Klinik Araştırma
Ruhsal Bozukluğu Nedeniyle Ayaktan İzlenen Hastaların Öz Şefkat Düzeyleri ve Stresle Başa Çıkma Tarzları Arasındaki İlişki
Öz
Amaç: Bu çalışma, ruhsal bozukluğu nedeniyle ayaktan izlenen hastaların öz şefkat düzeyleri ve stresle başa çıkma tarzları arasındaki ilişkiyi belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır.
Yöntem: Tanımlayıcı nitelikteki bu çalışma, Ankara’da Hacettepe Üniversitesi Erişkin Hastanesi psikiyatri polikliniğinde Aralık 2020- Nisan 2021 tarihleri arasında gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmaya ruhsal bozukluğu nedeniyle ayaktan izlenen araştırma kriterlerini karşılayan ve araştırmaya katılmayı kabul eden 113 hasta dahil edilmiştir. Verilerin toplanmasında Hasta Veri Formu, Öz Duyarlılık (Öz şefkat) Ölçeği ve Stresle Başa Çıkma Tarzları Ölçeği kullanılmıştır.
Bulgular: Araştırmada hastaların öz şefkat düzeylerinin orta düzeyde olduğu görülmüştür. Hastaların öz şefkat ve stresle başa çıkma tarzları alt ölçek puan ortalamaları ile cinsiyet, yaş, eğitim düzeyleri, sigara ve alkol kullanım durumları, bireylerin birlikte yaşadıkları kişiler, tanı grupları, iyileşme inançları ve tedavi memnuniyetleri arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark olduğu saptanmıştır (p≤0,05). Hastaların öz şefkat düzeyleri ve stresle başa çıkma tarzları arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir ilişki olduğu görülmüştür (p≤0,05).
Sonuç: Araştırma sonuçlarına göre hastaların öz şefkat düzeyleri ile stresle başa çıkma tarzları arasında ilişki olduğu saptanmıştır. Bu araştırma sonuçlarının ruhsal bozukluğu olan bireylerin tedavi planını düzenlemede yol gösterici olacağı düşünülmektedir.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- 1. Slavich, G. (2016). Life stress and health: a review of conceptual ıssues and recent findings, Teach Psychol., 43, 346–35.
- 2. Moritz, S., Köther, U., Hartman, M., Lincoln, T. (2015). Stress is a bad advisor. Stress primes poor decision making in deluded psychotic patients, Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci, 265, 461–469.
- 3. Özarslan, Z., Fıstıkçı, N., Keyvan, A., Uğurad, Z.I., Saygılı, S. (2013). Depresyon hastalarının stres ile başa çıkma stratejileri, Marmara Medical Journal, 26, 130-5.
- 4. Karabulut, V., Evren, C., (2018). Opioid sürdürüm tedavisindeki hastalarda intihar girişimi ile stresle başa çıkma stilleri arasındaki ilişki, Klinik Psikiyatri, 21, 245-253.
- 5. Folkman, S., Lazarus, R.S., Gruen, R.J., De Longis, A., (1986). Appraisal, Coping, Health Status, and Psychological Symptoms, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 50, 571.
- 6. Wigman, J.T., Devlin, N., Kelleher I., Murtagh A., et al. (2014). Psychotic symptoms, functioning and coping in adolescents with mental illness, BMC Psychiatry, 14, 1-9.
- 7. Troop, N.A., Holbrey, A., Treasure J.L. (1998). Stress, coping, and crisis support in eating disorders. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 24, 157-166.
- 8. Germer, C. (2018). Öz Şefkatli Farkındalık, İstanbul, Diyojen Yayıncılık.
- 9. Korkmaz, B. (2018). Öz duyarlılık: psikolojik belirtiler ile ilişkisi ve psikoterapide kullanımı, Current Approaches in Psychiatry, 10, 40-58.
- 10. Neff, K., (2003a) Self-compassion: an alternative conceptualization of a healthy attitude toward oneself, Self Identity, 2, 85-101.
- 11. Neff, K., (2003b). The development and validation of a scale to measure self compassion, Self Identity, 2, 223-250.
- 12. Terry, M.L., Leary, M.R., Mehta, S., (2013). Self-compassion as a buffer against homesickness, depression, and dissatisfaction in the transition to college, Self Identity, 12, 278- 290.
- 13. Yamaguchi, A., Kim, M.S., Akutsu, S., (2014). The effects of self-construals, self-criticism, and self-compassion on depressive symptoms, Personality and Individual Differences, 68, 65-70.
- 14. Døssing, M., Nilsson, K.K., Svejstrup, S.R., Sørensen, V.V., Straarup, K.N., Hansen, T.B., (2015). Low self-compassion in patients with bipolar disorder. Comprehensive psychiatry, 60, 53-58.
- 15. Phelps, C.L., Paniagua, S.M., Willcockson, I.U., Potter, J.S., The relationship between self-compassion and the risk for substance use disorder, Drug and alcohol dependence, 183, 78-8.
- 16. Eichholz, A., et al, (2020). Self‐compassion and emotion regulation difficulties in obsessive–compulsive disorder, Clinical psychology & psychotherapy, 630-639.
- 17. Allen, R.J., (1983). Human stress: Its nature and control, New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.
- 18. Lloyd, J., Muer, J., Patterson, T., Marczak, M., (2018). Self-compassion, coping strategies, and caregiver burden in caregivers of people with dementia, Clinical Gerontologist, 42(1), 47-59.
- 19. Deniz, M.E., (2021). Self-compassion, intolerance of uncertainty, fear of COVID19, and well-being: A serial mediation investigation, Personality and Individual Differences, 177, 110824.
- 20. Gerke, Y.K., (2016). Promoting Self-Compassion: A Self-Help Compassion Training and its Effect on Stress-A Randomized Controlled Trial on the Effectiveness of a Compassion Based Intervention and a Mediation Analysis of Self-Compassion (Master's thesis, University of Twente).
- 21. Ewert, C., Vater, A., Schröder-Abé, M., (2021). Self-compassion and coping: a meta-analysis, Mindfulness, 1-15.
- 22. Akın, Ü., Akın, A., Abacı, R., (2007). Öz-duyarlık ölçeği: geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması, Hacettepe Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 33, 1-10.
- 23. Şahin, N.H., Durak, A., (1995). Stresle başa çıkma tarzları ölçeği: Üniversite öğrencileri için uyarlanması, Türk Psikoloji Dergisi, 10, 56-73.
- 24. Bluth, K., Roberson, P.N., Gaylord, S.A., Faurot, K.R., (2016). Does self-compassion protect adolescents from stress?, Journal of Child and Family Studies, 25, 1098-1109.
- 25. Werner, K.H., Jazaieri, H., Goldin, P.R., Ziv, M., (2012). Self-compassion and social anxiety disorder, Anxiety, Stress & Coping, 25, 543-558.
- 26. Hoge, E.A., Hölzel, B.K., Marques, L., Metcalf, C.A., (2013). Mindfulness and self-compassion in generalized anxiety disorder: Examining predictors of disability. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine.
- 27. Vettese, L.C., Dyer, C.E., Li, W.L., Wekerle, C., (2011). Does self-compassion mitigate the association between childhood maltreatment and later emotion regulation difficulties? A preliminary investigation, International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 9, 480-491.
- 28. Brooks, M., Kay-Lambkin, F., Bowman, J., Childs, S., (2012). Self-compassion amongst clients with problematic alcohol use. Mindfulness, 3, 308-317.
- 29. Hood, C.O., Thomson Ross, L., Wills, N., (2020). Family factors and depressive symptoms among college students: Understanding the role of self-compassion, Journal Of American College Health, 68, 683-687.
- 30. Neely, M.E., Schallert, D.L., Mohammed, S.S., Roberts, R.M., (2009). Self-kindness when facing stress: The role of self-compassion, goal regulation, and support in college students’ well-being, Motivation and Emotion, 33, 88-97.
- 31. Bibi, S., Masood, S., Ahmad, M., Bukhari, S., (2017). Effect of self-compassion on the marital adjustment of Pakistani adults, Foundation University Journal of Psychology, 52-66.
- 32. Yang, Y., Zhang, M., Kou, Y., (2016). Self-compassion and life satisfaction: The mediating role of hope. Personality and Individual Differences, 98, 91-95.
- 33. Alpat, B., (2017). Konversiyon bozukluğunda psikolojik dayanıklılığın ve başa çıkma tarzlarının etkisi, Published master thesis, İstanbul, Işık Üniversitesi Klinik Psikoloji, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.
- 34. Kessler, R.C., Walters, E.E., Forthofer, M.S., (1998). The social consequences of psychiatric disorders: III., Probability of marital stability American Journal of Psychiatry, 1092-1096.
- 35. Ayyıldız, E., Gümüş, A.B., (2019). Bipolar bozukluk tanılı bireylerin bakım verenlerinde bakım yükü ve baş etme yöntemlerinin incelenmesi, Journal of Psychiatric Nursing, 10, 277-285.
- 36. Christensen, U., Schmidt, L., Kriegbaum, M., Hougaard, C.Ø., (2006). Coping with unemployment: Does educational attainment make any difference?, Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, 34, 363-370.
- 37. Kelleci, M., Gölbaşı, Z., İnal, S., Kavakcı, Ö., (2012). Sigara içen ve içmeyen üniversite öğrencilerinin stresle başa çıkma tarzları: Cinsiyetin etkisi, CMJ, 34, 9-16.
- 38. Işıktaş, S., Karafistan, M., Dilan, A., Yılmaz, A.S., (2019). Sigara içen ve içmeyen bireylerin stresle başa çıkma tutumları açısından karşılaştırılması, Cyprus Medical Journal, 1, 102-107.
- 39. Çapık, C., Durmaz, H., Öztürk, M., (2017). Hemşirelik öğrencilerinin stresle başa çikma tarzlari ve etkileyen etmenler: Lefkoşe örneği, Anadolu Hemşirelik ve Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 20, 208-216.
- 40. Cohen, W., Wills, T.A., (1985). Stres, social support, and the buffering hypothesis, Pscyhological Bullletin, 98, 310-357.
- 41. Raffaelli, M., Andrade, F.C., Wiley, A.R., Sanchez‐Armass, O., (2013). Stress, social support, and depression: A test of the stress‐buffering hypothesis in a Mexican sample, Journal of Research on Adolescence, 23(2), 283-289.
- 42. Neff, K.D., Pisitsungkagarn, K., Hsei,h Y., (2008). Self-compassion and self-construal in the United States, Thailand, and Taiwan, Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 39, 267-285.
The Relationship Between Self-Compassion Levels and Stress Coping Styles of Outpatients for Mental Disorders
Öz
Objective: Individuals with mental disorders face several stress factors caused by their mental disorders. Self-compassion is stated as protective against mental disorder symptoms and it helps coping with stressful situations. This research was conducted to determine the relationship between the self-compassion and ways to cope with stress of the outpatients with mental disorders.
Methods: This descriptive study was conducted between December 2020 and April 2021 in a university hospital in Ankara. A total of 113 outpatients were included in the study. Data were collected by using Patient Information Form, Self-Compassion Scale and Coping Strategies for Stress Scale Statistical Package for Social Sciences 22.0 was used for statistical analysis. Arithmetic mean ± standard deviation for continuous variables and number and percentage expressions were used for categorical variables. Kruskal-Wallis test and Mann-Whitney U test were used for comparisons between the groups. Spearman’s Correlation test was used to evaluate the relationship between variables. For statistical significance, p <0,05 was accepted.
Results: In the study, it was found that patients’ self-compassion levels were medium. There was a statistically significant correlation between patients’ mean subscale scores of self-compassion and coping strategies for stress and their gender, age, level of education, smoking and alcohol use, people they live with, diagnosis related groups for mental disorders, hope for healing and treatment satisfaction (p<0,05). It was found that patients mostly used effective ways of coping with stress. Moreover, there was a statistically significant correlation between patients’ self-compassion levels and coping strategies for stress (p<0,05).
Conclusion: According to the results of the research, there is a relationship between patients’ self-compassion levels and coping strategies for stress. The results of this study are thought to be guiding in arranging treatment plans of individuals with mental disorders.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- 1. Slavich, G. (2016). Life stress and health: a review of conceptual ıssues and recent findings, Teach Psychol., 43, 346–35.
- 2. Moritz, S., Köther, U., Hartman, M., Lincoln, T. (2015). Stress is a bad advisor. Stress primes poor decision making in deluded psychotic patients, Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci, 265, 461–469.
- 3. Özarslan, Z., Fıstıkçı, N., Keyvan, A., Uğurad, Z.I., Saygılı, S. (2013). Depresyon hastalarının stres ile başa çıkma stratejileri, Marmara Medical Journal, 26, 130-5.
- 4. Karabulut, V., Evren, C., (2018). Opioid sürdürüm tedavisindeki hastalarda intihar girişimi ile stresle başa çıkma stilleri arasındaki ilişki, Klinik Psikiyatri, 21, 245-253.
- 5. Folkman, S., Lazarus, R.S., Gruen, R.J., De Longis, A., (1986). Appraisal, Coping, Health Status, and Psychological Symptoms, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 50, 571.
- 6. Wigman, J.T., Devlin, N., Kelleher I., Murtagh A., et al. (2014). Psychotic symptoms, functioning and coping in adolescents with mental illness, BMC Psychiatry, 14, 1-9.
- 7. Troop, N.A., Holbrey, A., Treasure J.L. (1998). Stress, coping, and crisis support in eating disorders. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 24, 157-166.
- 8. Germer, C. (2018). Öz Şefkatli Farkındalık, İstanbul, Diyojen Yayıncılık.
- 9. Korkmaz, B. (2018). Öz duyarlılık: psikolojik belirtiler ile ilişkisi ve psikoterapide kullanımı, Current Approaches in Psychiatry, 10, 40-58.
- 10. Neff, K., (2003a) Self-compassion: an alternative conceptualization of a healthy attitude toward oneself, Self Identity, 2, 85-101.
- 11. Neff, K., (2003b). The development and validation of a scale to measure self compassion, Self Identity, 2, 223-250.
- 12. Terry, M.L., Leary, M.R., Mehta, S., (2013). Self-compassion as a buffer against homesickness, depression, and dissatisfaction in the transition to college, Self Identity, 12, 278- 290.
- 13. Yamaguchi, A., Kim, M.S., Akutsu, S., (2014). The effects of self-construals, self-criticism, and self-compassion on depressive symptoms, Personality and Individual Differences, 68, 65-70.
- 14. Døssing, M., Nilsson, K.K., Svejstrup, S.R., Sørensen, V.V., Straarup, K.N., Hansen, T.B., (2015). Low self-compassion in patients with bipolar disorder. Comprehensive psychiatry, 60, 53-58.
- 15. Phelps, C.L., Paniagua, S.M., Willcockson, I.U., Potter, J.S., The relationship between self-compassion and the risk for substance use disorder, Drug and alcohol dependence, 183, 78-8.
- 16. Eichholz, A., et al, (2020). Self‐compassion and emotion regulation difficulties in obsessive–compulsive disorder, Clinical psychology & psychotherapy, 630-639.
- 17. Allen, R.J., (1983). Human stress: Its nature and control, New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.
- 18. Lloyd, J., Muer, J., Patterson, T., Marczak, M., (2018). Self-compassion, coping strategies, and caregiver burden in caregivers of people with dementia, Clinical Gerontologist, 42(1), 47-59.
- 19. Deniz, M.E., (2021). Self-compassion, intolerance of uncertainty, fear of COVID19, and well-being: A serial mediation investigation, Personality and Individual Differences, 177, 110824.
- 20. Gerke, Y.K., (2016). Promoting Self-Compassion: A Self-Help Compassion Training and its Effect on Stress-A Randomized Controlled Trial on the Effectiveness of a Compassion Based Intervention and a Mediation Analysis of Self-Compassion (Master's thesis, University of Twente).
- 21. Ewert, C., Vater, A., Schröder-Abé, M., (2021). Self-compassion and coping: a meta-analysis, Mindfulness, 1-15.
- 22. Akın, Ü., Akın, A., Abacı, R., (2007). Öz-duyarlık ölçeği: geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması, Hacettepe Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 33, 1-10.
- 23. Şahin, N.H., Durak, A., (1995). Stresle başa çıkma tarzları ölçeği: Üniversite öğrencileri için uyarlanması, Türk Psikoloji Dergisi, 10, 56-73.
- 24. Bluth, K., Roberson, P.N., Gaylord, S.A., Faurot, K.R., (2016). Does self-compassion protect adolescents from stress?, Journal of Child and Family Studies, 25, 1098-1109.
- 25. Werner, K.H., Jazaieri, H., Goldin, P.R., Ziv, M., (2012). Self-compassion and social anxiety disorder, Anxiety, Stress & Coping, 25, 543-558.
- 26. Hoge, E.A., Hölzel, B.K., Marques, L., Metcalf, C.A., (2013). Mindfulness and self-compassion in generalized anxiety disorder: Examining predictors of disability. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine.
- 27. Vettese, L.C., Dyer, C.E., Li, W.L., Wekerle, C., (2011). Does self-compassion mitigate the association between childhood maltreatment and later emotion regulation difficulties? A preliminary investigation, International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 9, 480-491.
- 28. Brooks, M., Kay-Lambkin, F., Bowman, J., Childs, S., (2012). Self-compassion amongst clients with problematic alcohol use. Mindfulness, 3, 308-317.
- 29. Hood, C.O., Thomson Ross, L., Wills, N., (2020). Family factors and depressive symptoms among college students: Understanding the role of self-compassion, Journal Of American College Health, 68, 683-687.
- 30. Neely, M.E., Schallert, D.L., Mohammed, S.S., Roberts, R.M., (2009). Self-kindness when facing stress: The role of self-compassion, goal regulation, and support in college students’ well-being, Motivation and Emotion, 33, 88-97.
- 31. Bibi, S., Masood, S., Ahmad, M., Bukhari, S., (2017). Effect of self-compassion on the marital adjustment of Pakistani adults, Foundation University Journal of Psychology, 52-66.
- 32. Yang, Y., Zhang, M., Kou, Y., (2016). Self-compassion and life satisfaction: The mediating role of hope. Personality and Individual Differences, 98, 91-95.
- 33. Alpat, B., (2017). Konversiyon bozukluğunda psikolojik dayanıklılığın ve başa çıkma tarzlarının etkisi, Published master thesis, İstanbul, Işık Üniversitesi Klinik Psikoloji, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.
- 34. Kessler, R.C., Walters, E.E., Forthofer, M.S., (1998). The social consequences of psychiatric disorders: III., Probability of marital stability American Journal of Psychiatry, 1092-1096.
- 35. Ayyıldız, E., Gümüş, A.B., (2019). Bipolar bozukluk tanılı bireylerin bakım verenlerinde bakım yükü ve baş etme yöntemlerinin incelenmesi, Journal of Psychiatric Nursing, 10, 277-285.
- 36. Christensen, U., Schmidt, L., Kriegbaum, M., Hougaard, C.Ø., (2006). Coping with unemployment: Does educational attainment make any difference?, Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, 34, 363-370.
- 37. Kelleci, M., Gölbaşı, Z., İnal, S., Kavakcı, Ö., (2012). Sigara içen ve içmeyen üniversite öğrencilerinin stresle başa çıkma tarzları: Cinsiyetin etkisi, CMJ, 34, 9-16.
- 38. Işıktaş, S., Karafistan, M., Dilan, A., Yılmaz, A.S., (2019). Sigara içen ve içmeyen bireylerin stresle başa çıkma tutumları açısından karşılaştırılması, Cyprus Medical Journal, 1, 102-107.
- 39. Çapık, C., Durmaz, H., Öztürk, M., (2017). Hemşirelik öğrencilerinin stresle başa çikma tarzlari ve etkileyen etmenler: Lefkoşe örneği, Anadolu Hemşirelik ve Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 20, 208-216.
- 40. Cohen, W., Wills, T.A., (1985). Stres, social support, and the buffering hypothesis, Pscyhological Bullletin, 98, 310-357.
- 41. Raffaelli, M., Andrade, F.C., Wiley, A.R., Sanchez‐Armass, O., (2013). Stress, social support, and depression: A test of the stress‐buffering hypothesis in a Mexican sample, Journal of Research on Adolescence, 23(2), 283-289.
- 42. Neff, K.D., Pisitsungkagarn, K., Hsei,h Y., (2008). Self-compassion and self-construal in the United States, Thailand, and Taiwan, Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 39, 267-285.
Toplam 42 adet kaynakça vardır.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | Türkçe |
|---|---|
| Konular | Sağlık Kurumları Yönetimi |
| Bölüm | Araştırma |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 1 Mart 2023 |
| Kabul Tarihi | 25 Ocak 2023 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2023 Cilt: 10 Sayı: 1 |
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