Araştırma Makalesi
Sıçanlarda Oral Yüksek Doz Vitamin C Takviyesinin Serum Vitamin C, Leptin ve Kortizol Parametrelerine Etkisi
Öz
Bu çalışmanın amacı, sıçanlarda yüksek doz aralıklarında oral uygulanan vitamin C takviyesine bağlı olarak vitamin C, kortizol ve leptinin kan düzeylerindeki değişiklikleri belirlemektir. Toplam 21 adet 6-9 aylık yaşta Wistar Albino türü dişi sıçan rastgele olarak grup başına 7 hayvan içerecek şekilde üç gruba ayrıldı. Birinci grup kontrol grubu iken, deney grupları şu şekilde düzenlenmiştir: Vitamin C (1000mg/kg CA grubu, oral yoldan), Vitamin C (3000mg/kg CA grubu, oral yoldan). On günlük toplam deney süresi sonunda kan örnekleri İntrakardiak olarak serum tüplerine alındı. Serumda vitamin C, kortizol ve leptin düzeyleri belirlendi. Yapılan uygulamaların serum vitamin C, kortizol ve leptin düzeylerine etki etmediği bulundu. Sonuç olarak, oral olarak uygulanan yüksek doz vitamin C takviyesinin vücuttaki C vitamini havuzunu artırmanın etkili yolu olmadığı görüldü.
Kaynakça
- Aguirre R, May JM. Inflammation in the vascular bed: importance of vitamin C. Pharmacology & therapeutics. 2008; 119(1), 96-103.
- Avcı G, Küçükkurt İ, Fidan AF, Eryavuz A, Aslan R, Dündar Y. Nakil işlemine tabi tutulan koyunlarda vitamin C ve ksilazin uygulamasının kortizol ve lipid peroksidasyon ile bazı biyokimyasal parametrelere etkisi. Fırat Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi. 2008; 22(3), 147-152.
- Brody S, Preut R, Schommer K, Schürmeyer TH. A randomized controlled trial of high dose ascorbic acid for reduction of blood pressure, cortisol, and subjective responses to psychological stress. Psychopharmacology.2002; 159(3), 319-324.
- Carr AC, Bozonet SM, Pullar JM, Simcock JW, Vissers M. A randomized steady-state bioavailability study of synthetic versus natural (kiwifruit-derived) vitamin C. Nutrients. 2013; 5(9), 3684-3695.
- Chen Q, Espey MG, Krishna MC, Mitchell JB, Corpe CP, Buettner GR, Levine M. Pharmacologic ascorbic acid concentrations selectively kill cancer cells: action as a pro-drug to deliver hydrogen peroxide to tissues. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2005; 102(38), 13604-13609.
- Cisternas P, Silva‐Alvarez C, Martínez F, Fernandez E, Ferrada L, Oyarce K, Nualart F. The oxidized form of vitamin C, dehydroascorbic acid, regulates neuronal energy metabolism. Journal of neurochemistry. 2014; 129(4), 663-671.
- Dachs GU, Munn DG, Carr AC, Vissers MC, Robinson BA. Consumption of vitamin C is below recommended daily intake in many cancer patients and healthy volunteers in Christchurch. NZ Med J. 2014; 127(1390), 73-6.
- Das PC, Das KP, Bagchi K, Dey CD. Evaluation of tissue ascorbic acid status in different hormonal states of female rat. Life Sci. 1993; 52:1493–1498.
- De Tullio MC. The mystery of vitamin C. Nat. Educ. 2010; 3(9), 48.
- Doulas NL, Constantopoulos A, Litsios B. Effect of ascorbic acid on guinea pig adrenal adenylate cyclase activity and plasma cortisol. The Journal of nutrition. 1987; 117(6), 1108-1114.
- Du J, Cullen JJ, Buettner GR. Ascorbic acid: chemistry, biology and the treatment of cancer. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)-Reviews on Cancer. 2012; 1826(2), 443-457.
- Frei B, Birlouez-Aragon I, Lykkesfeldt J. Authors' perspective: what is the optimum intake of vitamin C in humans? Critical reviews in food science and nutrition. 2012; 52(9), 815-829.
- Garcia-Diaz DF, Campion J, Milagro FI, Boque N, Moreno-Aliaga MJ, Martinez JA. Vitamin C inhibits leptin secretion and some glucose/lipid metabolic pathways in primary rat adipocytes. Journal of Molecular Endocrinology. 2010; 45(1), 33-43
- Garcia-Diaz DF, Lopez-Legarrea P, Quintero P, Martinez JA. Vitamin C in the treatment and/or prevention of obesity. Journal of nutritional science and vitaminology. 2014; 60(6), 367-379.
- García OP, Ronquillo D, del Carmen Caamaño M, Camacho M, Long KZ, Rosado JL. Zinc, vitamin A, and vitamin C status are associated with leptin concentrations and obesity in Mexican women: results from a cross-sectional study. Nutrition & Metabolism. 2012; 9(1), 59.
- Gerster H, Moser U. Is high-dose vitamin C intake associated with systemic conditioning?. Nutrition Research. 1988; 8(11), 1327-1332.
- Graumlich JF, Ludden TM, Conry-Cantilena C, Cantilena LR Jr, Wang Y, Levine M. Pharmacokinetic model of ascorbic acid in healthy male volunteers during depletion and repletion. Pharmaceutical Research. 1997; 14, 1133–1139.
- Hornig D, Vuilleumier JP, Hartmann D. Absorption of large, single, oral intakes of ascorbic acid. International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research. 1980; 50, 309–314.
- Ibrahim RE, Ahmed SA, Amer SA, Al-Gabri NA, Ahmed AI, Abdel-Warith AWA,Metwally AE. Influence of vitamin C feed supplementation on the growth, antioxidant activity, immune status, tissue histomorphology, and disease resistance in Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. Aquaculture Reports. 2020; 18, 100545.
- Jamalan M, Rezazadeh M, Zeinali M, Ghaffari MA. Effect of ascorbic acid and alpha-tocopherol supplementations on serum leptin, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and serum amyloid A levels in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Avicenna journal of phytomedicine. 2015; 5(6), 531.
- Johnston CS. Biomarkers for establishing a tolerable upper intake level for vitamin C. Nutrition reviews. 1999; 57(3), 71-77.
- Kalil AC. Lack of Benefit of High-Dose Vitamin C, Thiamine, and Hydrocortisone Combination for Patients With Sepsis.2020; JAWA, 323; 419-420.
- Krinsky NI, Beecher GR, Burk RF, Chan AC, Erdman JJ, Jacob RA, Prentice RL. Dietary reference intakes for vitamin C, vitamin E, selenium, and carotenoids. Institute of Medicine. 2000.
- Kuhn SO, Meissner K, Mayes LM, Bartels K. Vitamin C in sepsis. Current opinion in anaesthesiology. 2018; 31(1), 55.
- Levine M, Conry-Cantilena C, Wang Y, Welch RW, Washko PW, Dhariwal KR, Cantilena LR. Vitamin C pharmacokinetics in healthy volunteers: evidence for a recommended dietary allowance. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 1996; 93(8), 3704-3709.
- Levine M, Morita K. Ascorbic acid in endocrine systems. Vitam Horm.1985; 42:1– 64
- Lykkesfeldt J, Tveden-Nyborg P. The pharmacokinetics of vitamin C. Nutrients. 2019; 11(10), 2412.
- Lykkesfeldt J, Christen S, Wallock L M, Chang HH, Jacob RA, Ames BN. Ascorbate is depleted by smoking and repleted by moderate supplementation: a study in male smokers and nonsmokers with matched dietary antioxidant intakes. The American journal of clinical nutrition. 2000; 71(2), 530-536.
- MacDonald L, Thumser AE, Sharp P. Decreased expression of the vitamin C transporter SVCT1 by ascorbic acid in a human intestinal epithelial cell line. Br. J. Nutr. 2002; 87, 97-100.
- Maeda J, Allum AJ, Mussallem JT, Froning CE, Haskins AH, Buckner MA, Kato TA. Ascorbic acid 2-glucoside pretreatment protects cells from ionizing radiation, UVC, and short wavelength of UVB. Genes. 2020; 11(3), 238.
- Magri A, Germano G, Lorenzato A, Lamba S, Chila R, Montone V, Amadio V, Ceruti T, Sassi F, Areno S, Abrignani S, D'incalci M, Zucchetti M, Nicolantino F, Bardelli A. High-dose vitamin C enhances cancer immunotherapy. Sci.Transt. Med. 2020 12 (532).
- Malik EP. Hydrocortisone, Ascorbic Acid and Thiamine (HAT Therapy) for the Treatment of Sepsis. Focus on Ascorbic Acid. Nutrients.2018; 10 (11); 1762.
- Montalvo CP, Díaz NH, Galdames LA, Andrés ME, Larraín RE. Effect of vitamins E and C on cortisol production by bovine adrenocortical cells in vitro. Journal of dairy science. 2011; 94(7), 3495-3497.
- Moores J. Vitamin C: a wound healing perspective. British journal of community nursing. 2013; 18(Sup12), S6-S11.
- Mourot J, Peiniau P, Aumaitre A, Chevillon P. Effect of dietary vitamin C supplementation on growth performance and meat quality in Large White or Large White × Pietrain pigs. J. Rech. Porc France. 1992; 24:55–64.
- Naidu KA. Vitamin C in human health and disease is still a mystery? An overview. Nutrition journal. 2003; 2(1), 7.
- Olayaki LA, Sulaiman SO, Anoba NB. Vitamin C prevents sleep deprivation-induced elevation in cortisol and lipid peroxidation in the rat plasma. Nigerian Journal of Physiological Sciences. 2015; 30(1-2), 5-9.
- Padayatty SJ, Katz A, Wang Y, Eck P, Kwon O, Lee JH, Levine M. Vitamin C as an antioxidant: evaluation of its role in disease prevention. Journal of the American college of Nutrition. 2003; 22(1), 18-35.
- Patak P, Willenberg HS, Bornstein SR. Vitamin C is an important cofactor for both adrenal cortex and adrenal medulla. Endocrine research. 2004; 30(4), 871-875.
- Pénicaud C, Peyron S, Bohuon P, Gontard N, Guillard V. Ascorbic acid in food: Development of a rapid analysis technique and application to diffusivity determination. Food Research International. 2010; 43(3), 838-847.
- Pion SJ, Van Heugten E, See MT, Larick DK, Pardue S. Effects of vitamin C supplementation on plasma ascorbic acid and oxalate concentrations and meat quality in swine. Journal of animal science. 2004; 82(7), 2004-2012.
- Ranjan R, Ranjan A, Dhaliwal GS, Patra RC. L-Ascorbic acid (vitamin C) supplementation to optimize health and reproduction in cattle. Veterinary Quarterly. 2012; 32(3-4), 145-150.
- Rivers JM. Safety of high-level vitamin C ingestion. Ann NY Acad Sci.1987; 498, 445-454.
- Rowe S, Carr AC. Global Vitamin C Status and Prevalence of Deficiency: A Cause for Concern? Nutrients. 2020; 12(7), 2008.
- Sheibani S, Capua L, Kamaei S, Akbari SSA, Zhang J, Guerin H, Ionescu AM. Extended gate field-effect-transistor for sensing cortisol stress hormone. Communications materials. 2021; 2(1), 1-10.
- Tsukaguchi H, Tokui T, Mackenzie B, Berger UV, Chen XZ, Wang Y, Hediger MAA family of mammalian Na+-dependent L-ascorbic acid transporters. Nature. 1999; 399(6731), 70-75.
- Tveden-Nyborg P ve Lykkesfeldt J. Does vitamin C deficiency increase lifestyle-associated vascular disease progression? Evidence based on experimental and clinical studies. Antioxidants & redox signaling. 2013; 19(17), 2084-2104.
- Ward MS, Lamb J, May JM, Harrison FE. Behavioral and monoamine changes following severe vitamin C deficiency. Journal of neurochemistry. 2013; 124(3), 363-375.
- Wariss PD. Adrenal ascorbic acid depletion as an index of preslaughter stress in pigs. Meat Sci. 1979; 3:281–285.
- Wu X, Iguchi T, Itoh N, Okamoto K, Takagi T, Tanaka K, Nakanishi T. Ascorbic Acid Transported by Sodium-Dependent Vitamin C Transporter 2 Stimulates Steroidogenesis in Human Choriocarcinoma Cells. Endocrinology. 2008; 149; 73-83.
- Zhou X, Xie M, Niu C, Sun R. The effects of dietary vitamin C on growth, liver vitamin C and serum cortisol in stressed and unstressed juvenile soft-shelled turtles (Pelodiscus sinensis). Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology. 2003; 135(2), 263-270.
The Effect of Orally High Dose Vitamin C Supplementation on Serum Vitamin C, Leptin and Cortisol Parameters in Rats
Öz
The aim of this study was to determine the changes in the blood levels of vitamin C, cortisol, and leptin, depending on the vitamin C supplementation administered orally at high dose intervals in rats. A total of 21 female Wistar Albino rats aged 6-9 months were randomly divided into three groups, each group containing seven animals. The first group is the control group, and the experiment groups are Vitamin C (1000 mg/kg CA group, orally), Vitamin C (3000 mg/kg CA group, orally). At the end of the total experiment period of 10 days, blood samples were taken into the serum tube as intracardiac. Vitamin C, cortisol, and leptin levels were determined from serum. It was found that there was no difference between the groups in serum vitamin C, cortisol, and leptin levels in blood samples. As a result, it has been observed that high-dose vitamin C supplements administered orally are not an effective way to increase the vitamin C pool in the body.
Kaynakça
- Aguirre R, May JM. Inflammation in the vascular bed: importance of vitamin C. Pharmacology & therapeutics. 2008; 119(1), 96-103.
- Avcı G, Küçükkurt İ, Fidan AF, Eryavuz A, Aslan R, Dündar Y. Nakil işlemine tabi tutulan koyunlarda vitamin C ve ksilazin uygulamasının kortizol ve lipid peroksidasyon ile bazı biyokimyasal parametrelere etkisi. Fırat Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi. 2008; 22(3), 147-152.
- Brody S, Preut R, Schommer K, Schürmeyer TH. A randomized controlled trial of high dose ascorbic acid for reduction of blood pressure, cortisol, and subjective responses to psychological stress. Psychopharmacology.2002; 159(3), 319-324.
- Carr AC, Bozonet SM, Pullar JM, Simcock JW, Vissers M. A randomized steady-state bioavailability study of synthetic versus natural (kiwifruit-derived) vitamin C. Nutrients. 2013; 5(9), 3684-3695.
- Chen Q, Espey MG, Krishna MC, Mitchell JB, Corpe CP, Buettner GR, Levine M. Pharmacologic ascorbic acid concentrations selectively kill cancer cells: action as a pro-drug to deliver hydrogen peroxide to tissues. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2005; 102(38), 13604-13609.
- Cisternas P, Silva‐Alvarez C, Martínez F, Fernandez E, Ferrada L, Oyarce K, Nualart F. The oxidized form of vitamin C, dehydroascorbic acid, regulates neuronal energy metabolism. Journal of neurochemistry. 2014; 129(4), 663-671.
- Dachs GU, Munn DG, Carr AC, Vissers MC, Robinson BA. Consumption of vitamin C is below recommended daily intake in many cancer patients and healthy volunteers in Christchurch. NZ Med J. 2014; 127(1390), 73-6.
- Das PC, Das KP, Bagchi K, Dey CD. Evaluation of tissue ascorbic acid status in different hormonal states of female rat. Life Sci. 1993; 52:1493–1498.
- De Tullio MC. The mystery of vitamin C. Nat. Educ. 2010; 3(9), 48.
- Doulas NL, Constantopoulos A, Litsios B. Effect of ascorbic acid on guinea pig adrenal adenylate cyclase activity and plasma cortisol. The Journal of nutrition. 1987; 117(6), 1108-1114.
- Du J, Cullen JJ, Buettner GR. Ascorbic acid: chemistry, biology and the treatment of cancer. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)-Reviews on Cancer. 2012; 1826(2), 443-457.
- Frei B, Birlouez-Aragon I, Lykkesfeldt J. Authors' perspective: what is the optimum intake of vitamin C in humans? Critical reviews in food science and nutrition. 2012; 52(9), 815-829.
- Garcia-Diaz DF, Campion J, Milagro FI, Boque N, Moreno-Aliaga MJ, Martinez JA. Vitamin C inhibits leptin secretion and some glucose/lipid metabolic pathways in primary rat adipocytes. Journal of Molecular Endocrinology. 2010; 45(1), 33-43
- Garcia-Diaz DF, Lopez-Legarrea P, Quintero P, Martinez JA. Vitamin C in the treatment and/or prevention of obesity. Journal of nutritional science and vitaminology. 2014; 60(6), 367-379.
- García OP, Ronquillo D, del Carmen Caamaño M, Camacho M, Long KZ, Rosado JL. Zinc, vitamin A, and vitamin C status are associated with leptin concentrations and obesity in Mexican women: results from a cross-sectional study. Nutrition & Metabolism. 2012; 9(1), 59.
- Gerster H, Moser U. Is high-dose vitamin C intake associated with systemic conditioning?. Nutrition Research. 1988; 8(11), 1327-1332.
- Graumlich JF, Ludden TM, Conry-Cantilena C, Cantilena LR Jr, Wang Y, Levine M. Pharmacokinetic model of ascorbic acid in healthy male volunteers during depletion and repletion. Pharmaceutical Research. 1997; 14, 1133–1139.
- Hornig D, Vuilleumier JP, Hartmann D. Absorption of large, single, oral intakes of ascorbic acid. International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research. 1980; 50, 309–314.
- Ibrahim RE, Ahmed SA, Amer SA, Al-Gabri NA, Ahmed AI, Abdel-Warith AWA,Metwally AE. Influence of vitamin C feed supplementation on the growth, antioxidant activity, immune status, tissue histomorphology, and disease resistance in Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. Aquaculture Reports. 2020; 18, 100545.
- Jamalan M, Rezazadeh M, Zeinali M, Ghaffari MA. Effect of ascorbic acid and alpha-tocopherol supplementations on serum leptin, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and serum amyloid A levels in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Avicenna journal of phytomedicine. 2015; 5(6), 531.
- Johnston CS. Biomarkers for establishing a tolerable upper intake level for vitamin C. Nutrition reviews. 1999; 57(3), 71-77.
- Kalil AC. Lack of Benefit of High-Dose Vitamin C, Thiamine, and Hydrocortisone Combination for Patients With Sepsis.2020; JAWA, 323; 419-420.
- Krinsky NI, Beecher GR, Burk RF, Chan AC, Erdman JJ, Jacob RA, Prentice RL. Dietary reference intakes for vitamin C, vitamin E, selenium, and carotenoids. Institute of Medicine. 2000.
- Kuhn SO, Meissner K, Mayes LM, Bartels K. Vitamin C in sepsis. Current opinion in anaesthesiology. 2018; 31(1), 55.
- Levine M, Conry-Cantilena C, Wang Y, Welch RW, Washko PW, Dhariwal KR, Cantilena LR. Vitamin C pharmacokinetics in healthy volunteers: evidence for a recommended dietary allowance. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 1996; 93(8), 3704-3709.
- Levine M, Morita K. Ascorbic acid in endocrine systems. Vitam Horm.1985; 42:1– 64
- Lykkesfeldt J, Tveden-Nyborg P. The pharmacokinetics of vitamin C. Nutrients. 2019; 11(10), 2412.
- Lykkesfeldt J, Christen S, Wallock L M, Chang HH, Jacob RA, Ames BN. Ascorbate is depleted by smoking and repleted by moderate supplementation: a study in male smokers and nonsmokers with matched dietary antioxidant intakes. The American journal of clinical nutrition. 2000; 71(2), 530-536.
- MacDonald L, Thumser AE, Sharp P. Decreased expression of the vitamin C transporter SVCT1 by ascorbic acid in a human intestinal epithelial cell line. Br. J. Nutr. 2002; 87, 97-100.
- Maeda J, Allum AJ, Mussallem JT, Froning CE, Haskins AH, Buckner MA, Kato TA. Ascorbic acid 2-glucoside pretreatment protects cells from ionizing radiation, UVC, and short wavelength of UVB. Genes. 2020; 11(3), 238.
- Magri A, Germano G, Lorenzato A, Lamba S, Chila R, Montone V, Amadio V, Ceruti T, Sassi F, Areno S, Abrignani S, D'incalci M, Zucchetti M, Nicolantino F, Bardelli A. High-dose vitamin C enhances cancer immunotherapy. Sci.Transt. Med. 2020 12 (532).
- Malik EP. Hydrocortisone, Ascorbic Acid and Thiamine (HAT Therapy) for the Treatment of Sepsis. Focus on Ascorbic Acid. Nutrients.2018; 10 (11); 1762.
- Montalvo CP, Díaz NH, Galdames LA, Andrés ME, Larraín RE. Effect of vitamins E and C on cortisol production by bovine adrenocortical cells in vitro. Journal of dairy science. 2011; 94(7), 3495-3497.
- Moores J. Vitamin C: a wound healing perspective. British journal of community nursing. 2013; 18(Sup12), S6-S11.
- Mourot J, Peiniau P, Aumaitre A, Chevillon P. Effect of dietary vitamin C supplementation on growth performance and meat quality in Large White or Large White × Pietrain pigs. J. Rech. Porc France. 1992; 24:55–64.
- Naidu KA. Vitamin C in human health and disease is still a mystery? An overview. Nutrition journal. 2003; 2(1), 7.
- Olayaki LA, Sulaiman SO, Anoba NB. Vitamin C prevents sleep deprivation-induced elevation in cortisol and lipid peroxidation in the rat plasma. Nigerian Journal of Physiological Sciences. 2015; 30(1-2), 5-9.
- Padayatty SJ, Katz A, Wang Y, Eck P, Kwon O, Lee JH, Levine M. Vitamin C as an antioxidant: evaluation of its role in disease prevention. Journal of the American college of Nutrition. 2003; 22(1), 18-35.
- Patak P, Willenberg HS, Bornstein SR. Vitamin C is an important cofactor for both adrenal cortex and adrenal medulla. Endocrine research. 2004; 30(4), 871-875.
- Pénicaud C, Peyron S, Bohuon P, Gontard N, Guillard V. Ascorbic acid in food: Development of a rapid analysis technique and application to diffusivity determination. Food Research International. 2010; 43(3), 838-847.
- Pion SJ, Van Heugten E, See MT, Larick DK, Pardue S. Effects of vitamin C supplementation on plasma ascorbic acid and oxalate concentrations and meat quality in swine. Journal of animal science. 2004; 82(7), 2004-2012.
- Ranjan R, Ranjan A, Dhaliwal GS, Patra RC. L-Ascorbic acid (vitamin C) supplementation to optimize health and reproduction in cattle. Veterinary Quarterly. 2012; 32(3-4), 145-150.
- Rivers JM. Safety of high-level vitamin C ingestion. Ann NY Acad Sci.1987; 498, 445-454.
- Rowe S, Carr AC. Global Vitamin C Status and Prevalence of Deficiency: A Cause for Concern? Nutrients. 2020; 12(7), 2008.
- Sheibani S, Capua L, Kamaei S, Akbari SSA, Zhang J, Guerin H, Ionescu AM. Extended gate field-effect-transistor for sensing cortisol stress hormone. Communications materials. 2021; 2(1), 1-10.
- Tsukaguchi H, Tokui T, Mackenzie B, Berger UV, Chen XZ, Wang Y, Hediger MAA family of mammalian Na+-dependent L-ascorbic acid transporters. Nature. 1999; 399(6731), 70-75.
- Tveden-Nyborg P ve Lykkesfeldt J. Does vitamin C deficiency increase lifestyle-associated vascular disease progression? Evidence based on experimental and clinical studies. Antioxidants & redox signaling. 2013; 19(17), 2084-2104.
- Ward MS, Lamb J, May JM, Harrison FE. Behavioral and monoamine changes following severe vitamin C deficiency. Journal of neurochemistry. 2013; 124(3), 363-375.
- Wariss PD. Adrenal ascorbic acid depletion as an index of preslaughter stress in pigs. Meat Sci. 1979; 3:281–285.
- Wu X, Iguchi T, Itoh N, Okamoto K, Takagi T, Tanaka K, Nakanishi T. Ascorbic Acid Transported by Sodium-Dependent Vitamin C Transporter 2 Stimulates Steroidogenesis in Human Choriocarcinoma Cells. Endocrinology. 2008; 149; 73-83.
- Zhou X, Xie M, Niu C, Sun R. The effects of dietary vitamin C on growth, liver vitamin C and serum cortisol in stressed and unstressed juvenile soft-shelled turtles (Pelodiscus sinensis). Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology. 2003; 135(2), 263-270.
Toplam 51 adet kaynakça vardır.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | Türkçe |
|---|---|
| Konular | Veteriner Cerrahi |
| Bölüm | ARAŞTIRMA MAKALESİ |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 30 Eylül 2021 |
| Kabul Tarihi | 16 Ağustos 2021 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2021 Cilt: 14 Sayı: 3 |
Kaynak Göster
