Araştırma Makalesi
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Sibirya Çamı (Pinus sibirica) Odununda Beyazlık İndeksi, Renk ve Parlaklık Değerleri Üzerine Doğal Yaşlandırma Etkilerinin Belirlenmesi

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 1, 11 - 22, 23.06.2023

Ümit Ayata

Öz

Dış ortam çevre şartlarının ahşap malzeme üzerinde çeşitli etkilerde bulunarak ahşaba ait yapısını değiştirdiği bilinmektedir. Her ahşap türü farklı yapısal özelliklere sahip olması ile dış ortam şartlarına karşı farklı bir direnç özelliği sergilemektedir. Bu çalışmada, 60 günlük süre boyunca Bayburt ili dış ortam çevre koşullarının Sibirya çamı (Pinus sibirica) odunu üzerinde meydana getirdiği bazı yüzey değişikleri (renk, parlaklık ve beyazlık idneksi değerleri) araştırılmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre, bütün testler için varyans analizi sonuçlarının anlamlı olarak bulunduğu belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca yaşlandırma süresinin artması ile ışıklılık (L*) değerinin azaldığı, sarı (b*) renk tonu değeri, kroma (C*) ve ho değerinin arttığı görülmüştür. Toplam renk farklılıkları ise 30. günün sonunda ΔE*: 8.65 ve 60. günün sonunda ΔE*: 7.85 olarak bulunmuştur. Buna ek olarak, Δb*, ΔH*, ΔC* ve ΔE* değerleri yaşlandırma süresinin artması ile azalmıştır. Yapılan yaşlandırma uygulamasının Sibirya çamı odunu yüzeylerinde değişikliğe sebep verdiği görülmüştür.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Doğal yaşlandırma Renk Parlaklık Beyazlık indeksi Ahşap

Kaynakça

  • Anonim, (1997b). Color Technology in the Textile Industry, 2nd ed., American Association of Textile Colorists and Chemist.
  • ASTM D 1641, (2004). Standard practice for conducting outdoor exposure test of varnishes, American Society for Testing and Materials, West Conshohocken, Pennsylvania, United States.
  • ASTM D 2244-3, (2007). Standard practice for calculation or color tolerances and color, differences from instrumentally measured color coordinates, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA.
  • ASTM E313-15e1, (2015), Standard practice for calculating yellowness and whiteness indices from instrumentally measured color coordinates, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA.
  • Ayata, Ü., (2021). Sibirya’da iç ve dış mekânlarda kullanılan Sibirya çamı odununun yüzey pürüzlülüğü parametreleri ve shore D sertlik değeri üzerine ısıl işlemin etkisi. Mobilya ve Ahşap Malzeme Araştırmaları Dergisi, 4(1), 1-8. DOI: 10.33725/mamad.911611.
  • Ayata, Ü., (2022a). Opepe (Nauclea diderrichii) ahşabında doğal yaşlandırma performansı üzerine bazı yüzey özelliklerinin araştırılması, 1. Uluslararası Güncel Akademik Çalışmalar Sempozyumu, 1-4 Aralık 2022, Abant - Bolu, Türkiye, 147-157.
  • Ayata, Ü., (2022b). Dış ortam şartlarına maruz kalmış kızılçam odunda meydana gelen bazı yüzey değişiklerinin araştırılması, Mobilya ve Ahşap Malzeme Araştırmaları Dergisi, 5(2), 83-92. DOI:10.33725/mamad.1184911.
  • Ayata, Ü., ve Can, A., (2023). Meranti red (Shorea curtisii) odununda bazı yüzey özellikleri üzerine dış ortam çevre şartlarının etkisi, Afrika 1. Uluslararası Bilimsel Araştırmalar Kongresi, 12 - 15 Ocak 2023, Kahire, 41-49.
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  • Barański, J., Klement, I., Vilkovská, T., and Konopka, A., (2017). High temperature drying process of beech wood (Fagus sylvatica L.) with different zones of sapwood and red false heartwood. BioResources, 12(1), 1861-1870. DOI: 10.15376/biores.12.1.1861-1870.
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  • Bobadilha, G. S., Stokes, E. C., Ohno, K. M., Kirker, G., Verly Lopes, D. J., and Nejad, M., (2021). Physical, Optical, and Visual Performance of Coated Cross-Laminated Timber during Natural and Artificial Weathering. Coatings, 11(2), 252. DOI: 10.3390/coatings11020252.
  • Bristow, A., (2009). Optical properties of Pulp and Paper, in: M. Ek, G. Gellerstedt, G. Henriksson (Eds.), Pulp and Paper Chemistry and Technology: Paper Products Physics and Technology, De Gruyter, Berlin, pp. 145-167.
  • Brown, R.P., (1995). Predictive techniques and models for durability tests. Polymer Testing, 14(5), 403-414. DOI: 10.1016/0142-9418(95)00006-E.
  • Creemers, J., De Meijer, M., Zimmermann, T., and Sell, J., (2002). Influence of climatic factors on the weathering of coated wood. European Journal of Wood and Wood Products, 60(6), 411-420.
  • Çamlıbel, O., ve Ayata, Ü., (2023). Ekaba (Tetraberlinia bifoliolata Haum.) ahşabında bazı yüzey özellikleri üzerine doğal yaşlandırmanın etkileri, Balkan Zirvesi 7. Uluslararası Uygulamalı Bilimler Kongresi, 3 - 5 Şubat 2023, Üsküp.
  • Demirci, S., Acar, M., Balıkcı, E., Diler, H., and Erdil, Y. Z., (2016). Comparison of some physical and mechanical properties of various heat-treated and untreated wood, IFC2016 International Furniture Congress, 13-15 October 2016, Turkey, 121-127.
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  • Dong, Y., Wang, J., Zhu, J., Jin, T., Li, J., Wang, W., and Xia, C., (2020). Surface colour and chemical changes of furfurylated poplar wood and bamboo due to artificial weathering. Wood Material Science & Engineering, 17(3), 168-175. DOI: 10.1080/17480272.2020.1830170.
  • Gonzalez de Cademartori, P. H., Missio, A. L., Dufau Mattos, B., and Gatto, D. A., (2015). Natural weathering performance of three fast-growing Eucalypt woods. Maderas. Ciencia y tecnología, 17(4), 799-808. DOI: 10.4067/S0718-221X2015005000069.
  • Goroshkevich, S. N., (2000). On the interspecific relationships of Russian Pinus species from the Cembrae group in their overlapping areas, Problems of spe-cies and speciation, 36-38
  • Gulrajani, M. L., (2010). Colour Measurement: Principles, Advances and Industrial Applications, Woodhead Publishing Limited.
  • Gürleyen, L., Tonguç, F., Ergül, H. A., ve Ayata, Ü., (2022). Eucalyptus globulus Labill. odununda doğal yaşlandırma üzerine bazı yüzey özelliklerindeki değişikliklerin belirlenmesi, Gece Kitaplığı Yayınevi, Ziraat & Orman, Su Ürünlerinde Araştırma ve Değerlendirmeler, Editör: Doç. Dr. Ümit AYATA, 277-296. ISBN: 978-625-430-565-8.
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  • Hunter R. S., (1958 & 1960). Description and Measurement of White Surfaces. Journal of the Optical Society of America, 48, 597-605 and Journal of the Optical Society of America, 50: 44.
  • ISO 2813, (1994). Paints and varnishes - determination of specular gloss of non-metallic paint films at 20 degrees, 60 degrees and 85 degrees, International Organization for Standardization, Geneva, Switzerland.
  • ISO 554, (1976). Standard atmospheres for conditioning and/or testing, International Standardization Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
  • Jankowska, A., Anders, B., and Mastyna, B., (2017). Characteristic technical properties of Siberian yellow pine (Pinus sibirica Du Tour.) wood. Sylwan, 161(9), 756-762.
  • Jankowska, A., Wójcik, A., and Jenczyk-Tołłoczko, I., (2013). Determination of thermal properties of wood of Pinus sibirica Du Tour, Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW Forestry and Wood Technology, No. 82/2013.
  • Johansson, D., (2008). Heat treatment of solid wood. effects on absorption, strength and colour. Dissertation. Luleå University of Technology, LTU Skellefteå, Division of Wood Physics, 53, 1402-1544.
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Determination of Natural Weathering Effects on Whiteness Index, Color and Glossiness Values in Siberian Pine (Pinus sibirica) Wood

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 1, 11 - 22, 23.06.2023

Ümit Ayata

Öz

It is known that outdoor environmental conditions have various effects on wood material and change the structure of wood. Each type of wood has different structural properties and exhibits a different resistance to outdoor conditions. In this study, some surface changes (colour, glossiness and whiteness index values) on Siberian pine (Pinus sibirica) wood of Bayburt province outdoor environmental conditions were investigated during a 60-day period. According to the results obtained, it was determined that the analysis of variance results for all tests were found to be significant. It was also observed that the lightness (L*) value decreased, the yellow (b*) colour value, chroma (C*) and ho values increased with increasing weathering time. Total color differences were found to be ΔE*: 8.65 at the end of the 30th day and ΔE*: 7.85 at the end of the 60th day. In addition, Δb*, ΔH*, ΔC* and ΔE* values decreased with increasing weathering time. It was observed that the aging application caused changes in the surfaces of Siberian pine wood.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Doğal yaşlandırma Renk Parlaklık Beyazlık indeksi Ahşap

Kaynakça

  • Anonim, (1997b). Color Technology in the Textile Industry, 2nd ed., American Association of Textile Colorists and Chemist.
  • ASTM D 1641, (2004). Standard practice for conducting outdoor exposure test of varnishes, American Society for Testing and Materials, West Conshohocken, Pennsylvania, United States.
  • ASTM D 2244-3, (2007). Standard practice for calculation or color tolerances and color, differences from instrumentally measured color coordinates, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA.
  • ASTM E313-15e1, (2015), Standard practice for calculating yellowness and whiteness indices from instrumentally measured color coordinates, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA.
  • Ayata, Ü., (2021). Sibirya’da iç ve dış mekânlarda kullanılan Sibirya çamı odununun yüzey pürüzlülüğü parametreleri ve shore D sertlik değeri üzerine ısıl işlemin etkisi. Mobilya ve Ahşap Malzeme Araştırmaları Dergisi, 4(1), 1-8. DOI: 10.33725/mamad.911611.
  • Ayata, Ü., (2022a). Opepe (Nauclea diderrichii) ahşabında doğal yaşlandırma performansı üzerine bazı yüzey özelliklerinin araştırılması, 1. Uluslararası Güncel Akademik Çalışmalar Sempozyumu, 1-4 Aralık 2022, Abant - Bolu, Türkiye, 147-157.
  • Ayata, Ü., (2022b). Dış ortam şartlarına maruz kalmış kızılçam odunda meydana gelen bazı yüzey değişiklerinin araştırılması, Mobilya ve Ahşap Malzeme Araştırmaları Dergisi, 5(2), 83-92. DOI:10.33725/mamad.1184911.
  • Ayata, Ü., ve Can, A., (2023). Meranti red (Shorea curtisii) odununda bazı yüzey özellikleri üzerine dış ortam çevre şartlarının etkisi, Afrika 1. Uluslararası Bilimsel Araştırmalar Kongresi, 12 - 15 Ocak 2023, Kahire, 41-49.
  • Bal, B. C., ve Ayata, Ü., (2022). Karakavak odununda renk, beyazlık indeksi ve parlaklık özellikleri üzerine doğal yaşlandırmanın etkisi, Akdeniz 8. Uluslararası Uygulamalı Bilimler Kongresi, 19-20 Kasım 2022, Girne, 305-315.
  • Barański, J., Klement, I., Vilkovská, T., and Konopka, A., (2017). High temperature drying process of beech wood (Fagus sylvatica L.) with different zones of sapwood and red false heartwood. BioResources, 12(1), 1861-1870. DOI: 10.15376/biores.12.1.1861-1870.
  • Binks, B. P., (1998). Modern aspects of emulsion science 1st Edition London Royal Society of Chemistry, 4 2-4.
  • Bobadilha, G. S., Stokes, E. C., Ohno, K. M., Kirker, G., Verly Lopes, D. J., and Nejad, M., (2021). Physical, Optical, and Visual Performance of Coated Cross-Laminated Timber during Natural and Artificial Weathering. Coatings, 11(2), 252. DOI: 10.3390/coatings11020252.
  • Bristow, A., (2009). Optical properties of Pulp and Paper, in: M. Ek, G. Gellerstedt, G. Henriksson (Eds.), Pulp and Paper Chemistry and Technology: Paper Products Physics and Technology, De Gruyter, Berlin, pp. 145-167.
  • Brown, R.P., (1995). Predictive techniques and models for durability tests. Polymer Testing, 14(5), 403-414. DOI: 10.1016/0142-9418(95)00006-E.
  • Creemers, J., De Meijer, M., Zimmermann, T., and Sell, J., (2002). Influence of climatic factors on the weathering of coated wood. European Journal of Wood and Wood Products, 60(6), 411-420.
  • Çamlıbel, O., ve Ayata, Ü., (2023). Ekaba (Tetraberlinia bifoliolata Haum.) ahşabında bazı yüzey özellikleri üzerine doğal yaşlandırmanın etkileri, Balkan Zirvesi 7. Uluslararası Uygulamalı Bilimler Kongresi, 3 - 5 Şubat 2023, Üsküp.
  • Demirci, S., Acar, M., Balıkcı, E., Diler, H., and Erdil, Y. Z., (2016). Comparison of some physical and mechanical properties of various heat-treated and untreated wood, IFC2016 International Furniture Congress, 13-15 October 2016, Turkey, 121-127.
  • DIN 5033, (1979). Deutsche Normen, Farbmessung. Normenausschuß Farbe (FNF) im DIN Deutsches Institut für Normung eV, Beuth, Berlin März.
  • Dong, Y., Wang, J., Zhu, J., Jin, T., Li, J., Wang, W., and Xia, C., (2020). Surface colour and chemical changes of furfurylated poplar wood and bamboo due to artificial weathering. Wood Material Science & Engineering, 17(3), 168-175. DOI: 10.1080/17480272.2020.1830170.
  • Gonzalez de Cademartori, P. H., Missio, A. L., Dufau Mattos, B., and Gatto, D. A., (2015). Natural weathering performance of three fast-growing Eucalypt woods. Maderas. Ciencia y tecnología, 17(4), 799-808. DOI: 10.4067/S0718-221X2015005000069.
  • Goroshkevich, S. N., (2000). On the interspecific relationships of Russian Pinus species from the Cembrae group in their overlapping areas, Problems of spe-cies and speciation, 36-38
  • Gulrajani, M. L., (2010). Colour Measurement: Principles, Advances and Industrial Applications, Woodhead Publishing Limited.
  • Gürleyen, L., Tonguç, F., Ergül, H. A., ve Ayata, Ü., (2022). Eucalyptus globulus Labill. odununda doğal yaşlandırma üzerine bazı yüzey özelliklerindeki değişikliklerin belirlenmesi, Gece Kitaplığı Yayınevi, Ziraat & Orman, Su Ürünlerinde Araştırma ve Değerlendirmeler, Editör: Doç. Dr. Ümit AYATA, 277-296. ISBN: 978-625-430-565-8.
  • Hon, D. S., (2001). Weathering and photochemistry of wood, D.S. Hon, N. Shiraishi (Eds.), Wood and Cellulosic Chemistry, Photochemistry of Wood (2nd ed.), Mercel Dekker, Basel, p. 513, (Chapter 11).
  • Hunter R. S., (1958 & 1960). Description and Measurement of White Surfaces. Journal of the Optical Society of America, 48, 597-605 and Journal of the Optical Society of America, 50: 44.
  • ISO 2813, (1994). Paints and varnishes - determination of specular gloss of non-metallic paint films at 20 degrees, 60 degrees and 85 degrees, International Organization for Standardization, Geneva, Switzerland.
  • ISO 554, (1976). Standard atmospheres for conditioning and/or testing, International Standardization Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
  • Jankowska, A., Anders, B., and Mastyna, B., (2017). Characteristic technical properties of Siberian yellow pine (Pinus sibirica Du Tour.) wood. Sylwan, 161(9), 756-762.
  • Jankowska, A., Wójcik, A., and Jenczyk-Tołłoczko, I., (2013). Determination of thermal properties of wood of Pinus sibirica Du Tour, Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW Forestry and Wood Technology, No. 82/2013.
  • Johansson, D., (2008). Heat treatment of solid wood. effects on absorption, strength and colour. Dissertation. Luleå University of Technology, LTU Skellefteå, Division of Wood Physics, 53, 1402-1544.
  • Kartal, Z. N., (2019). Borik asit ve polikaprolakton modifikasyonunun ahşabın biyolojik dayanım ve boyut stabilizasyonu ile bor yıkanmasına etkisi, Bursa Teknik Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Bursa.
  • Kerber, P.R., Stangerlin, D.N., Pariz, E., de Melo, R.R., de Souza, A.P., and Calegari, L., (2016). Colorimetry and surface roughness of three amazon woods submitted to natural weathering, Nativa, Sinop, 4(5), 303-307. DOI: 10.14583/2318-7670.v04n05a06.
  • Khutorshchikov, I. S., (1960). Bumazhnaya Promyshlennost, (1), 15.
  • Kubovský, I., Oberhofnerová, E., Kačík, F., and Pánek, M., (2018). Surface changes of selected hardwoods due to weather conditions. Forests, 9(9), 557. DOI: 10.3390/f9090557.
  • Kutz, M., (2005). Handbook of environmental degradation of materials, William Andrew Pub, Norwich.
  • Liu, R., Pang, X., and Yang, Z., (2017). Measurement of three wood materials against weathering during long natural sunlight exposure, Measurement, 102, 179-185. DOI: 10.1016/j.measurement.2017.01.034.
  • MacDougall, D. B., (2001). Principles of colour measurement for food, in: E. Kress-Rogers, C.J.B. Brimelow (Eds.), Instrumentation and Sensors for the Food Industry, Woodhead Publishing, pp. 63-84.
  • Matsuo, M., Yokoyama, M., Umemura, K., and Kawai, S., (2010). Aging of wood: Elucidation of color changes as comparison between natural aging and accelerated aging, Sustainable humanosphere: bulletin of Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, 6: 7-7.
  • Nejad, M., and Cooper, P., (2011). Exterior wood coatings. Part-1: performance of semitransparent stains on preservative-treated wood. Journal of Coatings Technology and Research, 8(4), 449-458. DOI: 10.1007/s11998-011-9332-3.
  • Nejad, M., Dadbin, M., and Cooper, P., (2019). Coating performance on exterior oil-heat treated wood. Coatings, 9(4), 225. DOI: 10.3390/coatings9040225.
  • Olorunnisola, A. O., (2018). Design of structural elements with tropical hardwoods. ISBN: 978-3-319-65342-6. ISBN: 978-3-319-65343-3 (eBook), DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-65343-3.
  • Palou, E., López-Malo, A., Barbosa-Cánovas, G. V., Welti-Chanes, J., and Swanson, B. G., (1999).
  • Polyphenoloxidase activity and color of blanched and high hydrostatic pressure treated banana puree. Journal of Food Science, 64(1), 42-45. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2621.1999.tb09857.x.
  • Pandey, K. K., (2005). Study of the effect of photo-irradiation on the surface chemistry of wood. Polymer Degradation and Stability, 90(1), 9-20. DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2005.02.009.
  • Pastore, T. C. M., Santos, K. O., and Rubim, J. C., (2004). A spectrocolorimetric study on the effect of ultraviolet irradiation of four tropical hardwoods. Bioresource Technology, 93(1), 37-42. DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2003.10.035.
  • Paterson, I., (2004). A Dictionary of Colour. Pp. 528. London, UK: Thorogood Publishing Ltd.
  • Poohphajai F., Sandak, J., Sailer, M., Rautkari, L., Belt, T., and Sandak, A., (2021). Bioinspired living coating system in service: evaluation of the wood protected with biofinish during one-year natural weathering, Coatings, 11(6), 701. DOI: 10.3390/coatings11060701.
  • Sandak, J., Sandak, A., and Riggio, M., (2015). Characterization and monitoring of surface weathering on exposed timber structures with a multi-sensor approach, International Journal of Architectural Heritage, 9(6), 674-688. DOI: 10.1080/15583058.2015.1041190.
  • Sandoval-Torres, S., Jomaa, W., Marc, F., and Puiggali, J-R., (2010). Causes of color changes in wood during drying. Forestry Studies in China, 12(4), 167-175. DOI: 10.1007/s11632-010-0404-8.
  • Santos, R. M., Botelho, G. L., and Machado, A. V., (2010). Artificial and natural weathering of ABS. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 116, 2005-2014.
  • Sarkhad, M., Ishiguri, F., Nezu, I., Tumenjargal, B., Takahashi, Y., Baasan, B., Chultem, G., Ohshima, J., and Yokota, S., (2020). Preliminary evaluation for quality of dimension lumber in four common softwoods in Mongolia. Journal of Wood Science, 66, 72. DOI:10.1186/s10086-020-01919-7.
  • Schnabel, T., Zimmer, B., and Petutschnigg, A. J., (2009). On the modelling of colour changes of wood surfaces. European Journal of Wood and Wood Products, 67, 141-149. DOI: 10.1007/s00107-008-0293-x.
  • Semechkin, I. V., Polikarpov, N. P., and Iroshnikov, A. I., (1985). Siberian pine forests of Siberia. Novosibirsk, Science: 258.
  • Shuvaev, D. N., and Ibe, A. A., (2021). Genetic structure and postglacial recolonization of Pinus sibirica Du Tour in the West Siberian Plain, inferred from nuclear microsatellite markers. Silvae Genetica, 70, 99-107. DOI: 10.2478/sg-2021-0008.
  • Söğütlü, C., ve Sönmez, A., (2006). Değişik koruyucular ile işlem görmüş bazı yerli ağaçlarda UV ışınlarının renk değiştirici etkisi. Gazi Üniversitesi, Mühendislik Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi, 21(1), 151-159.
  • Srinivas, K., and Pandey, K. K., (2012). Photodegradation of thermally modified wood. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology, 117, 140-145. DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2012.09.013.
  • Tonguç, F., Ergül, H.A., ve Ayata, Ü., (2022). Doğu çınarı (Platanus orientalis L.) odununda doğal yaşlandırma performansı, Platanus Yayın Grubu, Editör: Prof. Dr. Nilda ERSOY, Basım sayısı:1, ISBN: 978-625-8261-57-8, Bölüm Sayfaları: 595-609.
  • Trezza, T. A., and Krochta, J. M., (2001). Specular reflection, gloss, roughness and surface heterogeneity of biopolymer coatings. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 79(12), 2221-2229. DOI: 10.1002/1097-4628(20010321)79:12<2221::AID-APP1029>3.0.CO;2-F.
  • Williams, R. S., (2010). Finishing of wood. In: Wood handbook - Wood as an engineering material. pp 16-1 - 16-39, Centennial Edition. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory.
  • Wypych, G., (2003). Handbook of material weathering, 3rd edition, ChemTec Publishing, Toronto.
  • Zhang, Y.H., Ma, H.X., Qi, Y., Zhu, R.X., Li, X.W., Yu, W.J., and Rao, F., (2022). Study of the long-term degradation behavior of bamboo scrimber under natural weathering, npj Materials Degradation, 6, 63. DOI: 10.1038/s41529-022-00273-x.
  • Zwinkels, J. C., and Nöel, M., (1995). Specular gloss measurement services at the National Research Council of Canada. Surface Coatings International, 78(12), 512-516.
Toplam 62 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Mühendislik
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Ümit Ayata 0000-0002-6787-7822

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 18 Haziran 2023
Yayımlanma Tarihi 23 Haziran 2023
Gönderilme Tarihi 16 Kasım 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Cilt: 3 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Ayata, Ü. (2023). Sibirya Çamı (Pinus sibirica) Odununda Beyazlık İndeksi, Renk ve Parlaklık Değerleri Üzerine Doğal Yaşlandırma Etkilerinin Belirlenmesi. Rahva Teknik Ve Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 3(1), 11-22.
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