi: 10.1016/j.dental.2010.03.023. Epub 2010 Jun 16.
  • 10. Ferracane JL, Mitchem JC, Condon JR, Todd R. Wear and marginal breakdown of composites with various degrees of cure. J Dent Res 1997;76(8):1508-16. doi: 10.1177/00220345970760081401.
  • 11. Caughman WF, Caughman GB, Shiflett RA, Rueggeberg F, Schuster GS. Correlation of cytotoxicity, filler loading and curing time of dental composites. Biomaterials 1991;12(8):737-40. doi: 10.1016/0142-9612(91)90022-3.
  • 12. Theobaldo JD, Aguiar FHB, Pini NIP, Lima DANL, Liporoni PCS, Catelan A. Effect of preheating and light-curing unit on physicochemical properties of a bulk fill composite. Clin Cosmet Investig Dent 2017;16(9):39-43. doi: 10.2147/CCIDE.S130803. eCollection 2017.
  • 13. Calheiros FC, Daronch M, Rueggeberg FA, Braga RR. Effect of temperature on composite polymerization stress and degree of conversion. Dent Mater 2014;30(6):613-18. doi: 10.1016/j.dental.2014.02.024. Epub 2014 Mar 19.
  • 14. Almeida LN, Mendes GAM, Favarão IN, Kasuya AVB, Borges MG, Menezes MS, et al. Influence of preheating and post-curing on a novel fiber-reinforced composite post material. Braz Oral Res 2018;29:32-97. doi: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2018.vol32.0097.
  • 15. Yang J, Silikas N, Watts DC. Pre-heating time and exposure duration: Effects on post-irradiation properties of a thermo-viscous resin-composite. Dent Mater 2020;36(6):787-93. doi: 10.1016/j.dental.2020.03.025. Epub 2020 May 5.
  • 16. Erhardt MCG, Goulart M, Jacques RC, Rodrigues JA, Pfeifer CS. Effect of different composite modulation protocols on the conversion and polymerization stress profile of bulk-filled resin restorations. Dent Mater 2020;36(7):829-37. doi: 10.1016/j.dental.2020.03.019. Epub 2020 May 20.
  • 17. Tauböck TT, Marovic D, Zeljezic D, Steingruber AD, Attin T, Tarle Z. Genotoxic potential of dental bulk-fill resin composites. Dent Mater 2017;33(7):788-95. doi: 10.1016/j.dental.2017.04.011. Epub 2017 May 20.
  • 18. Schulze KA, Macaoay M, Miles JP. Direct restorative materials. In: Geissberger M. editor. Esthetic dentistry in clinical practice. Singapore: Blackwell Publishing; 2010. 155-74. P.169.
  • 19. Bouschlicher MR, Rueggeberg FA, Wilson BM. Correlation of bottom-to-top surface microhardness and conversion ratios for a variety of resin composite compositions. Oper Dent 2004;29(6):698-704.
  • 20. Soliman EM, Ibrahim LE, Adel AK. Effect of preheating on microleakage and microhardness of composite resin (an in vitro study). Alexandria Dental Journal 2016;41: 4-11. doi:10.21608/adjalexu.2016.59163
  • 21. Nada K, El-Mowafy O. Effect of precuring warming on mechanical properties of restorative composites. Int J Dent 2011;2011:536212. doi: 10.1155/2011/536212. Epub 2011 Oct 27.
  • 22. Dionysopoulos D, Tolidis K, Gerasimou, P, Koliniotou-Koumpia E. Effect of preheating on the film thickness of contemporary composite restorative materials. Journal of Dental Sciences 2014;9(4):313-19. doi:10.1016/J.JDS.2014.03.006
  • 23. Mohammadi N, Jafari-Navimipour E, Kimyai S, Ajami AA, Bahari M, Ansarin M, et al. Effect of pre-heating on the mechanical properties of silorane-based and methacrylate-based composites. J Clin Exp Dent 2016;1:8(4):e373-e78. doi: 10.4317/jced.52807. eCollection 2016 Oct.
  • 24. Osternack FH, Caldas DB, Almeida JB, Souza EM, Mazur RF. Effects of preheating and precooling on the hardness and shrinkage of a composite resin cured with QTH and LED. Oper Dent 2013;38(3):1-8. doi: 10.2341/11-411-L.
  • 25. Elkaffass AA, Eltoukhy RI, Elnegoly SA, Mahmoud SH. Influence of preheating on mechanical and surface properties of nanofilled resin composites. J Clin Exp Dent 2020;12(5):494-500. doi: 10.4317/jced.56469. eCollection 2020 May.
  • 26. Karaman E, Gönülol N. Effect of pre-heating on resin composites polymerization depth. Cumhuriyet Dental Journal 2015;18(2):141-47. doi: 10.7126/cdj.58140.5000080131
  • 27. Lopes LCP, Terada RSS, Tsuzuki FM, Giannini M, Hirata R. Heating and preheating of dental restorative materials-a systematic review. Clin Oral Investig 2020;24(12):4225-35. doi: 10.1007/s00784-020-03637-2.
  • 28. Kincses D, Böddi K, Őri Z, Lovász BV, Jeges S, Szalma J, et al. Pre-heating effect on monomer elution and degree of conversion of contemporary and thermoviscous bulk-fill resin-based dental composites. Polymers (Basel) 2021;19:13(20):3599. doi: 10.3390/polym13203599.
  • 29. Ferracane JL, Greener EH. Fourier transform infrared analysis of degree of polymerization in unfilled resins--methods comparison. J Dent Res 1984;63(8):1093-5. doi: 10.1177/00220345840630081901.
  • 30. Sakaguchi RL, Powers JM. (2012). Craig’s restorative dental materials. 13th ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier Mosby; 2012. p.90-1.
  • 31. Callister WD, Rethwisch DG. Materials science and engineering: An introduction. 9th ed. NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc; 2014. P.191-5.
  • 32. Anusavice KJ, Shen C, Rawls HR. Phillips' science of dental materials. 12th ed. St Louis: Elsevier Health Sciences; 2013.
  • 33. Ilie N, Keßler A, Durner J. Influence of various irradiation processes on the mechanical properties and polymerisation kinetics of bulk-fill resin based composites. J Dent 2013;41(8):695-702. doi: 10.1016/j.jdent.2013.05.008. Epub 2013 May 21.
  • 34. Miletic V, Pongprueksa P, De Munck J, Brooks NR, Van Meerbeek B. Curing characteristics of flowable and sculptable bulk-fill composites. Clin Oral Investig 2017;21(4):1201-12. doi: 10.1007/s00784-016-1894-0. Epub 2016 Jul 6.
  • 35. Lempel E, Őri Z, Szalma J, et al. Effect of exposure time and pre-heating on the conversion degree of conventional, bulk-fill, fiber reinforced and polyacid-modified resin composites. Dent Mater 2019;35(2):217-28. doi: 10.1016/j.dental.2018.11.017. Epub 2018 Nov 28.
  • 36. Flury S, Hayoz S, Peutzfeldt A, Hüsler J, Lussi A. Depth of cure of resin composites: is the ISO 4049 method suitable for bulk fill materials? Dent Mater 2012; 28(5):521-8. doi: 10.1016/j.dental.2012.02.002.
  • 37. AlQahtani MQ, Michaud PL, Sullivan B, Labrie D, AlShaafi MM, Price RB. Effect of high ırradiance on depth of cure of a conventional and a bulk fill resin-based composite. Oper Dent 2015;40(6):662-72. doi: 10.2341/14-244-L. Epub 2015 Aug 3.
  • 38. Aldossary MS, Santini A. The influence of two different curing regimens on light energy transmission through bulk-fill resin composites and Vickers hardness. Am J Dent 2016;29(5):282-8.
  • 39. Ilie N. Sufficiency of curing in high-viscosity bulk-fill resin composites with enhanced opacity. Clin Oral Investig 2019;23(2):747-55. doi: 10.1007/s00784-018-2482-2. Epub 2018 May 18.
  • 40. Nagi SM, Moharam LM, Zaazou MH. Effect of resin thickness, and curing time on the micro-hardness of bulk-fill resin composites. J Clin Exp Dent 2015;7(5):600-4. doi: 10.4317/jced.52536. eCollection 2015 Dec.
  • 41. Rueggeberg FA, Daronch M, Browning WD, DE Goes MF. In vivo temperature measurement: tooth preparation and restoration with preheated resin composite. J Esthet Restor Dent. 2010;22(5):314-322. doi:10.1111/j.1708-8240.2010.00358.x
  • 42. Karacan AO, Ozyurt P. Effect of preheated bulk-fill composite temperature on intrapulpal temperature increase in vitro. J Esthet Restor Dent. 2019;31(6):583-588. doi:10.1111/jerd.12503
Toplam 42 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Diş Hekimliği
Bölüm Araştırma
Yazarlar

Zeynep Hale Keleş 0000-0003-3793-4512

Berna Tarım 0000-0003-3869-0193

Proje Numarası 25263
Yayımlanma Tarihi 26 Nisan 2024
Gönderilme Tarihi 14 Aralık 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024 Cilt: 11 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

Vancouver Keleş ZH, Tarım B. Effect of Preheating on Microhardness, Degree of Conversion, and Depth of Cure of Various Bulk-Fill Composites. Selcuk Dent J. 2024;11(1):27-32.

Selcuk Dental Journal Creative Commons Atıf-GayriTicari 4.0 Uluslararası Lisansı (CC BY NC) ile lisanslanmıştır.