Öz
Heat-resistant microfungi can survive 30 minutes of heat at 75°C and can
continue to develop and deteriorate products during storage in the room
conditions. The most important role in this heat resistance is based on the
ability to form sexual reproduction structures called ascospores, and
ascospores heat resistance depends on species, strain, pH, heating medium and
other growth. Byssochlamys fulva
(current name; Paecilomyces fulvus)
is the first heat-resistant microfungus recorded, and in addition to B. nivea (current name; Byssochlamys lagunculariae), Neosartorya fischeri (current name; Aspergillus fischeri), Talaromyces macrosporus, T. bacillisporus
and Eupenicillium brefeldianum
(current; Penicillium dodgei) are the
most common heat resistant microfungi. We investigated biodiversity of heat
resistant microfungi in agricultural soils of Eskisehir Province in our study.
For this purpose, four different soil samples were collected from fallow lands
in east, west, north and south locations of Eskisehir Province at September
2017. Isolation process was performed by using heat treatment of soil samples
and the soil dilution method. After purification step, isolates were diagnosed
by using conventional methods and multi locus gene sequencing. We determined
total of 3.22x103 cfu/g colonies appertain to heat resistant
microfungi and 49 isolates belong to Aspergillus,
Byssochlamys, Penicillium
and Talaromyces genera.
As a result, we determined that the agricultural soils have high heat
resistance microfungal biodiversity that commonly known as mycotoxigenic,
pathogenic and saprophytic.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Heat resistant microfungi agricultural soils Eskisehir multi locus gene sequencing
Destekleyen Kurum
TUBİTAK, Anadolu University/Eskisehir Technical University Council of Research Project Fund
Proje Numarası
Project Number is 118Z359, Project Number is 1704F102
Teşekkür
This research was supported by grants from Anadolu University/Eskisehir Technical University Council of Research Project Fund (Project Number is 1704F102) and The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey-TUBITAK (Project Number is 118Z359).
Kaynakça
- Altschul, S.F., Gish, W., Miller, W., Myers, E.W., Lipman, D.J. (1990). Basic Local Alignment Search Tool. J Mol Bio.; 215: 403-410.
- Amaeze, N.J., Ugwuanyi, J.O., Obeta, J.A.N. (2010). Studies of Heat Resistant Fungi in The Soil: Talaromyces flavus Isolated In Nigerian Soils, New York Science Journal, 3(12)
- Asan, A. (2004). Aspergillus, Penicillium, and related species reported from Turkey. Mycotaxon 89: 155-157.
- Aydın, A., Erkan, M.E., Ulusoy, B.H. (2005). Isıya dayanıklı küflerin gıda sanayii ve halk sağlığı açısından önemi, Gıda ve Yem Bilim Teknolojisi, 7, 28-35.
- Brown, J.C., (1958). Soil fungi of some British sand dunes in relation to soil type and succession. Ecology, 46, 641–664.
- Demirci, Ş.A, Arıcı, M. (2006). Margarinde yüksek sıcaklığa dayanıklı küflerin izolasyonu, tanımlanması ve ısıl dirençlerinin belirlenmesi, Journal of Tekirdag Agricultural Faculty, 3(3), 269-273.
- Demirel, R. (2016). Comparison of rDNA regions (ITS, LSU, and SSU) of some Aspergillus, Penicillium, and Talaromyces spp., Turkish Journal of Botany, 40: 576-583
- Glass, N.L., Donaldson, G.C. (1995). Development of primer sets designed for use with the PCR to amplify conserved gene from filamentous Ascomycetes. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 61, 1323-1330.
- Houbraken, J. Samson, R.A. (2006). Standardization of methods for detecting heat resistant fungi, Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 571, 107-111.
- Kikoku, Y., Tagashira, N., Nakano, H., (2008). Heat Resistance of Fungi Isolated from Frozen Blueberries, Journal of Food Protection 71 (10): 2030–2035. Klich, M. A. (2002). Identification of common Aspergillus Species, First edition, Utrecht, The Netherlands: Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures.
- Kocakaya Yıldız, A., Coksöyler, N. (2002). Heat-resistance characteristics of ascospores of Eurotium chevalieri isolated from apricot juice, Nahrung, 46,1, 28-30.
- Kumar, S., Stecher, G., Li, M., Knyaz, C., Tamura, K. (2018). MEGA X: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis across computing platforms. Molecular Biology and Evolution 35:1547-1549.
- Mouchacca, J. (2007). Heat tolerant fungi and applied research: Addition to the previously treated group of strictly thermotolerant species, World J Microbiol Biotechnol 23:1755–1770
- Samson, R.A., Houbraken, J., Thrane, U., Frisvad, J.C., Andersen, B. (2010). Food and Indoor Fungi. Utrecht, the Netherlands: CBS KNAW Fungal Diversity Centre.
- Samson, R.A., Yilmaz, N., Houbraken, J., Spierenburg, H., Seifert, K.A., Peterson, S.W., Varga, J., Frisvad, J.C. (2011). Phylogeny and nomenclature of the genus Talaromyces and taxa accommodated in Penicillium subgenus Biverticillium. Stud Mycol 70: 159-183.
- Samson, R.A., Visagie, C.M., Houbraken, J., Hong, S.B., Hubka, V., Klaassen, C.H.W., Perrone, G., Seifert, K.A., Susca, A., Tanney, J.B. et al. (2014). Phylogeny, identification and nomenclature of the genus Aspergillus. Stud Mycol 78: 141-173.
- Schoch, C.L., Seifert, K.A., Huhndorf, S., Robert, V., Spouge, J.L., André Levesque, C., Chen, W. (2012). Fungal Barcoding Consortiuma, Nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region as a universal DNA barcode marker for Fungi. Proc Natl Acad Sci 109(16):6241-6.
- Serra, R., Caban˜ es, F.J., Perrone, G., Castella, G., Venancio, A., Mule, G., Kozakiewicz, Z. (2006), Aspergillus ibericus: a new species of section Nigri isolated from grapes. Mycologia 98, 295–306.
- Tamura, K, Nei, M. (1993). Estimation of the Number of Nucleotide Substitutions in the Control Region of Mitochondrial DNA in Humans and Chimpanzees. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 10:512-526.
- Valík, L., Piecková E., (2001) Growth modelling of heat-resistant fungi: the effect of water activity, International Journal of Food Microbiology. 63 11–17 White, T.J., Bruns, T., Lee, S., Taylor, J. (1990). Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics”, (Ed. Innis M.A., Gelfand, D.H., Sninsky, J.J., White, T.J.) PCR Protocols: A Guide to Methods and Applications, Academic Pres, USA
- Yaguchi, T., Imanishi, Y., Matsuzawa, T., Hosoya, K., Hitomi, J. (2012). Nakayama M., Method for Identifying Heat-Resistant Fungi of the Genus Neosartorya, Journal of Food Protection, 75 (10): 1806–1813.
- http://www.refgen.com (01.12.2019)
- https://blast.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Blast.cgi (01.12.2019)
- http://www.indexfungorum.org/names/names.asp (01.12.2019)
Öz
Isıya dayanıklı mikro
mantarlar 75°C'de 30 dakika ısıya dayanabilir ve oda koşullarında depolama
sırasında ürünlerde gelişmeye ve bunlarda bozulmaya devam edebilir. Bu ısı
direncindeki en önemli rol, askospor adı verilen eşeyli üreme yapıları
oluşturma yeteneğine dayanmaktadır ve askosporların ısı direnci; türlere,
strainlere, pH, ısıtma ortamı ve diğer büyüme koşullarına bağlıdır. Byssochlamys fulva (geçerli isim; Paecilomyces fulvus), ilk kaydedilen
ısıya dayanıklı mikrofungusdur ve buna ilave olarak B. nivea (geçerli isim; B.
lagunculariae), Neosartorya fischeri (geçerli isim; Aspergillus fischeri), Talaromyces macrosporus, T. bacillisporus ve Eupenicillium brefeldianum (geçerli
isim; P. dodgei) en yaygın ısıya
dayanıklı mikrofunguslardır. Çalışmamızda, Eskişehir ilinin tarım
topraklarındaki ısıya dayanıklı mikrofungusların biyoçeşitliliği araştırıldı.
Bu amaçla, Eylül 2017'de Eskişehir ilinin doğu, batı, kuzey ve güney
bölgelerindeki nadas alanlarından dört farklı toprak örneği toplanmıştır.
Toprak örneklerinden ısıl işlemi ve toprak seyreltme yöntemi kullanılarak
izolasyon işlemi yapılmıştır. Saflaştırma aşamasından sonra, geleneksel
yöntemler ve çoklu lokus gen dizilimi kullanılarak izolatlar teşhis edilmiştir.
Aspergillus, Byssochlamys, Penicillium ve Talaromyces
cinslerine ait 49 izolat ve ısıya dirençli mikrofunguslara ait toplam 3.22x103
cfu/g koloni tespit edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak, tarımsal toprakların,
mikotoksijenik, patojenik ve saprofitik olarak bilinen yüksek ısıya dirençli
mikrofungal biyolojik çeşitliliğe sahip olduğunu belirlenmiştir.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Isıya dirençli mikrogfunguslar tarım toprakları Eskişehir çoklu gen sekansı
Proje Numarası
Project Number is 118Z359, Project Number is 1704F102
Kaynakça
- Altschul, S.F., Gish, W., Miller, W., Myers, E.W., Lipman, D.J. (1990). Basic Local Alignment Search Tool. J Mol Bio.; 215: 403-410.
- Amaeze, N.J., Ugwuanyi, J.O., Obeta, J.A.N. (2010). Studies of Heat Resistant Fungi in The Soil: Talaromyces flavus Isolated In Nigerian Soils, New York Science Journal, 3(12)
- Asan, A. (2004). Aspergillus, Penicillium, and related species reported from Turkey. Mycotaxon 89: 155-157.
- Aydın, A., Erkan, M.E., Ulusoy, B.H. (2005). Isıya dayanıklı küflerin gıda sanayii ve halk sağlığı açısından önemi, Gıda ve Yem Bilim Teknolojisi, 7, 28-35.
- Brown, J.C., (1958). Soil fungi of some British sand dunes in relation to soil type and succession. Ecology, 46, 641–664.
- Demirci, Ş.A, Arıcı, M. (2006). Margarinde yüksek sıcaklığa dayanıklı küflerin izolasyonu, tanımlanması ve ısıl dirençlerinin belirlenmesi, Journal of Tekirdag Agricultural Faculty, 3(3), 269-273.
- Demirel, R. (2016). Comparison of rDNA regions (ITS, LSU, and SSU) of some Aspergillus, Penicillium, and Talaromyces spp., Turkish Journal of Botany, 40: 576-583
- Glass, N.L., Donaldson, G.C. (1995). Development of primer sets designed for use with the PCR to amplify conserved gene from filamentous Ascomycetes. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 61, 1323-1330.
- Houbraken, J. Samson, R.A. (2006). Standardization of methods for detecting heat resistant fungi, Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 571, 107-111.
- Kikoku, Y., Tagashira, N., Nakano, H., (2008). Heat Resistance of Fungi Isolated from Frozen Blueberries, Journal of Food Protection 71 (10): 2030–2035. Klich, M. A. (2002). Identification of common Aspergillus Species, First edition, Utrecht, The Netherlands: Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures.
- Kocakaya Yıldız, A., Coksöyler, N. (2002). Heat-resistance characteristics of ascospores of Eurotium chevalieri isolated from apricot juice, Nahrung, 46,1, 28-30.
- Kumar, S., Stecher, G., Li, M., Knyaz, C., Tamura, K. (2018). MEGA X: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis across computing platforms. Molecular Biology and Evolution 35:1547-1549.
- Mouchacca, J. (2007). Heat tolerant fungi and applied research: Addition to the previously treated group of strictly thermotolerant species, World J Microbiol Biotechnol 23:1755–1770
- Samson, R.A., Houbraken, J., Thrane, U., Frisvad, J.C., Andersen, B. (2010). Food and Indoor Fungi. Utrecht, the Netherlands: CBS KNAW Fungal Diversity Centre.
- Samson, R.A., Yilmaz, N., Houbraken, J., Spierenburg, H., Seifert, K.A., Peterson, S.W., Varga, J., Frisvad, J.C. (2011). Phylogeny and nomenclature of the genus Talaromyces and taxa accommodated in Penicillium subgenus Biverticillium. Stud Mycol 70: 159-183.
- Samson, R.A., Visagie, C.M., Houbraken, J., Hong, S.B., Hubka, V., Klaassen, C.H.W., Perrone, G., Seifert, K.A., Susca, A., Tanney, J.B. et al. (2014). Phylogeny, identification and nomenclature of the genus Aspergillus. Stud Mycol 78: 141-173.
- Schoch, C.L., Seifert, K.A., Huhndorf, S., Robert, V., Spouge, J.L., André Levesque, C., Chen, W. (2012). Fungal Barcoding Consortiuma, Nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region as a universal DNA barcode marker for Fungi. Proc Natl Acad Sci 109(16):6241-6.
- Serra, R., Caban˜ es, F.J., Perrone, G., Castella, G., Venancio, A., Mule, G., Kozakiewicz, Z. (2006), Aspergillus ibericus: a new species of section Nigri isolated from grapes. Mycologia 98, 295–306.
- Tamura, K, Nei, M. (1993). Estimation of the Number of Nucleotide Substitutions in the Control Region of Mitochondrial DNA in Humans and Chimpanzees. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 10:512-526.
- Valík, L., Piecková E., (2001) Growth modelling of heat-resistant fungi: the effect of water activity, International Journal of Food Microbiology. 63 11–17 White, T.J., Bruns, T., Lee, S., Taylor, J. (1990). Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics”, (Ed. Innis M.A., Gelfand, D.H., Sninsky, J.J., White, T.J.) PCR Protocols: A Guide to Methods and Applications, Academic Pres, USA
- Yaguchi, T., Imanishi, Y., Matsuzawa, T., Hosoya, K., Hitomi, J. (2012). Nakayama M., Method for Identifying Heat-Resistant Fungi of the Genus Neosartorya, Journal of Food Protection, 75 (10): 1806–1813.
- http://www.refgen.com (01.12.2019)
- https://blast.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Blast.cgi (01.12.2019)
- http://www.indexfungorum.org/names/names.asp (01.12.2019)
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | İngilizce |
|---|---|
| Bölüm | 2nd International Eurasian Mycology Congress (EMC’ 19) |
| Yazarlar | |
| Proje Numarası | Project Number is 118Z359, Project Number is 1704F102 |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 26 Aralık 2019 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2019 Cilt: 10 Sayı: 3 |
Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi
Dergimiz, herhangi bir başvuru veya yayımlama ücreti almamaktadır
