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Bilecik Şeyh Edebali Üniversitesi Kampüs Topraklarının Bazı Fiziko-Kimyasal ve Mekaniksel Özellikleri ve İşlenebilirlikleri

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 36 Sayı: 1, 146 - 161, 15.02.2021
https://doi.org/10.7161/omuanajas.845696

Öz

Bu çalışmada, Bilecik Şeyh Edebali Üniversitesi Kampüs alanında yer alan toprak serilerinin bazı fiziko-kimyasal ve mekaniksel özellikleri ve işlenebilirlikleri için uygun nem düzeyleri belirlenmiştir. Gülümbe ve Aşağıköy toprak serilerinden 0-20 cm derinlikten 20 farklı noktadan toprak örnekleri alınmıştır. Gülümbe serisindeki topraklar killi (C) ve killi tın (CL) bünyeli, ortalama hacim ağırlığı 1.05 g cm-3, doygun hidrolik iletkenlik değeri 0.66 cm h-1, hafif alkalin (pH=7.74), orta düzeyde organik madde (%2.01), yüksek düzeyde kireç (%17.08), yetersiz düzeyde elverisli fosfor (1.92 kg P2O5 da-1), yeterli düzeyde elverişli potasyum (88.54 kg K2O da-1), katyon değişim kapasitesi 37.71 cmol kg-1, yetersiz düzeyde elverişli Fe (2.35 mg kg-1) ve Mn (5.18 mg kg-1), yeterli düzeyde elverişli Zn (1.81 mg kg-1) ve Cu (1.00 mg kg-1) içermektedir. Aşağıköy serisindeki topraklar tınlı (L) ve kumlu killi tın (SCL) tekstürlü, ortalama hacim ağırlığı 1.31 g cm-3, doygun hidrolik iletkenlik değeri 2.32 cm h-1, hafif alkalin (pH=7.74), düşük düzeyde organik madde (1.81%), orta düzeyde kireç (6.75%), yüksek düzeyde elverişli fosfor (18.76 kg P2O5 da-1), yeterli düzeyde elverişli potasyum (133.94 kg K2O da-1), katyon değişim kapasitesi 25.26 cmol kg-1, yeterli düzeyde elverişli Fe (5.67 mg kg-1) ve Cu (2.57 mg kg-1), yetersiz düzeyde elverişli Mn (3.21 mg kg-1) ve Zn (0.66 mg kg-1) içermektedir. En yüksek likit limit (LL) (%68.17) ve plastik limit (PL) (%31.49) değerleri en yüksek kil içeriğine sahip olan Gülümbe serisinde belirlenirken, en düşük LL (%46.50) ve PL (%24.80) değerleri en düşük kil içeriğine sahip olan Aşağıköy serisinde belirlenmiştir. Gülümbe and Aşağıköy serilerinde toprakların plastiklik indeksi (PI) sırasıyla %32.73 - 40.26 arasında olup ortalama %36.17 ve %21.70 - 28.0 arasında olup ortalama %24.73’tür. LL ve PI değerlerine göre, Gülümbe serisine ait topraklar “fazla plastik inorganik killer” grubuna ve Aşağıköy serisine ait topraklar ise “orta derecede plastik inorganik killer” grubunda sınıflandırılmıştır. Toprakların LL değerleri kil (0.88**), kum (-0.71*), PL (0.75**), PI (0.89**), kıvam ideksi (0.57*), organik madde (0.62*), katyon değişim kapasitesi (0.75**), elverişli potasyum (0.54*) ile önemli korelasyonlar göstermiştir. Gülümbe ve Aşağıköy serilerindeki toprakların optimum işlenmeleri için en uygun nem düzeyinin üst ve alt sınırı sırasıyla %29.15 - 23.50 ve %24.95 - 21.24 olarak belirlenmiştir. Bilecik Şeyh Edebali Üniversitesi Kampüs alanındaki toprakların kıvam indeksi değerlerinin 0.75 ile 1.00 arasında olması nedeniyle toprak strüktüründe bozulmalara neden olmadan tarla kapasitesindeki nem düzeylerinde işlenmelerinin uygun olacağı belirlenmiştir.

Kaynakça

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Some Physico-Chemical and Mechanical Properties and Workability of Bilecik Şeyh Edebali University Campus Soils

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 36 Sayı: 1, 146 - 161, 15.02.2021
https://doi.org/10.7161/omuanajas.845696

Öz

In this study, some physico-chemical and mechanical properties and appropriate moisture levels for workability of soil series in Bilecik Şeyh Edebali University Campus area in Turkey were determined. Soil samples were taken from 0 - 20 cm depth of 20 different points in Gülümbe and Aşağıköy series. Soils in the Gülümbe were clay (C) and clay loam (CL) in texture with a mean bulk density of 1.05 g cm-3, saturated hydraulic conductivity of 0.66 cm h-1, slightly alkaline (pH=7.74), medium soil organic matter (SOM) (2.01%), high lime (17.08%), insufficient available phosphorus (1.92 kg P2O5 da-1), sufficient available potassium (88.54 kg K2O da-1), cation exchange capacity (CEC) of 37.71 cmol kg-1, insufficient available Fe (2.35 mg kg-1) and available Mn (5.18 mg kg-1), sufficient available Zn (1.81 mg kg-1) and available Cu (1.00 mg kg-1) contents. Soils in the Aşağıköy were loamy (L) and sand-clay-loam (SCL) in texture with a bulk density of 1.31 g cm-3, saturated hydraulic conductivity of 2.32 cm h-1, slightly alkaline (pH=7.74), low organic matter (1.81%), medium lime (6.75%), high available phosphorus (18.76 kg P2O5 da-1), sufficient available potassium (133.94 kg K2O da-1), CEC of 25.26 cmol kg-1, sufficient available Fe (5.67 mg kg-1) and available Cu (2.57 mg kg-1), insufficient available Mn (3.21 mg kg-1) and available Zn (0.66 mg kg-1) contents. While the highest liquid limit (LL) (68.17%) and plastic limit (PL) (31.49%) values were determined in Gülümbe series with the highest clay content and the lowest LL (46.50%) and PL (24.80%) values were in Aşağıköy series with the lowest clay content. Plasticity index (PI) of the soils in Gülümbe and Aşağıköy series respectively varied between 32.73 - 40.26% with a mean of 36.17% and between 21.70 - 28.0% with a mean of 24.73%. Based on LL and PI values, Gülümbe soils were classified as “highly plastic inorganic clays” and Aşağıköy soils were classified as “moderately plastic inorganic clays”. LL values of the soils had significant correlations with clay (0.88**), sand (-0.71*), PL (0.75**), PI (0.89**), consistency index (0.57*), SOM (0.62*), CEC (0.75**) and available K2O (0.54*). The upper and lower moisture limits for optimum tillage were recommended as 29.15 - 23.50% for Gülümbe series and as 24.95 - 21.24% for Aşağıköy series. It was concluded that campus soils could be cultivated at field capacity without any structural deformations because of the consistency index values were between 0.75 - 1.00.

Teşekkür

The authors would like to thank the Soil Fertilizer and Water Resources Central Research Institute and Prof. Dr. Abdullah Baran and Çağla Temiz (PhD student) of Ankara University Agricultural Faculty for providing the facilities and working environment for this study.

Kaynakça

  • Ahuja, L.R., Naney, J.W., Green, R.E., Nielsen, D.R., 1984. Macroporosity to characterize spatial variability of hydraulic conductivity and effects of land management. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 48: 699-702. https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj198 4.03615995004800040001x.
  • Atanur, A., 1973. Kireç stabilizasyonu ve yol yapımındaki tatbikatı. Bayın. Bak. Karayolları G.M. Yayın No: 208. Bahtiyar, M., 1996. Yerleşim Yeri Katı Atıklarının Tarımda Değerlendirmesi. Trakya`da Sanayileşme ve Çevre Sempozyumu, Çorlu, 3-6 Ocak 1996, s. 384-390.
  • Ball, B.C., Campbell, D.J., Hunter, E.A., 2000. Soil compactibility in relation to physical and organic properties at 156 sites in UK. Soil Tillage Research 57, 83–91.
  • Baumgartl, T., 2002. Atterberg Limits. Encyc. of Soil Sci. Marcel Dekker Inc. pp:89-93.
  • Berry, W., Ketterings, Q., Antes, S., Page, S., Russell Anelli, J., Rao, R., DeGloria, S., 2007. Soil Texture. Agronomy Fact Sheet Series, Fact Sheet 29. Cornell University Cooperative Extension. Available at [Access date: 19.08.2018]: http://nmsp.cals.cornell.edu/publications/factsheets/factsheet29.pdf.
  • Black, C.A., 1965. Methods of soil analysis. Part 1. Physical and mineralogical properties, including statistics of measurement and sampling, Agronomy Monograph 9.1, American Society of Agronomy (ASA), Soil Science Society of America Journal, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
  • Bradl, H.B., 2004. Adsorption of heavy metal ions on soils and soils constituents, Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 277(1): 1-18.
  • Brady, N.C., 1990. The nature and properties of soils, Macmillan Publishing Company Incorporated.
  • Buczko, U., Bens, O., 2006. Assessing soil hydrophobicity and its variability through the soil profile using two different methods. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 70: 718-727.
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  • Canasveras, J.C., Barron, V., Del Campillo, M.C., Torrent, J., Gomez, J.A., 2010. Estimation of aggregate stability indices in Mediterranean soils by diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. Geoderma, 158: 78-84.
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  • Jumikis, A.R., 1984. Soil Mechanics. Robert E. Krieger Publishing Company, Inc., Malabar, Florida.
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  • Kemper, W.D., Rosenau, R.C., 1986. Aggregate stability and size distribution In: Methods of Soil Analysis, 2nd Edn. Part I. (Ed.: A. Klute) ASA, Madison, WI. p. 425-442.
  • Kezdi, A., 1969. Handbuch der Bodenmechanik. Band 1, Bodenphysik, 259 pp., Band 3, Bodenmechanisches Versuchswesen, 1st edn. Berlin/Kiado Budapest: VEB Verlag für Bauwesen, p. 274.
  • Krull, E.S., Baldock, J.A., Skjemstad, J.O., 2003. Importance of mechanisms and processes of the stabilization of soil organic matter for modelling carbon turnover. Functional Plant Biology 30, 207-222.
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  • Lindsay, W.L., Norwell, W.A., 1969. Development of DTPA Soil Test for Zinc, Iron, Manganese and Copper. Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. Proc., 33: 49-54.
  • Mbagwu, J.S.C., Abeh, O.G., 1998. Prediction of Engineering Properties of Tropical Soils Using Intrinsic Pedological Parameters. Soil Sci., 163(2): 93-102.
  • Sönmez, K., Öztaş, T. 1988. Iğdır Ovası Yüzey Topraklarının Bazı Fiziksel ve Kimyasal Özellikleri İle Mekaniksel Özellikleri Mekaniksel Özellikleri Arasındaki İlişkiler. Atatürk Üni. Ziraat Fak. Dergisi, 19(1-4): 145-153.
  • Mueller, L., Schindler, U., Fausey, N.R., Lal, R., 2003. Comparison of methods for estimating maximum soil water content for optimum workability. Soil Till. Res. 72: 9-20.
  • Munsuz, N., 1985. Toprak mekaniği ve teknolojisi. Ankara Üniversitesi, Ziraat Fak. Yayınları: 922, Ders Kitabı:260, Ankara.
  • Niewczas, J., Witkowska-Walczak, B., 2003. Index of soil aggregate stability as linear function value of transition matrix elements. Soil Till. Res. 70 (2): 121-130.
  • Nyéki, A., Milics, G., Kovács, A.J., Neményi, M., 2017. Effects of Soil Compaction on Cereal Yield. Cereal Research Communications, 45(1):1-22.
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  • December 1993, Christchurch, New Zealand. Royal Society of New Zealand, Wellington.
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  • Tümsavaş, Z., 2003. Bursa İli Vertisol büyük toprak grubu topraklarının verimlilik durumlarının toprak analizleriyle belirlenmesi. Uludağ Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi 17(2): 9-21.
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  • Ülgen, N., Yurtsever, N., 1995. Türkiye Gübre ve Gübreleme Rehberi (4. Baskı). T.C. Başbakanlık Köy Hizmetleri Genel Müdürlüğü Toprak ve Gübre Araştırma Enstitüsü Müdürlüğü Yayınları, Genel Yayın No: 209, Teknik Yayınlar No: T.66, s.230, Ankara.
Toplam 79 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm Anadolu Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi
Yazarlar

Zeynep Demir 0000-0002-7589-3216

Zeki Mut 0000-0003-0429-3325

Hanife Mut 0000-0002-5814-5275

Erdem Gülümser 0000-0001-6291-3831

Yayımlanma Tarihi 15 Şubat 2021
Kabul Tarihi 30 Aralık 2020
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2021 Cilt: 36 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Demir, Z., Mut, Z., Mut, H., Gülümser, E. (2021). Some Physico-Chemical and Mechanical Properties and Workability of Bilecik Şeyh Edebali University Campus Soils. Anadolu Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi, 36(1), 146-161. https://doi.org/10.7161/omuanajas.845696
AMA Demir Z, Mut Z, Mut H, Gülümser E. Some Physico-Chemical and Mechanical Properties and Workability of Bilecik Şeyh Edebali University Campus Soils. ANAJAS. Şubat 2021;36(1):146-161. doi:10.7161/omuanajas.845696
Chicago Demir, Zeynep, Zeki Mut, Hanife Mut, ve Erdem Gülümser. “Some Physico-Chemical and Mechanical Properties and Workability of Bilecik Şeyh Edebali University Campus Soils”. Anadolu Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi 36, sy. 1 (Şubat 2021): 146-61. https://doi.org/10.7161/omuanajas.845696.
EndNote Demir Z, Mut Z, Mut H, Gülümser E (01 Şubat 2021) Some Physico-Chemical and Mechanical Properties and Workability of Bilecik Şeyh Edebali University Campus Soils. Anadolu Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi 36 1 146–161.
IEEE Z. Demir, Z. Mut, H. Mut, ve E. Gülümser, “Some Physico-Chemical and Mechanical Properties and Workability of Bilecik Şeyh Edebali University Campus Soils”, ANAJAS, c. 36, sy. 1, ss. 146–161, 2021, doi: 10.7161/omuanajas.845696.
ISNAD Demir, Zeynep vd. “Some Physico-Chemical and Mechanical Properties and Workability of Bilecik Şeyh Edebali University Campus Soils”. Anadolu Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi 36/1 (Şubat 2021), 146-161. https://doi.org/10.7161/omuanajas.845696.
JAMA Demir Z, Mut Z, Mut H, Gülümser E. Some Physico-Chemical and Mechanical Properties and Workability of Bilecik Şeyh Edebali University Campus Soils. ANAJAS. 2021;36:146–161.
MLA Demir, Zeynep vd. “Some Physico-Chemical and Mechanical Properties and Workability of Bilecik Şeyh Edebali University Campus Soils”. Anadolu Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi, c. 36, sy. 1, 2021, ss. 146-61, doi:10.7161/omuanajas.845696.
Vancouver Demir Z, Mut Z, Mut H, Gülümser E. Some Physico-Chemical and Mechanical Properties and Workability of Bilecik Şeyh Edebali University Campus Soils. ANAJAS. 2021;36(1):146-61.
Online ISSN: 1308-8769