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Covid-19 pandemisi kısıtlamaları sırasında Türkiye’deki farklı bölgelerdeki hava kirliliği değişkenlerinin zamansal değişimi

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 11 Sayı: 4, 879 - 887, 14.10.2022
https://doi.org/10.28948/ngumuh.1100409

Öz

Hava kirliliğinin ana kaynağı, fosil yakıtların yakılması sonucu atmosfere salınan zararlı gazlar ve partikül maddelerdir. Yeni koronavirüsün ortaya çıkması, tedavi için aşıların ve hedefli terapötiklerin bulunmadığı pandemik bir solunum hastalığına (COVID-19) neden olmuştur. Bu nedenle Türkiye'de Ankara, İstanbul ve İzmir başta olmak üzere 78 ölçüm istasyonundan alınan veriler yardımıyla ölçülen PM10 ve SO2 konsantrasyon seviyeleri “Ulusal Hava Kalitesi İzleme Ağı” kapsamında değerlendirilmiştir. Karantina döneminde alınan bazı önlemlere bağlı olarak hesaplanan ortalama değerlere göre PM10 ve SO2 gibi hava kirletici konsantrasyonlarında kısa sürede de olsa önemli bir azalma olmuştur. Temsil edilen 78 ilin nüfus yoğunluğuna bağlı olarak PM10 ve SO2 parametrelerindeki düşüşten olumlu etkilenen bölgelerdeki nüfusun Türkiye nüfusuna oranı sırasıyla %87.6 ve %70.2'dir. Konsantrasyon artışından olumsuz etkilenen bölgeler için oranlar her iki kirletici için %11.8 ve %29.8 olarak hesaplanmıştır.

Kaynakça

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Temporal variation of air pollution variables in different regions of Turkey during the Covid-19 restrictions

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 11 Sayı: 4, 879 - 887, 14.10.2022
https://doi.org/10.28948/ngumuh.1100409

Öz

The main source of air pollution is harmful gases and particulate matter released into the atmosphere as a result of burning fossil fuels. The emergence of the new coronavirus has caused a pandemic respiratory disease (COVID-19) in which vaccines and targeted therapeutics for treatment are unavailable. For this reason, the concentration levels of PM10 and SO2 measured with the help of data from 78 measurement stations in Turkey, primarily in Ankara, Istanbul and Izmir, were evaluated within the scope of the “National Air Quality Monitoring Network”. According to the average values calculated depending on some measures taken during the quarantine period, there has been a significant decrease in air pollutant concentrations such as PM10 and SO2, albeit in a short time. Depending on the population density of the 78 provinces represented, the ratio of the population in the regions positively affected by the decrease in PM10 and SO2 parameters to the population of Turkey is 87.6% and 70.2%, respectively. The rates for the regions negatively affected by the concentration increase were calculated as 11.8% and 29.8% for both pollutants.

Kaynakça

  • World Health Organization, Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Situation Report, 72, World Health Organization, 2020. https://apps.who.int/iris/ handle/10665/331685 (accessed: 31.03.2022).
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  • M.N. Kamel Boulos, E.M. Geraghty, Geographical tracking and mapping of coronavirus disease COVID-19/severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) epidemic and associated events around the world: how 21st century GIS technologies are supporting the global fight against outbreaks and epidemics. International Journal of Health Geographics, 19, 8, 2020. doi:10.1186/s12942-020-00202-8.
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  • J. Xie, J. Teng, Y. Fan, R. Xie, A. Shen, The short-term effects of air pollutants on hospitalizations for respiratory disease in Hefei, China. International Journal of Biometeorology, 63, 315-326, 2019. doi:10.1007/s00484-018-01665-y.
  • Q. Xu, X. Li, S. Wang, C. Wang, F. Huang, Q. Gao, L. Wu, L. Tao, J. Guo, W. Wang, X. Guo, Fine particulate air pollution and hospital emergency room visits for respiratory disease in urban areas in Beijing, China. PLOS ONE, 11, e0153099, 2016. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0153099.
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  • W. Liu, Z.-W. Tao, L. Wang, M.-L. Yuan, K. Liu, L. Zhou, S. Wei, Y. Deng, J. Liu, H.-G. Liu, M. Yang, Y. Hu, Analysis of factors associated with disease outcomes in hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus disease. Chinese Medical Journal, 133, 1032-1038, 2020. doi:10.1097/CM9. 0000000000000775.
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  • L. Myllyvirta, Analysis: Coronavirus temporarily reduced China’s CO2 emissions by a quarter. Carbon Brief, 2020. https://www.carbonbrief.org/analysis-coronavirus-has-temporarily-reduced-chinas-co2-emissions-by-a-quarter (accessed: 31.03.2022).
  • I. Todorović, Air pollution sharply falls worldwide on COVID-19 lockdowns. 2020. https://balkangreenenergynews.com/air-pollution-sharply-falls-worldwide-on-covid-19-lockdowns (accessed: 31.03.2022).
  • B. Pascus, City traffic levels plummet 35% following new executive orders, Crain’s New York Business. 2020. https://www.crainsnewyork.com/ coronavirus/ city-traffic-levels-plummet-35-following-new-executive-orders (accessed: 31.03.2022).
  • fox2detroit, Air pollution drops across the globe amid COVID-19 pandemic, data suggests. fox2detroit, 2020. https://www.fox2detroit.com/news/air-pollution-drops-across-the-globe-amid-covid-19-pandemic-data-suggests (accessed: 31.03.2022).
  • G. Dantas, B. Siciliano, B.B. França, C.M. da Silva, G. Arbilla, The impact of COVID-19 partial lockdown on the air quality of the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Science of The Total Environment, 729, 139085, 2020. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139085.
  • L.Y.K. Nakada, R.C. Urban, COVID-19 pandemic: Impacts on the air quality during the partial lockdown in São Paulo state, Brazil. Science of The Total Environment, 730, 139087, 2020. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139087.
  • J. Wang, G. Du, COVID-19 may transmit through aerosol. Irish Journal of Medical Science, 189, 1143-1144, 2020. doi:10.1007/s11845-020-02218-2.
  • P. Wang, K. Chen, S. Zhu, P. Wang, H. Zhang, Severe air pollution events not avoided by reduced anthropogenic activities during COVID-19 outbreak. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 158, 104814, 2020. doi:10.1016/j.resconrec.2020.104814.
  • B.D. Çeli̇k, N. Arici, Air Quality Forecast in the Covid-19 Outbreak Process: Zonguldak Case. Gazi Journal of Engineering Sciences, 7, 222-232, 2021.
  • M. Topuz, M. Karabulut, Occurred change in air pollution parameters in the process of coronavirus (COVID-19) measures: example of the Eastern Mediterranean. lnternational Journal of Geography and Geography Education, 44, 428-444, 2021. doi:10.32003/igge.837367.
  • G. Kaplan, D. Matci, F. Erdem, N. Öçer, U. Avdan, Detection of the Effect of Covid-19 Lockdown on Air Quality inTurkey with Remote Sensing Data. 3th International Disaster and Resilience Congress, 5-7 October 2021 AFAD Campus, Ankara, 2021.
  • Y. Kaplan, U. Saray, E. Azkeski̇n, Which cause air pollution PM10 and SO2 using by artificial neural network of estimation and error rate calculation. Afyon Kocatepe University Journal of Science and Engineering, 14, 2, 2014.
  • Y. Kara, Ş. Dursun, H. Toros, Assessment of Air Pollution in Trabzon During COVID-19 Measures. Journal of Research in Atmospheric Science (JRAS), 2, 1, 1-6, 2020.
  • R.J. Isaifan, The dramatic impact of Coronavirus outbreak on air quality: Has it saved as much as it has killed so far?. Global Journal of Environmental Science and Management, 6, 275-288, 2020. doi:10.22034/ gjesm.2020.03.01.
  • SİM (Sürekli İzleme Merkezi), 2022. https://www.havaizleme.gov.tr/ (accessed: 31.03.2022).
  • F. Özdemir, Analysis of dispersion of sulfur dioxide and particulate matter pollution in Turkey, Master Thesis, Yıldız Technical University Institute of Science, İstanbul, 2008.
  • Ö. Akyürek, Analysis of relation between air pollution and meteorological conditions for Trabzon urban depending on data between 2006 and 2011, Master Thesis, Karadeniz Technical University, Graduate Institute of Natural and Applied Sciences, Trabzon, 2012.
  • A. Otmani, A. Benchrif, M. Tahri, M. Bounakhla, E.M. Chakir, M. El Bouch, M. Krombi, Impact of Covid-19 lockdown on PM10, SO2 and NO2 concentrations in Salé City (Morocco). Science of The Total Environment, 735, 139541, 2020. doi:10.1016/j. scitotenv.2020.139541.
  • P. Broomandi, F. Karaca, A. Nikfal, A. Jahanbakhshi, M. Tamjidi, J.R. Kim, Impact of COVID-19 event on the air quality in Iran. Aerosol and Air Quality Research, 20, 1793-1804, 2020. doi:10.4209/aaqr. 2020.05.0205.
  • R. Bao, A. Zhang, Does lockdown reduce air pollution? Evidence from 44 cities in northern China. Science of The Total Environment, 731, 139052, 2020. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139052.
  • M.J. Ju, J. Oh, Y.-H. Choi, Changes in air pollution levels after COVID-19 outbreak in Korea. Science of The Total Environment, 750, 141521, 2021. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141521.
Toplam 54 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Çevre Mühendisliği
Bölüm Çevre Mühendisliği
Yazarlar

Zinnur Yılmaz 0000-0002-2029-3854

Mustafa Bünyamin Karagözoğlu 0000-0003-1520-3372

Yayımlanma Tarihi 14 Ekim 2022
Gönderilme Tarihi 8 Nisan 2022
Kabul Tarihi 22 Temmuz 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022 Cilt: 11 Sayı: 4

Kaynak Göster

APA Yılmaz, Z., & Karagözoğlu, M. B. (2022). Temporal variation of air pollution variables in different regions of Turkey during the Covid-19 restrictions. Niğde Ömer Halisdemir Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, 11(4), 879-887. https://doi.org/10.28948/ngumuh.1100409
AMA Yılmaz Z, Karagözoğlu MB. Temporal variation of air pollution variables in different regions of Turkey during the Covid-19 restrictions. NÖHÜ Müh. Bilim. Derg. Ekim 2022;11(4):879-887. doi:10.28948/ngumuh.1100409
Chicago Yılmaz, Zinnur, ve Mustafa Bünyamin Karagözoğlu. “Temporal Variation of Air Pollution Variables in Different Regions of Turkey During the Covid-19 Restrictions”. Niğde Ömer Halisdemir Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi 11, sy. 4 (Ekim 2022): 879-87. https://doi.org/10.28948/ngumuh.1100409.
EndNote Yılmaz Z, Karagözoğlu MB (01 Ekim 2022) Temporal variation of air pollution variables in different regions of Turkey during the Covid-19 restrictions. Niğde Ömer Halisdemir Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi 11 4 879–887.
IEEE Z. Yılmaz ve M. B. Karagözoğlu, “Temporal variation of air pollution variables in different regions of Turkey during the Covid-19 restrictions”, NÖHÜ Müh. Bilim. Derg., c. 11, sy. 4, ss. 879–887, 2022, doi: 10.28948/ngumuh.1100409.
ISNAD Yılmaz, Zinnur - Karagözoğlu, Mustafa Bünyamin. “Temporal Variation of Air Pollution Variables in Different Regions of Turkey During the Covid-19 Restrictions”. Niğde Ömer Halisdemir Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi 11/4 (Ekim 2022), 879-887. https://doi.org/10.28948/ngumuh.1100409.
JAMA Yılmaz Z, Karagözoğlu MB. Temporal variation of air pollution variables in different regions of Turkey during the Covid-19 restrictions. NÖHÜ Müh. Bilim. Derg. 2022;11:879–887.
MLA Yılmaz, Zinnur ve Mustafa Bünyamin Karagözoğlu. “Temporal Variation of Air Pollution Variables in Different Regions of Turkey During the Covid-19 Restrictions”. Niğde Ömer Halisdemir Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, c. 11, sy. 4, 2022, ss. 879-87, doi:10.28948/ngumuh.1100409.
Vancouver Yılmaz Z, Karagözoğlu MB. Temporal variation of air pollution variables in different regions of Turkey during the Covid-19 restrictions. NÖHÜ Müh. Bilim. Derg. 2022;11(4):879-87.

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