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Trimester to Trimester: Understanding Sexual Functions That Change During Pregnancy

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 3, 174 - 183, 11.01.2024

Eda Tokman Zeynep Dilşah Karaçam Yılmaz

https://doi.org/10.59244/ktokusbd.1278906

Öz

Sexuality is influenced by many physiological, psychosocial, hormonal, and anatomical factors during pregnancy. These factors vary by trimester. The prevalence of sexual dysfunction during pregnancy varies from country to country and from society to society. This variation is due to social taboos related to sexuality during pregnancy. The literature shows that sexual dysfunction during pregnancy is observed differently in each trimester. In the first trimester, women may experience sexual dysfunction due to conditions such as nausea, vomiting, fatigue, and emotional changes. In the second trimester, changes in the woman's body can positively affect sexuality. However, in the third trimester, the increase in the size of the baby and fear of childbirth can lead to increased sexual dysfunction. Evaluating women's sexual functions during each trimester of pregnancy is crucial for maintaining sexual health. In addition, informing pregnant women about sexual dysfunction by midwives can help identify these dysfunctions. This review examines the impact of pregnancy on sexual function, sexual dysfunction that arises in each trimester, and midwifery care required to maintain sexuality during pregnancy in accordance with the literature.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Midwifery Pregnancy Sexuality Sexual Dysfunciton

Kaynakça

  • Aksoy, A., Yılmaz, D. V., & Yılmaz, M. (2019). Gebelikte Cinsel Yaşantıyı Neler Etkiler? Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi, 3(1), 45-53. Erişim adresi: https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/amusbfd/issue/42985/428538
  • Aksoy Derya, Y., Gök Uğur, H., & Özşahin, Z. (2020). Effects of demographic and obstetric variables with body image on sexual dysfunction in pregnancy: A cross-sectional and comparative study. International Journal of Nursing Practice, 26(3), e12829. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijn.12829
  • Alizadeh, S., Riazi, H., Alavi-Majd, H., & Ozgoli, G. (2022). Prevalence of female sexual dysfunction during pregnancy in Eastern Mediterranean Regional Office Countries (EMRO): a systematic review and meta-analysis. The journal of maternal-fetal & neonatal medicine : the official journal of the European Association of Perinatal Medicine, the Federation of Asia and Oceania Perinatal Societies, the International Society of Perinatal Obstetricians, 35(25), 6654–6662. https://doi.org/10.1080/14767058.2021.1919074
  • Astepe, B. S., & Köleli, I. (2018). A cross-sectional study of female sexual dysfunction among Turkish pregnant and nonpregnant women: correlation with hormone profile. The European Research Journal, 5(2), 258-267. https://doi.org/10.18621/eurj.432490
  • Aydin, M., Cayonu, N., Kadihasanoglu, M., Irkilata, L., Atilla, M. K., & Kendirci, M. (2015). Comparison of Sexual Functions in Pregnant and Non-Pregnant Women. Urology journal, 12(5), 2339–2344. https://doi.org/10.22037/uj.v12i5.2881
  • Banaei, M., Azizi, M., Moridi, A., Dashti, S., Yabandeh, A. P., & Roozbeh, N. (2019). Sexual dysfunction and related factors in pregnancy and postpartum: a systematic review and meta-analysis protocol. Systematic reviews, 8(1), 1-5. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13643-019-1079-4
  • Bermas, B. L. (2020). Maternal adaptations to pregnancy: musculoskeletal changes and pain. Uptodate Database Syst Rev. Erişim adresi: https://www.medilib.ir/uptodate/show/427
  • Bilge, Ç., Kaydırak, M. M., Öner, Ö., & Balkaya, N. A. (2021). Gebelikte cinsel işlev ve cinsel memnuniyetin değerlendirilmesi. İnönü Üniversitesi Sağlık Hizmetleri Meslek Yüksek Okulu Dergisi, 9(2), 684-693. https://doi.org/10.33715/inonusaglik.820979
  • Cassis, C., Mukhopadhyay, S., Morris, E., & Giarenis, I. (2021). What happens to female sexual function during pregnancy?. European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, 258, 265-268. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejogrb.2021.01.003
  • Daud, S., Zahid, A. Z. M., Mohamad, M., Abdullah, B., & Mohamad, N. A. N. (2019). Prevalence of sexual dysfunction in pregnancy. Archives of gynecology and obstetrics, 300, 1279-1285. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00404-019-05273-y
  • Fuchs, A., Czech, I., Sikora, J., Fuchs, P., Lorek, M., Skrzypulec-Plinta, V., & Drosdzol-Cop, A. (2019). Sexual functioning in pregnant women. International journal of environmental research and public health, 16(21), 4216. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16214216
  • Gałązka, I., Drosdzol-Cop, A., Naworska, B., Czajkowska, M., & Skrzypulec-Plinta, V. (2015). Changes in the sexual function during pregnancy. The journal of sexual medicine, 12(2), 445-454. https://doi.org/10.1111/jsm.12747
  • Gokyildiz Surucu, S., Avcibay Vurgec, B., Kaya Senol, D., Gozuyesil, E., Bilgic, D., Onat Koroglu, C., ... & Yalcin, O. (2022). Evaluation of women's sexual quality of life, depression, and sexual functions in the pregnancy and postpartum periods: A multi‐centered study. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research, 48(6), 1379-1389. https://doi.org/10.1111/jog.15227
  • Grussu, P., Vicini, B., & Quatraro, R. M. (2021). Sexuality in the perinatal period: A systematic review of reviews and recommendations for practice. Sexual & Reproductive Healthcare, 30, 100668. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.srhc.2021.100668
  • Jawed-Wessel, S., & Sevick, E. (2017). The impact of pregnancy and childbirth on sexual behaviors: a systematic review. The Journal of Sex Research, 54(4-5), 411-423. https://doi.org/10.1080/00224499.2016.1274715
  • Kahraman, A., Aytekin, M. Ş., & Öcalan, D. (2022). Gebelikte Yaşanan Cinsel Sorunlar ve Güncel Ebelik Yaklaşımı. Bandırma Onyedi Eylül Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri ve Araştırmaları Dergisi, 4(2), 147-155. http://doi.org/10.46413/boneyusbad.1082022
  • Kračun, I., Tul, N., Blickstein, I., & Velikonja, V. G. (2019). Quantitative and qualitative assessment of maternal sexuality during pregnancy. Journal of Perinatal Medicine, 47(3), 335-340. https://doi.org/10.1515/jpm-2018-0206
  • Khalesi, Z. B., Bokaie, M., & Attari, S. M. (2018). Effect of pregnancy on sexual function of couples. African health sciences, 18(2), 227–234. http://doi.org/10.4314/ahs.v18i2.5
  • Küçükdurmaz, F., Efe, E., Malkoç, Ö., Kolus, E., Amasyalı, A. S., & Resim, S. (2016). Prevalence and correlates of female sexual dysfunction among Turkish pregnant women. Turkish journal of urology, 42(3), 178–183. http://doi.org/10.5152/tud.2016.49207
  • Malary, M., Moosazadeh, M., Amerian, M., Sabetghadam, S., & Keramat, A. (2022). Prevalence of Female Sexual Dysfunction in Different Pregnancy Trimesters: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Journal of Holistic Nursing And Midwifery, 32(2), 98-108. https://doi.org/10.32598/jhnm.32.2.2131
  • Matthies, L. M., Wallwiener, M., Sohn, C., Reck, C., Müller, M., & Wallwiener, S. (2019). The influence of partnership quality and breastfeeding on postpartum female sexual function. Archives of gynecology and obstetrics, 299(1), 69–77. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00404-018-4925-z
  • Miranda, C. C., Perez, A. V., Bossardi, B. R., Brust, L. C., Grossi, F. S., Valério, E. G., ... & Wender, M. C. O. (2019). Sexual function in pregnant women in the public health system. Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 9(6). 764-774.
  • Mobasher, A., Ismail, S. A., Habib, D., Abu-Taleb, D., Saleh, S., & Abbas, A. M. (2019). The effect of pregnancy on female sexual function: a cross-sectional study. Journal of Current Medical Research and Practice, 4(2), 170. https://doi.org/0.4103/JCMRP.JCMRP_83_17
  • Napso, T., Yong, H. E., Lopez-Tello, J., & Sferruzzi-Perri, A. N. (2018). The role of placental hormones in mediating maternal adaptations to support pregnancy and lactation. Frontiers in physiology, 9, 1091. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2018.01091
  • Nezamnia, M., Iravani, M., Bargard, M. S., & Latify, M. (2020). Effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy on sexual function and sexual self-efficacy in pregnant women: An RCT. International journal of reproductive biomedicine, 18(8), 625–636. https://doi.org/10.18502/ijrm.v13i8.7504
  • Ribeiro, M. C., de Tubino Scanavino, M., do Amaral, M. L. S. A., de Moraes Horta, A. L., & Torloni, M. R. (2017). Beliefs about sexual activity during pregnancy: A systematic review of the literature. Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy, 43(8), 822-832. https://doi.org/10.1080/0092623X.2017.1305031
  • Seven, M., Akyüz, A., & Güngör, S. (2015). Predictors of sexual function during pregnancy. Journal of obstetrics and gynaecology, 35(7), 691–695. https://doi.org/10.3109/01443615.2015.1006596
  • Sezer, N. Y., & Şentürk Erenel, A. (2021). Development of an Attitude Scale toward Sexuality during Pregnancy. Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy, 47(5), 492-507. https://doi.org/10.1080/0092623X.2021.1911892
  • Shojaa, M., Jouybari, L., & Sanagoo, A. (2009). The sexual activity during pregnancy among a group of Iranian women. Archives of gynecology and obstetrics, 279, 353-356.
  • Taştekin Ouyaba, A., & Infal Kesim, S. (2023). The prevalence of sexual dysfunctions in pregnant women and the correlated factors: a systematic review and meta-analysis. The Journal of Sexual Medicine, 20(4), 475-487.https://doi.org/10.1093/jsxmed/qdad002
  • Wallwiener, S., Müller, M., Doster, A., Kuon, R. J., Plewniok, K., Feller, S., Wallwiener, M., Reck, C., Matthies, L. M., & Wallwiener, C. (2017). Sexual activity and sexual dysfunction of women in the perinatal period: a longitudinal study. Archives of gynecology and obstetrics, 295(4), 873–883. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00404-017-4305-0

Trimesterden Trimestere: Gebelikte Değişen Cinsel İşlevleri Anlamak

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 3, 174 - 183, 11.01.2024

Eda Tokman Zeynep Dilşah Karaçam Yılmaz

https://doi.org/10.59244/ktokusbd.1278906

Öz

Cinsellik, gebelik dönemi boyunca fizyolojik, psikososyal, hormonal ve anatomik birçok faktörden etkilenmektedir. Bu faktörler her trimestere göre farklılık göstermektedir. Gebelikte trimestere göre cinsel işlev bozukluklarının prevelansı ülkeden ülkeye, toplumdan topluma değişiklik göstermektedir. Bu değişikliğin gebelikte cinsellik ile ilgili toplumsal tabulardan kaynaklanmaktadır. Literatüre bakıldığında, gebelikte cinsel işlev bozukluklarının her trimesterde farklı olarak görüldüğü bulunmuştur. Birinci trimesterde, kadınlar bulantı-kusma, yorgunluk ve duygu-durum değişimleri gibi durumlardan etkilendikleri için cinsel işlev bozuklukları yaşayabilmektedir. İkinci trimesterde ise kadının bedeninde gelişen değişimler cinselliği olumlu yönde etkileyebilmektedir. Ancak üçüncü trimesterde, bebeğin büyümesi ve doğum korkusu nedeniyle cinsel işlev bozukluğunun arttığı görülmektedir. Ebelerin gebeliğin her trimesterinde kadınların cinsel işlevlerinin değerlendirilmesi cinsel sağlığın sürdürülmesi için oldukça önemlidir. Ayrıca gebe kadınların ebeler tarafından cinsel işlev bozuklukları hakkında bilgilendirilmesi, bu bozukluklarının tanımlanmasını yardımcı olacaktır. Bu derleme de, gebeliğin cinsel işlevler üzerindeki etkisi, trimesterlara göre ortaya çıkan cinsel işlev bozuklukları ve gebelikte cinselliğin sürdürülmesi için gereken ebelik bakımı literatür doğrultusunda gözden geçirilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Gebelik Cinsellik Ebelik Cinsel İşlev Bozuklukları

Kaynakça

  • Aksoy, A., Yılmaz, D. V., & Yılmaz, M. (2019). Gebelikte Cinsel Yaşantıyı Neler Etkiler? Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi, 3(1), 45-53. Erişim adresi: https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/amusbfd/issue/42985/428538
  • Aksoy Derya, Y., Gök Uğur, H., & Özşahin, Z. (2020). Effects of demographic and obstetric variables with body image on sexual dysfunction in pregnancy: A cross-sectional and comparative study. International Journal of Nursing Practice, 26(3), e12829. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijn.12829
  • Alizadeh, S., Riazi, H., Alavi-Majd, H., & Ozgoli, G. (2022). Prevalence of female sexual dysfunction during pregnancy in Eastern Mediterranean Regional Office Countries (EMRO): a systematic review and meta-analysis. The journal of maternal-fetal & neonatal medicine : the official journal of the European Association of Perinatal Medicine, the Federation of Asia and Oceania Perinatal Societies, the International Society of Perinatal Obstetricians, 35(25), 6654–6662. https://doi.org/10.1080/14767058.2021.1919074
  • Astepe, B. S., & Köleli, I. (2018). A cross-sectional study of female sexual dysfunction among Turkish pregnant and nonpregnant women: correlation with hormone profile. The European Research Journal, 5(2), 258-267. https://doi.org/10.18621/eurj.432490
  • Aydin, M., Cayonu, N., Kadihasanoglu, M., Irkilata, L., Atilla, M. K., & Kendirci, M. (2015). Comparison of Sexual Functions in Pregnant and Non-Pregnant Women. Urology journal, 12(5), 2339–2344. https://doi.org/10.22037/uj.v12i5.2881
  • Banaei, M., Azizi, M., Moridi, A., Dashti, S., Yabandeh, A. P., & Roozbeh, N. (2019). Sexual dysfunction and related factors in pregnancy and postpartum: a systematic review and meta-analysis protocol. Systematic reviews, 8(1), 1-5. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13643-019-1079-4
  • Bermas, B. L. (2020). Maternal adaptations to pregnancy: musculoskeletal changes and pain. Uptodate Database Syst Rev. Erişim adresi: https://www.medilib.ir/uptodate/show/427
  • Bilge, Ç., Kaydırak, M. M., Öner, Ö., & Balkaya, N. A. (2021). Gebelikte cinsel işlev ve cinsel memnuniyetin değerlendirilmesi. İnönü Üniversitesi Sağlık Hizmetleri Meslek Yüksek Okulu Dergisi, 9(2), 684-693. https://doi.org/10.33715/inonusaglik.820979
  • Cassis, C., Mukhopadhyay, S., Morris, E., & Giarenis, I. (2021). What happens to female sexual function during pregnancy?. European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, 258, 265-268. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejogrb.2021.01.003
  • Daud, S., Zahid, A. Z. M., Mohamad, M., Abdullah, B., & Mohamad, N. A. N. (2019). Prevalence of sexual dysfunction in pregnancy. Archives of gynecology and obstetrics, 300, 1279-1285. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00404-019-05273-y
  • Fuchs, A., Czech, I., Sikora, J., Fuchs, P., Lorek, M., Skrzypulec-Plinta, V., & Drosdzol-Cop, A. (2019). Sexual functioning in pregnant women. International journal of environmental research and public health, 16(21), 4216. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16214216
  • Gałązka, I., Drosdzol-Cop, A., Naworska, B., Czajkowska, M., & Skrzypulec-Plinta, V. (2015). Changes in the sexual function during pregnancy. The journal of sexual medicine, 12(2), 445-454. https://doi.org/10.1111/jsm.12747
  • Gokyildiz Surucu, S., Avcibay Vurgec, B., Kaya Senol, D., Gozuyesil, E., Bilgic, D., Onat Koroglu, C., ... & Yalcin, O. (2022). Evaluation of women's sexual quality of life, depression, and sexual functions in the pregnancy and postpartum periods: A multi‐centered study. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research, 48(6), 1379-1389. https://doi.org/10.1111/jog.15227
  • Grussu, P., Vicini, B., & Quatraro, R. M. (2021). Sexuality in the perinatal period: A systematic review of reviews and recommendations for practice. Sexual & Reproductive Healthcare, 30, 100668. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.srhc.2021.100668
  • Jawed-Wessel, S., & Sevick, E. (2017). The impact of pregnancy and childbirth on sexual behaviors: a systematic review. The Journal of Sex Research, 54(4-5), 411-423. https://doi.org/10.1080/00224499.2016.1274715
  • Kahraman, A., Aytekin, M. Ş., & Öcalan, D. (2022). Gebelikte Yaşanan Cinsel Sorunlar ve Güncel Ebelik Yaklaşımı. Bandırma Onyedi Eylül Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri ve Araştırmaları Dergisi, 4(2), 147-155. http://doi.org/10.46413/boneyusbad.1082022
  • Kračun, I., Tul, N., Blickstein, I., & Velikonja, V. G. (2019). Quantitative and qualitative assessment of maternal sexuality during pregnancy. Journal of Perinatal Medicine, 47(3), 335-340. https://doi.org/10.1515/jpm-2018-0206
  • Khalesi, Z. B., Bokaie, M., & Attari, S. M. (2018). Effect of pregnancy on sexual function of couples. African health sciences, 18(2), 227–234. http://doi.org/10.4314/ahs.v18i2.5
  • Küçükdurmaz, F., Efe, E., Malkoç, Ö., Kolus, E., Amasyalı, A. S., & Resim, S. (2016). Prevalence and correlates of female sexual dysfunction among Turkish pregnant women. Turkish journal of urology, 42(3), 178–183. http://doi.org/10.5152/tud.2016.49207
  • Malary, M., Moosazadeh, M., Amerian, M., Sabetghadam, S., & Keramat, A. (2022). Prevalence of Female Sexual Dysfunction in Different Pregnancy Trimesters: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Journal of Holistic Nursing And Midwifery, 32(2), 98-108. https://doi.org/10.32598/jhnm.32.2.2131
  • Matthies, L. M., Wallwiener, M., Sohn, C., Reck, C., Müller, M., & Wallwiener, S. (2019). The influence of partnership quality and breastfeeding on postpartum female sexual function. Archives of gynecology and obstetrics, 299(1), 69–77. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00404-018-4925-z
  • Miranda, C. C., Perez, A. V., Bossardi, B. R., Brust, L. C., Grossi, F. S., Valério, E. G., ... & Wender, M. C. O. (2019). Sexual function in pregnant women in the public health system. Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 9(6). 764-774.
  • Mobasher, A., Ismail, S. A., Habib, D., Abu-Taleb, D., Saleh, S., & Abbas, A. M. (2019). The effect of pregnancy on female sexual function: a cross-sectional study. Journal of Current Medical Research and Practice, 4(2), 170. https://doi.org/0.4103/JCMRP.JCMRP_83_17
  • Napso, T., Yong, H. E., Lopez-Tello, J., & Sferruzzi-Perri, A. N. (2018). The role of placental hormones in mediating maternal adaptations to support pregnancy and lactation. Frontiers in physiology, 9, 1091. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2018.01091
  • Nezamnia, M., Iravani, M., Bargard, M. S., & Latify, M. (2020). Effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy on sexual function and sexual self-efficacy in pregnant women: An RCT. International journal of reproductive biomedicine, 18(8), 625–636. https://doi.org/10.18502/ijrm.v13i8.7504
  • Ribeiro, M. C., de Tubino Scanavino, M., do Amaral, M. L. S. A., de Moraes Horta, A. L., & Torloni, M. R. (2017). Beliefs about sexual activity during pregnancy: A systematic review of the literature. Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy, 43(8), 822-832. https://doi.org/10.1080/0092623X.2017.1305031
  • Seven, M., Akyüz, A., & Güngör, S. (2015). Predictors of sexual function during pregnancy. Journal of obstetrics and gynaecology, 35(7), 691–695. https://doi.org/10.3109/01443615.2015.1006596
  • Sezer, N. Y., & Şentürk Erenel, A. (2021). Development of an Attitude Scale toward Sexuality during Pregnancy. Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy, 47(5), 492-507. https://doi.org/10.1080/0092623X.2021.1911892
  • Shojaa, M., Jouybari, L., & Sanagoo, A. (2009). The sexual activity during pregnancy among a group of Iranian women. Archives of gynecology and obstetrics, 279, 353-356.
  • Taştekin Ouyaba, A., & Infal Kesim, S. (2023). The prevalence of sexual dysfunctions in pregnant women and the correlated factors: a systematic review and meta-analysis. The Journal of Sexual Medicine, 20(4), 475-487.https://doi.org/10.1093/jsxmed/qdad002
  • Wallwiener, S., Müller, M., Doster, A., Kuon, R. J., Plewniok, K., Feller, S., Wallwiener, M., Reck, C., Matthies, L. M., & Wallwiener, C. (2017). Sexual activity and sexual dysfunction of women in the perinatal period: a longitudinal study. Archives of gynecology and obstetrics, 295(4), 873–883. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00404-017-4305-0
Toplam 31 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Hemşirelik
Bölüm Derleme
Yazarlar

Eda Tokman 0000-0003-4162-9211

Zeynep Dilşah Karaçam Yılmaz 0000-0002-7095-2758

Yayımlanma Tarihi 11 Ocak 2024
Gönderilme Tarihi 7 Nisan 2023
Kabul Tarihi 6 Aralık 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Cilt: 4 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA Tokman, E., & Karaçam Yılmaz, Z. D. (2024). Trimesterden Trimestere: Gebelikte Değişen Cinsel İşlevleri Anlamak. KTO Karatay Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 4(3), 174-183. https://doi.org/10.59244/ktokusbd.1278906
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