Öz
21. yy.’da salgın hastalıklarla mücadele tüm hızıyla devam etmektedir. Salgınların kontrol altına alınması politik düzenlemelerin yanısıra bireysel ve toplumsal önlemler ile mümkündür. Sağlık çalışanlarının, salgından etkilenen bireylere bakım ve tedavi hizmetlerini sunarken, kendilerini enfeksiyondan korumaları son derece önemlidir. Bu amaçla kullanılan kişisel koruyucu ekipman sağlık çalışanlarında alerjik kontakt dermatit, basınç yarası, hiperpigmentasyon, aşırı terleme, deride kızarıklık gibi birçok soruna neden olmaktadır. Uzun süreli kişisel koruyucu ekipmanın deriye zarar vermemesi için derinin salinli veya normal musluk suyu ile temizlenmesi, kurulanması sonrasında bariyer film gibi koruyucuların kullanımı önerilmektedir. Bu ekipmanlar çıkarıldıktan sonra eğer deride herhangi bir hasar varsa kortizonlu kremler uygulanabilir. Sağlık bakımı hizmetlerinin etkili bir şekilde sürdürülebilmesi için sağlık ekibi üyelerinin kendi sağlığını koruması gerekmektedir. Bu makalede, sağlık ekibi üyelerinin koruyucu ekipman kullanımı sırasında; dikkat edilmesi gereken noktalar, deride oluşabilecek sorunlar ve bu sorunları önlemeye yönelik stratejiler ilgili literatür ve araştırma bulguları incelenerek tartışıldı.
Anahtar Kelimeler
COVID-19 Deri sorunları Deri sağlığı Koruyucu ekipman Sağlık ekibi üyeleri
Kaynakça
- Berke C, Bryant D, Kent D, Pontieri-Lewis V. (2020). Guidelines for maintaining skin health when utilizing protective masks for prolonged time intervals. Wound Ostomy Continence Nursing, 47(4), 317-318.
- Beşer A, Topçu S. (2013). Sağlık alanında kişisel koruyucu ekipman kullanımı. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Fakültesi Elektronik Dergisi, 6(1), 241-247.
- Brown L, Munro J, Rogers S. (2019). Use of personal protective equipment in nursing practice. Nursing Standart, 34(5), 59–66. https://doi.org/10.7748/ns.2019. e11260.
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (2020). COVID-19. Erişim tarihi: 14 Kasım 2020. https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/whats-new-all.html.
- Çalışkan H. (2017). Sağlık hizmetlerinde kişisel koruyucu ekipman kullanma davranışını etkileyen faktörler. Hacettepe Sağlık İdaresi Dergisi, 20(3), 313-328.
- Darlenski R, Tsankov N. (2020). COVID-19 pandemic and the skin: what should dermatologists know?. Clinics in Dermatology, Advance Online Publication. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clindermatol.2020.03.012
- Gefen A, Ousey K. (2020). Prevention of skin damage caused by the protective equipment used to mitigate COVID-19. J Wound Care, 29(6), 311.
- Hu K, Fan J, Li X, Gou X, Li X, Zhou X. (2020). The adverse skin reactions of health care workers using personal protective equipment for COVID-19. Medicine, 99(24), e20603.
- Jiang Q, Song S, Zhou J, Liu Y, Chen A, Bai Y ve ark. (2020). The prevalence, characteristics, and prevention status of skin injury caused by personal protective equipment among medical staff in fighting COVID-19: a multicenter, cross-sectional study. Advances in Wound Care, 9(7),357-364.
- Jose S, Cyriac MC, Dhandapani, M. (2021). Health problems and skin damages caused by personal protective equipment: experience of frontline nurses caring for critical COVID-19 patients in intensive care units. Indian Journal of Critical Care Medicine, 25(2), 134.
- Kelechi TJ, Brunette G, Lee LW. (2020). Personal protective equipment–related equipment dermatitis: a view from here. Journal of Wound, Ostomy, and Continence Nursing, 2(15), 324-325.
- Lakshmi G, Meriton S, Christina M. (2016). A study on personal protective equipment use among health care providers, Tamil Nadu. International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health, 8(5),108-113.
- National Pressure Injury Advisory Panel. (NPIAP). NPIAP Position statements on preventing injury with N95 masks. Erişim tarihi: 14 Eylül 2020. https://cdn.ymaws.com/npiap.com/resource/resmgr/ position_ statements/Mask_Position_Paper_FINAL_fo.pdf.
- Padula WV, Cuddigan J, Ruotsi L, Black JM, Brienza D, Capasso V. ve ark. (2021). Bes-practices forpreventing skin injury beneath personal protective equipment during the COVID-19 pandemic: a position paper from the National Pressure Injury Advisory Panel (NPIAP). Journal of Clinical Nursing, doi.org/10.1111/jocn.15682.
- Papadatou Z, Williams H, Cooper K. (2018). Effectiveness of interventions for preventing occupational irritant hand dermatitis: a quantitative systematic review. JBI Evidence Synthesis, 16(6), 1398-1417.
- Parnham A, Copson D, Loban T. (2020). Moisture-associated skin damage: causes and an overview of assessment, classification and management. British Journal of Nursing, 29(12), 30-37. https://doi.org/10.12968/bjon.2020.29.12.S30
- Sarmasoğlu Ş, Çelik GHT, Korkmaz F. (2020). İnceleme: COVID-19 hastalığından korunmaya yönelik kişisel koruyucu ekipman kullanımı. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Fakültesi Dergisi, 7 (Özel Sayı), 47-65.
- Sohrabi C, Alsafi Z, O'Neill N, Khan M, Kerwan A, Al-Jabir A ve ark. (2020). World Health Organization Declares Global Emergency: A Review of The 2019 Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19). International Journal of Surgery (London, England), 76, 71–76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsu.2020.02.034.
- Sun P, Lu X, Xu C, Sun W, Pan B. (2020). Understanding of COVID-19 based on current evidence. Journal of Medical Virology, 92(6), 548–551.
- T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı (SB). (2020). COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2 Enfeksiyonu) Rehberi. Erişim tarihi: 10 Eylül 2020. https://COVID19.saglik.gov.tr/TR-66301/ COVID-19-rehberi.html.
- Türk Hemşireler Derneği (THD) (2020). COVID-19 Hemşire Eğitim Rehberi ve Bakım Algoritmaları. Erişim tarihi: 16 Eylül 202. http://www.thder.org.tr/COVID-19-hemsire-egitim-rehberi-ve-bakim-algoritmalari.
- Visscher MO, White CC, Jones JM, Cahill T, Jones DC, Pan BS. (2015). Face masks for noninvasive ventilation: Fit, excess skin hydration, and pressure ulcers. Journal of Respiratory Care, 60(11), 1536-1547.
- World Health Organization. (2020a). Infection prevention and control during health care when COVID-19 is suspected. Erişim tarihi: 20 Eylül 2020. https://www.who.int/publications-detail/infectionprevention-and-control-during-health-care-whennovel-coronavirus-(ncov)-infection-is-suspected20200125.
- World Health Organization (2020b). Rational use of personal protective equipment (PPE) for coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Erişim tarihi:15 Eylül 2020. https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/331498/WHO-2019-nCoV-IPCPPE_use-2020.2-eng.pdf. Yan Y, Chen H, Chen L, Cheng B, Diao P, Dong L. ve ark. (2020). Consensus of Chinese experts on protection of skin and mucous membrane barrier for health-care workers fighting against coronavirus disease 2019. Dermatologic Therapy, 33(4), e13310.
- Zhang D, Zhang J, Sun S, Gao M, Tong, A. (2018). Prevalence and risk factors of hand eczema in hospital‐based nurses in northern China. Australasian Journal of Dermatology, 59(3), e194-e197.
- Zhou Nuo-Ya,Yang Liu, Dong Li-Yun, Li Yan An, Xiang-Jie Yang, ve ark. (2020). Prevention and Treatment of Skin Damage Caused by Personal Protective Equipment: Experience of the First-Line Clinicians Treating SARS-CoV-2 Infection, International Journal of Dermatology and Venereology, (3)2, 70-75. https://doi.org/ 10.1097/JD9.0000000000000085.
Öz
In the 21st century, the fight against epidemic diseases continues at full speed. Control of epidemics is possible with individual and social measures as well as political regulations. It is extremely important for healthcare professionals to protect themselves from infection while providing care and treatment services to individuals affected by the epidemic. Personal protective equipment used for this purpose causes many problems in healthcare workers such as allergic contact dermatitis, pressure sores, hyperpigmentation, excessive sweating, and skin rash. In order to prevent long-term personal protective equipment from damaging the skin, it is recommended to clean the skin with saline or normal tap water, and to use preservatives such as barrier film after drying. After removing these equipment, cortisone creams can be applied if there is any damage to the skin. In order for the healthcare system to maintain its services effectively, healthcare team members must protect their own health. In this article, when healthcare team members use protective equipment; The points to be considered, the problems that may occur in the skin and strategies to prevent these problems were discussed by examining the relevant literature and research findings.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Covid-19 Health team members Protective equipment Skin problems Skin health.
Kaynakça
- Berke C, Bryant D, Kent D, Pontieri-Lewis V. (2020). Guidelines for maintaining skin health when utilizing protective masks for prolonged time intervals. Wound Ostomy Continence Nursing, 47(4), 317-318.
- Beşer A, Topçu S. (2013). Sağlık alanında kişisel koruyucu ekipman kullanımı. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Fakültesi Elektronik Dergisi, 6(1), 241-247.
- Brown L, Munro J, Rogers S. (2019). Use of personal protective equipment in nursing practice. Nursing Standart, 34(5), 59–66. https://doi.org/10.7748/ns.2019. e11260.
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (2020). COVID-19. Erişim tarihi: 14 Kasım 2020. https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/whats-new-all.html.
- Çalışkan H. (2017). Sağlık hizmetlerinde kişisel koruyucu ekipman kullanma davranışını etkileyen faktörler. Hacettepe Sağlık İdaresi Dergisi, 20(3), 313-328.
- Darlenski R, Tsankov N. (2020). COVID-19 pandemic and the skin: what should dermatologists know?. Clinics in Dermatology, Advance Online Publication. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clindermatol.2020.03.012
- Gefen A, Ousey K. (2020). Prevention of skin damage caused by the protective equipment used to mitigate COVID-19. J Wound Care, 29(6), 311.
- Hu K, Fan J, Li X, Gou X, Li X, Zhou X. (2020). The adverse skin reactions of health care workers using personal protective equipment for COVID-19. Medicine, 99(24), e20603.
- Jiang Q, Song S, Zhou J, Liu Y, Chen A, Bai Y ve ark. (2020). The prevalence, characteristics, and prevention status of skin injury caused by personal protective equipment among medical staff in fighting COVID-19: a multicenter, cross-sectional study. Advances in Wound Care, 9(7),357-364.
- Jose S, Cyriac MC, Dhandapani, M. (2021). Health problems and skin damages caused by personal protective equipment: experience of frontline nurses caring for critical COVID-19 patients in intensive care units. Indian Journal of Critical Care Medicine, 25(2), 134.
- Kelechi TJ, Brunette G, Lee LW. (2020). Personal protective equipment–related equipment dermatitis: a view from here. Journal of Wound, Ostomy, and Continence Nursing, 2(15), 324-325.
- Lakshmi G, Meriton S, Christina M. (2016). A study on personal protective equipment use among health care providers, Tamil Nadu. International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health, 8(5),108-113.
- National Pressure Injury Advisory Panel. (NPIAP). NPIAP Position statements on preventing injury with N95 masks. Erişim tarihi: 14 Eylül 2020. https://cdn.ymaws.com/npiap.com/resource/resmgr/ position_ statements/Mask_Position_Paper_FINAL_fo.pdf.
- Padula WV, Cuddigan J, Ruotsi L, Black JM, Brienza D, Capasso V. ve ark. (2021). Bes-practices forpreventing skin injury beneath personal protective equipment during the COVID-19 pandemic: a position paper from the National Pressure Injury Advisory Panel (NPIAP). Journal of Clinical Nursing, doi.org/10.1111/jocn.15682.
- Papadatou Z, Williams H, Cooper K. (2018). Effectiveness of interventions for preventing occupational irritant hand dermatitis: a quantitative systematic review. JBI Evidence Synthesis, 16(6), 1398-1417.
- Parnham A, Copson D, Loban T. (2020). Moisture-associated skin damage: causes and an overview of assessment, classification and management. British Journal of Nursing, 29(12), 30-37. https://doi.org/10.12968/bjon.2020.29.12.S30
- Sarmasoğlu Ş, Çelik GHT, Korkmaz F. (2020). İnceleme: COVID-19 hastalığından korunmaya yönelik kişisel koruyucu ekipman kullanımı. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Fakültesi Dergisi, 7 (Özel Sayı), 47-65.
- Sohrabi C, Alsafi Z, O'Neill N, Khan M, Kerwan A, Al-Jabir A ve ark. (2020). World Health Organization Declares Global Emergency: A Review of The 2019 Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19). International Journal of Surgery (London, England), 76, 71–76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsu.2020.02.034.
- Sun P, Lu X, Xu C, Sun W, Pan B. (2020). Understanding of COVID-19 based on current evidence. Journal of Medical Virology, 92(6), 548–551.
- T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı (SB). (2020). COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2 Enfeksiyonu) Rehberi. Erişim tarihi: 10 Eylül 2020. https://COVID19.saglik.gov.tr/TR-66301/ COVID-19-rehberi.html.
- Türk Hemşireler Derneği (THD) (2020). COVID-19 Hemşire Eğitim Rehberi ve Bakım Algoritmaları. Erişim tarihi: 16 Eylül 202. http://www.thder.org.tr/COVID-19-hemsire-egitim-rehberi-ve-bakim-algoritmalari.
- Visscher MO, White CC, Jones JM, Cahill T, Jones DC, Pan BS. (2015). Face masks for noninvasive ventilation: Fit, excess skin hydration, and pressure ulcers. Journal of Respiratory Care, 60(11), 1536-1547.
- World Health Organization. (2020a). Infection prevention and control during health care when COVID-19 is suspected. Erişim tarihi: 20 Eylül 2020. https://www.who.int/publications-detail/infectionprevention-and-control-during-health-care-whennovel-coronavirus-(ncov)-infection-is-suspected20200125.
- World Health Organization (2020b). Rational use of personal protective equipment (PPE) for coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Erişim tarihi:15 Eylül 2020. https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/331498/WHO-2019-nCoV-IPCPPE_use-2020.2-eng.pdf. Yan Y, Chen H, Chen L, Cheng B, Diao P, Dong L. ve ark. (2020). Consensus of Chinese experts on protection of skin and mucous membrane barrier for health-care workers fighting against coronavirus disease 2019. Dermatologic Therapy, 33(4), e13310.
- Zhang D, Zhang J, Sun S, Gao M, Tong, A. (2018). Prevalence and risk factors of hand eczema in hospital‐based nurses in northern China. Australasian Journal of Dermatology, 59(3), e194-e197.
- Zhou Nuo-Ya,Yang Liu, Dong Li-Yun, Li Yan An, Xiang-Jie Yang, ve ark. (2020). Prevention and Treatment of Skin Damage Caused by Personal Protective Equipment: Experience of the First-Line Clinicians Treating SARS-CoV-2 Infection, International Journal of Dermatology and Venereology, (3)2, 70-75. https://doi.org/ 10.1097/JD9.0000000000000085.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | Türkçe |
|---|---|
| Konular | Hemşirelik |
| Bölüm | Derleme |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 26 Aralık 2021 |
| Gönderilme Tarihi | 17 Aralık 2020 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2021 Cilt: 4 Sayı: 3 |
