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İnşaat Sektöründe Yalın İnşaatın ve Yapı Bilgi Modellemesinin Birlikte Kullanılmasının Atıklara Etkisi

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 3, 2023 - 2033, 04.12.2023

İbrahim Karataş Abdülkadir Budak

https://doi.org/10.47495/okufbed.1184055

Öz

İnşaat sektöründe her yapının kendine has özellikleri nedeniyle farklı üretim kaynakları kullanılmaktadır. Bu nedenle inşaat sektöründe çok fazla israf oluşmaktadır. Günümüzde israf türlerinin önlenmesi için Yalın inşaat ve BIM sistemi gibi yaklaşımlar kullanılmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı Yalın inşaat ve BIM sisteminin birlikte kullanılması durumunun israf türlerine etkisinin irdelenmesidir. Literatüre göre belirlenen israf türleri Yalın ve BIM konusunda bilgi sahibi ve/veya deneyimli kişilere anket uygulanmıştır. Elde edilen veriler RII analizi kullanılarak bu sistemlerin israf türlerine etkisi belirlenmiştir. Buna göre Yalın inşaat ve BIM sistemi kullanılması durumunda şantiyelerde, tüm israf türlerinin RII değeri 0,80’den daha büyük bulunmuştur. Ancak en çok azalan israf türleri sırasıyla fazla stoklamadan kaynaklı, gereksiz taşıma/aktarma ve hatalı/kusurlu üretim israflarıdır. Bu çalışmanın inşaat yönetimine, Yalın inşaat ve BIM sistemi ile ilgili konularda çalışan özel sektör ve akademik camiaya israf değerlendirilmesi ve azaltılması hususunda bir temel oluşturacağı öngörülmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Yalın İnşaat BIM sistemi İnşaat Yönetimi İsraf Türleri Yalın-BIM Entegrasyonu

Destekleyen Kurum

Osmaniye Korkut Ata Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Birimi

Proje Numarası

OKÜBAP-2022-PT2-008

Teşekkür

Osmaniye Korkut Ata Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Birimine desteği için teşekkür ederiz.

Kaynakça

  • Aravindh MD., Nakkeeran G., Krishnaraj L., Arivusudar N. Evaluation and optimization of lean waste in construction industry. Asian Journal of Civil Engineering 2022; 23(5): 741–752. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42107-022-00453-9
  • Arayici Y., Coates P. A System Engineering Perspective to Knowledge Transfer: A Case Study Approach of BIM Adoption. Virtual Reality- Human Computer Interaction 2012; 2006: 179–206. https://doi.org/10.5772/51052
  • Azhar S. Building Information Modeling (BIM): Trends, Benefits, Risks, and Challenges for the AEC Industry. Leadership and Management in Engineering 2011; 11(3): 241–252. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)LM.1943-5630.0000127
  • Azhar S., Khalfan M., Maqsood T. Building Information Modeling (BIM): Now and beyond. Australasian Journal of Construction Economics 2012; 12(4): 15–28.
  • Bajjou MS., Chafi A. Identifying and Managing Critical Waste Factors for Lean Construction Projects. Engineering Management Journal 2020; 32(1): 2–13. https://doi.org/10.1080/10429247.2019.1656479
  • Bajjou MS., Chafi A. Exploring the critical waste factors affecting construction projects. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management 2022; 29(6): 2268–2299. https://doi.org/10.1108/ECAM-12-2020-1097
  • Bayhan HG., Demirkesen S., Zhang C., Tezel A. A lean construction and BIM interaction model for the construction industry. Production Planning ve Control 2022; 1–28. https://doi.org/10.1080/09537287.2021.2019342
  • Borrmann A., König M., Koch C., Beetz J. Building Information Modeling. Springer International Publishing 2018. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-92862-3
  • Bryde D., Broquetas M., Volm JM. The project benefits of Building Information Modelling (BIM). International Journal of Project Management 2013; 31(7): 971–980. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijproman.2012.12.001
  • Budak A., Karatas I. Danışmanın, Tasarım Öncesi, Tasarım ve Yapım Öncesi Aşamalarında BIM Sistemindeki Rolünün Literatür Kapsamında İncelenmesi. Osmaniye Korkut Ata Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi 2019; 2(1): 89–96.
  • Buzby CM., Gerstenfeld A., Voss LE., Zeng AZ. Using lean principles to streamline the quotation process: a case study. Industrial Management ve Data Systems 2002; 102(9): 513–520. https://doi.org/10.1108/02635570210450190
  • Christian J., Hachey D. Effects of Delay Times on Production Rates in Construction. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management 1995; 121(1): 20–26. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9364(1995)121:1(20)
  • Cronbach LJ. Coefficient Alpha and The Internal Structure of Tests. Psychometrika 1951; 16(3).
  • Da Silva EN., Brasil de Brito Mello LC., Pinto GO. Challenges for lean construction adoption in the Brazilian industry: a study in construction companies, universities and class organizations. Construction Innovation 2022; Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1108/CI-08-2021-0148
  • Dave B., Koskela L., Kiviniemi A., Tzortzopoulos P., Owen R. Implementing lean in construction: Lean construction and BIM. Queensland University of Technology 2013.
  • Dixit S. Analysing Enabling Factors Affecting the On-site Productivity in Indian Construction Industry. Periodica Polytechnica Architecture 2018; 49(2): 185–193. https://doi.org/10.3311/PPar.12710
  • Eastman C., Teicholz P., Sacks R., Liston K. BIM handbook: A guide to building information modeling for owners, managers, designers, engineers, and contractors. Wiley 2008.
  • Erol H., Dikmen I., Birgonul T. Measuring the impact of lean construction practices on project duration and variability: A simulation-based study on residential buildings. Journal of Civil Engineering and Management 2016; 23(2): 241–251. https://doi.org/10.3846/13923730.2015.1068846
  • Heigermoser D., García de Soto B., Abbott ELS., Chua DKH. BIM-based Last Planner System tool for improving construction project management. Automation in Construction 2019; 104: 246–254. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2019.03.019
  • Holweg M. The genealogy of lean production. Journal of Operations Management 2007; 25(2): 420–437. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jom.2006.04.001
  • Horman MJ., Kenley R. Quantifying Levels of Wasted Time in Construction with Meta-Analysis. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management 2005; 131(1): 52–61. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9364(2005)131:1(52)
  • Hossain MA., Bissenova A., Kim JR. Investigation of Wasteful Activities Using Lean Methodology: In Perspective of Kazakhstan’s Construction Industry. Buildings 2019; 9(5): 113. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings9050113
  • Igwe C., Hammad A., Nasiri F. Influence of lean construction wastes on the transformation-flow-value process of construction. International Journal of Construction Management 2020; 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1080/15623599.2020.1812153
  • Innella F., Arashpour M., Bai Y. Lean Methodologies and Techniques for Modular Construction: Chronological and Critical Review. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management 2019; 145(12): 4019076. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CO.1943-7862.0001712
  • Khanh HD., Kim SY. Identifying causes for waste factors in high-rise building projects: A survey in Vietnam. KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering 2014; 18(4): 865–874. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-014-1327-z
  • Khanzode A., Fischer M., Reed D., Ballard G. A Guide to Applying the Principles of Virtual Design ve Construction (VDC) to the Lean Project Delivery Process. Stanford University. CIFE Center for Integrated Facility Engineering 2006.
  • Koskela L. Application of the new production philosophy to construction. Stanford: Stanford University 1992.
  • Koskela L. An exploration towards a production theory and its application to construction. VTT-publications 2000; 408. Technical Research Centre of Finland.
  • Kruskal WH., Wallis WA. Use of ranks in one-criterion variance analysis. Journal of the American Statistical Association 1952; 47(260), 583–621.
  • Nunnally, JC. Psychometric Theory (2nd edition). New York: McGraw 1978.
  • Ohno T. Toyota Production System: Beyond Large-Scale Production. Productivity Press 1988.
  • Sacks R., Koskela L., Dave B. A., Owen R. Interaction of Lean and Building Information Modeling in Construction. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management 2010; 136(9): 968–980. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CO.1943-7862.0000203
  • Schimanski CP., Marcher C., Monizza GP., Matt DT. The Last Planner® System and Building Information Modeling in Construction Execution: From an Integrative Review to a Conceptual Model for Integration. Applied Sciences 2020; 10(3): 821. https://doi.org/10.3390/app10030821
  • Sepasgozar SME., Hui FKP., Shirowzhan S., Foroozanfar M., Yang L., Aye L. Lean Practices Using Building Information Modeling (BIM) and Digital Twinning for Sustainable Construction. Sustainability 2021; 13(1): 161. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13010161
  • Shapiro SS., Wilk MB. An Analysis of Variance Test for Normality (Complete Samples). Biometrika 1965; 52(3/4): 591–611.
  • Sun C., Jiang S., Skibniewski MJ., Man Q., Shen L. A Literature Review of The Factors Limiting The Application of BIM in The Construction Industry. Technological and Economic Development of Economy 2017; 23(5): 764–779. https://doi.org/10.3846/20294913.2015.1087071
  • Tezel A., Koskela L., Aziz Z. Lean thinking in the highways construction sector: motivation, implementation and barriers. Production Planning ve Control 2018; 29(3): 247–269. https://doi.org/10.1080/09537287.2017.1412522
  • Tzortzopoulos P., Koskela L., Kagioglou M. Lean Construction: Core Concepts and New Frontiers. Routledge 2020.
  • Xing W., Hao JL., Qian L., Tam VW., Sikora KS. Implementing lean construction techniques and management methods in Chinese projects: A case study in Suzhou, China. Journal of Cleaner Production 2021; 286: 124944. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.124944
  • Yazici B., Yolacan S. A comparison of various tests of normality. Journal OfStatistical Computation and Simulation 2007, 77(2): 175–183.
  • Zhang X., Azhar S., Nadeem A., Khalfan M. Using Building Information Modelling to achieve Lean principles by improving efficiency of work teams. International Journal of Construction Management 2018; 18(4): 293–300. https://doi.org/10.1080/15623599.2017.1382083

The Effect of Using Lean Construction and BIM System Together on Waste in the Construction Industry

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 3, 2023 - 2033, 04.12.2023

İbrahim Karataş Abdülkadir Budak

https://doi.org/10.47495/okufbed.1184055

Öz

Different production resources are used in the construction industry due to the unique characteristics of each building. For this reason, a lot of waste occurs in the construction industry. Today, approaches such as Lean construction and BIM system are used to prevent waste types. The aim of this study is to examine the effects of using Lean construction and BIM system together on waste types. Waste types determined according to the literature were surveyed by people who have knowledge and/or experience in Lean and BIM. Using the obtained data, the effect of these systems on waste types was determined through RII analysis. Accordingly, in case of using Lean construction and BIM system, the RII value of all waste types was found to be greater than 0.80 at the construction sites. However, the most decreasing waste types are the unnecessary transportation/transfer by overstocking caused and defect/faulty production wastes, respectively. It is foreseen that this study will provide a basis for the evaluation and reduction of waste for the private sector and academic community working on issues related to construction management, Lean construction and BIM system.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Lean Construction BIM System Construction Management Waste Type Lean-BIM Integration

Proje Numarası

OKÜBAP-2022-PT2-008

Kaynakça

  • Aravindh MD., Nakkeeran G., Krishnaraj L., Arivusudar N. Evaluation and optimization of lean waste in construction industry. Asian Journal of Civil Engineering 2022; 23(5): 741–752. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42107-022-00453-9
  • Arayici Y., Coates P. A System Engineering Perspective to Knowledge Transfer: A Case Study Approach of BIM Adoption. Virtual Reality- Human Computer Interaction 2012; 2006: 179–206. https://doi.org/10.5772/51052
  • Azhar S. Building Information Modeling (BIM): Trends, Benefits, Risks, and Challenges for the AEC Industry. Leadership and Management in Engineering 2011; 11(3): 241–252. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)LM.1943-5630.0000127
  • Azhar S., Khalfan M., Maqsood T. Building Information Modeling (BIM): Now and beyond. Australasian Journal of Construction Economics 2012; 12(4): 15–28.
  • Bajjou MS., Chafi A. Identifying and Managing Critical Waste Factors for Lean Construction Projects. Engineering Management Journal 2020; 32(1): 2–13. https://doi.org/10.1080/10429247.2019.1656479
  • Bajjou MS., Chafi A. Exploring the critical waste factors affecting construction projects. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management 2022; 29(6): 2268–2299. https://doi.org/10.1108/ECAM-12-2020-1097
  • Bayhan HG., Demirkesen S., Zhang C., Tezel A. A lean construction and BIM interaction model for the construction industry. Production Planning ve Control 2022; 1–28. https://doi.org/10.1080/09537287.2021.2019342
  • Borrmann A., König M., Koch C., Beetz J. Building Information Modeling. Springer International Publishing 2018. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-92862-3
  • Bryde D., Broquetas M., Volm JM. The project benefits of Building Information Modelling (BIM). International Journal of Project Management 2013; 31(7): 971–980. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijproman.2012.12.001
  • Budak A., Karatas I. Danışmanın, Tasarım Öncesi, Tasarım ve Yapım Öncesi Aşamalarında BIM Sistemindeki Rolünün Literatür Kapsamında İncelenmesi. Osmaniye Korkut Ata Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi 2019; 2(1): 89–96.
  • Buzby CM., Gerstenfeld A., Voss LE., Zeng AZ. Using lean principles to streamline the quotation process: a case study. Industrial Management ve Data Systems 2002; 102(9): 513–520. https://doi.org/10.1108/02635570210450190
  • Christian J., Hachey D. Effects of Delay Times on Production Rates in Construction. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management 1995; 121(1): 20–26. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9364(1995)121:1(20)
  • Cronbach LJ. Coefficient Alpha and The Internal Structure of Tests. Psychometrika 1951; 16(3).
  • Da Silva EN., Brasil de Brito Mello LC., Pinto GO. Challenges for lean construction adoption in the Brazilian industry: a study in construction companies, universities and class organizations. Construction Innovation 2022; Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1108/CI-08-2021-0148
  • Dave B., Koskela L., Kiviniemi A., Tzortzopoulos P., Owen R. Implementing lean in construction: Lean construction and BIM. Queensland University of Technology 2013.
  • Dixit S. Analysing Enabling Factors Affecting the On-site Productivity in Indian Construction Industry. Periodica Polytechnica Architecture 2018; 49(2): 185–193. https://doi.org/10.3311/PPar.12710
  • Eastman C., Teicholz P., Sacks R., Liston K. BIM handbook: A guide to building information modeling for owners, managers, designers, engineers, and contractors. Wiley 2008.
  • Erol H., Dikmen I., Birgonul T. Measuring the impact of lean construction practices on project duration and variability: A simulation-based study on residential buildings. Journal of Civil Engineering and Management 2016; 23(2): 241–251. https://doi.org/10.3846/13923730.2015.1068846
  • Heigermoser D., García de Soto B., Abbott ELS., Chua DKH. BIM-based Last Planner System tool for improving construction project management. Automation in Construction 2019; 104: 246–254. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2019.03.019
  • Holweg M. The genealogy of lean production. Journal of Operations Management 2007; 25(2): 420–437. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jom.2006.04.001
  • Horman MJ., Kenley R. Quantifying Levels of Wasted Time in Construction with Meta-Analysis. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management 2005; 131(1): 52–61. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9364(2005)131:1(52)
  • Hossain MA., Bissenova A., Kim JR. Investigation of Wasteful Activities Using Lean Methodology: In Perspective of Kazakhstan’s Construction Industry. Buildings 2019; 9(5): 113. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings9050113
  • Igwe C., Hammad A., Nasiri F. Influence of lean construction wastes on the transformation-flow-value process of construction. International Journal of Construction Management 2020; 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1080/15623599.2020.1812153
  • Innella F., Arashpour M., Bai Y. Lean Methodologies and Techniques for Modular Construction: Chronological and Critical Review. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management 2019; 145(12): 4019076. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CO.1943-7862.0001712
  • Khanh HD., Kim SY. Identifying causes for waste factors in high-rise building projects: A survey in Vietnam. KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering 2014; 18(4): 865–874. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-014-1327-z
  • Khanzode A., Fischer M., Reed D., Ballard G. A Guide to Applying the Principles of Virtual Design ve Construction (VDC) to the Lean Project Delivery Process. Stanford University. CIFE Center for Integrated Facility Engineering 2006.
  • Koskela L. Application of the new production philosophy to construction. Stanford: Stanford University 1992.
  • Koskela L. An exploration towards a production theory and its application to construction. VTT-publications 2000; 408. Technical Research Centre of Finland.
  • Kruskal WH., Wallis WA. Use of ranks in one-criterion variance analysis. Journal of the American Statistical Association 1952; 47(260), 583–621.
  • Nunnally, JC. Psychometric Theory (2nd edition). New York: McGraw 1978.
  • Ohno T. Toyota Production System: Beyond Large-Scale Production. Productivity Press 1988.
  • Sacks R., Koskela L., Dave B. A., Owen R. Interaction of Lean and Building Information Modeling in Construction. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management 2010; 136(9): 968–980. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CO.1943-7862.0000203
  • Schimanski CP., Marcher C., Monizza GP., Matt DT. The Last Planner® System and Building Information Modeling in Construction Execution: From an Integrative Review to a Conceptual Model for Integration. Applied Sciences 2020; 10(3): 821. https://doi.org/10.3390/app10030821
  • Sepasgozar SME., Hui FKP., Shirowzhan S., Foroozanfar M., Yang L., Aye L. Lean Practices Using Building Information Modeling (BIM) and Digital Twinning for Sustainable Construction. Sustainability 2021; 13(1): 161. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13010161
  • Shapiro SS., Wilk MB. An Analysis of Variance Test for Normality (Complete Samples). Biometrika 1965; 52(3/4): 591–611.
  • Sun C., Jiang S., Skibniewski MJ., Man Q., Shen L. A Literature Review of The Factors Limiting The Application of BIM in The Construction Industry. Technological and Economic Development of Economy 2017; 23(5): 764–779. https://doi.org/10.3846/20294913.2015.1087071
  • Tezel A., Koskela L., Aziz Z. Lean thinking in the highways construction sector: motivation, implementation and barriers. Production Planning ve Control 2018; 29(3): 247–269. https://doi.org/10.1080/09537287.2017.1412522
  • Tzortzopoulos P., Koskela L., Kagioglou M. Lean Construction: Core Concepts and New Frontiers. Routledge 2020.
  • Xing W., Hao JL., Qian L., Tam VW., Sikora KS. Implementing lean construction techniques and management methods in Chinese projects: A case study in Suzhou, China. Journal of Cleaner Production 2021; 286: 124944. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.124944
  • Yazici B., Yolacan S. A comparison of various tests of normality. Journal OfStatistical Computation and Simulation 2007, 77(2): 175–183.
  • Zhang X., Azhar S., Nadeem A., Khalfan M. Using Building Information Modelling to achieve Lean principles by improving efficiency of work teams. International Journal of Construction Management 2018; 18(4): 293–300. https://doi.org/10.1080/15623599.2017.1382083
Toplam 41 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular İnşaat Mühendisliği
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri (RESEARCH ARTICLES)
Yazarlar

İbrahim Karataş 0000-0003-0845-4536

Abdülkadir Budak 0000-0002-6747-9103

Proje Numarası OKÜBAP-2022-PT2-008
Yayımlanma Tarihi 4 Aralık 2023
Gönderilme Tarihi 4 Ekim 2022
Kabul Tarihi 13 Ocak 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Cilt: 6 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA Karataş, İ., & Budak, A. (2023). İnşaat Sektöründe Yalın İnşaatın ve Yapı Bilgi Modellemesinin Birlikte Kullanılmasının Atıklara Etkisi. Osmaniye Korkut Ata Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 6(3), 2023-2033. https://doi.org/10.47495/okufbed.1184055
AMA Karataş İ, Budak A. İnşaat Sektöründe Yalın İnşaatın ve Yapı Bilgi Modellemesinin Birlikte Kullanılmasının Atıklara Etkisi. OKÜ Fen Bil. Ens. Dergisi ((OKU Journal of Nat. & App. Sci). Aralık 2023;6(3):2023-2033. doi:10.47495/okufbed.1184055
Chicago Karataş, İbrahim, ve Abdülkadir Budak. “İnşaat Sektöründe Yalın İnşaatın Ve Yapı Bilgi Modellemesinin Birlikte Kullanılmasının Atıklara Etkisi”. Osmaniye Korkut Ata Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi 6, sy. 3 (Aralık 2023): 2023-33. https://doi.org/10.47495/okufbed.1184055.
EndNote Karataş İ, Budak A (01 Aralık 2023) İnşaat Sektöründe Yalın İnşaatın ve Yapı Bilgi Modellemesinin Birlikte Kullanılmasının Atıklara Etkisi. Osmaniye Korkut Ata Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi 6 3 2023–2033.
IEEE İ. Karataş ve A. Budak, “İnşaat Sektöründe Yalın İnşaatın ve Yapı Bilgi Modellemesinin Birlikte Kullanılmasının Atıklara Etkisi”, OKÜ Fen Bil. Ens. Dergisi ((OKU Journal of Nat. & App. Sci), c. 6, sy. 3, ss. 2023–2033, 2023, doi: 10.47495/okufbed.1184055.
ISNAD Karataş, İbrahim - Budak, Abdülkadir. “İnşaat Sektöründe Yalın İnşaatın Ve Yapı Bilgi Modellemesinin Birlikte Kullanılmasının Atıklara Etkisi”. Osmaniye Korkut Ata Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi 6/3 (Aralık 2023), 2023-2033. https://doi.org/10.47495/okufbed.1184055.
JAMA Karataş İ, Budak A. İnşaat Sektöründe Yalın İnşaatın ve Yapı Bilgi Modellemesinin Birlikte Kullanılmasının Atıklara Etkisi. OKÜ Fen Bil. Ens. Dergisi ((OKU Journal of Nat. & App. Sci). 2023;6:2023–2033.
MLA Karataş, İbrahim ve Abdülkadir Budak. “İnşaat Sektöründe Yalın İnşaatın Ve Yapı Bilgi Modellemesinin Birlikte Kullanılmasının Atıklara Etkisi”. Osmaniye Korkut Ata Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, c. 6, sy. 3, 2023, ss. 2023-3, doi:10.47495/okufbed.1184055.
Vancouver Karataş İ, Budak A. İnşaat Sektöründe Yalın İnşaatın ve Yapı Bilgi Modellemesinin Birlikte Kullanılmasının Atıklara Etkisi. OKÜ Fen Bil. Ens. Dergisi ((OKU Journal of Nat. & App. Sci). 2023;6(3):2023-3.

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