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Restoring Mobility and Independence: Evaluating the Impact of Knee Exoskeletons in Real-World Scenarios

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 1, 61 - 71, 24.06.2023
https://doi.org/10.58769/joinssr.1308638

Öz

This review paper provides a comprehensive overview of knee exoskeletons, covering their diverse applications in movement assistance, body weight support, and rehabilitation. By synthesizing current literature and analyzing recent advancements, this paper serves as a valuable resource for researchers, engineers, and healthcare professionals interested in the field of knee exoskeleton technology. The review highlights the challenges and opportunities associated with knee exoskeletons, drawing attention to areas that require further research and development. Additionally, the paper identifies the importance of lightweight and ergonomic design considerations to enhance user comfort and acceptance. Moreover, the review paper addresses the potential societal impact of knee exoskeletons. By enabling individuals with mobility impairments to regain independence and participate more actively in society, these technological advancements have the potential to enhance the overall quality of life for millions of people worldwide. Furthermore, the integration of knee exoskeletons in rehabilitation settings offers new avenues for improving the effectiveness and efficiency of therapy, potentially reducing the burden on healthcare systems. By shedding light on the current state of knee exoskeleton research and development, this review paper aims to inspire further innovation and collaboration within the scientific community. It serves as a catalyst for interdisciplinary approaches, encouraging researchers from fields such as robotics, biomechanics, and rehabilitation to collaborate and leverage their expertise to advance the capabilities and applications of knee exoskeleton technology. Ultimately, this collective effort will lead to the creation of more sophisticated, user-friendly, and clinically effective knee exoskeletons, revolutionizing the field of human augmentation and positively impacting the lives of individuals with mobility challenges.

Kaynakça

  • [1] Cowan, R. E., Fregly, B. J., Boninger, M. L., Chan, L., Rodgers, M. M., & Reinkensmeyer, D. J. (2012). Recent trends in assistive technology for mobility. Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation, 9(1), 1-8.
  • [2] Scott, R. A., Callisaya, M. L., Duque, G., Ebeling, P. R., & Scott, D. (2018). Assistive technologies to overcome sarcopenia in ageing. Maturitas, 112, 78-84.
  • [3] Young, A. J., & Ferris, D. P. (2016). State of the art and future directions for lower limb robotic exoskeletons. IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering, 25(2), 171-182.
  • [4] Yan, T., Cempini, M., Oddo, C. M., & Vitiello, N. (2015). Review of assistive strategies in powered lower-limb orthoses and exoskeletons. Robotics and Autonomous Systems, 64, 120-136.
  • [5] Hassabi, M., Abedi Yekta, A. H., Poursaeid Esfahani, M., Salehi, S., & Labibzadeh, N. (2022). The Effects of Aerobic and Resistance Exercise Therapy with and without Weight Bearing on the Outcomes of Stem Cell Therapy for Knee Osteoarthritis: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Annals of Applied Sport Science, 10(3), 1-12.
  • [6] Kruse, L. M., Gray, B., & Wright, R. W. (2012). Rehabilitation after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: a systematic review. The Journal of bone and joint surgery. American volume, 94(19), 1737.
  • [7] Fransen, M., McConnell, S., Harmer, A. R., Van der Esch, M., Simic, M., & Bennell, K. L. (2015). Exercise for osteoarthritis of the knee: a Cochrane systematic review. British journal of sports medicine, 49(24), 1554-1557.
  • [8] Hoffman, H. G., Patterson, D. R., & Carrougher, G. J. (2000). Use of virtual reality for adjunctive treatment of adult burn pain during physical therapy: a controlled study. The Clinical journal of pain, 16(3), 244-250.
  • [9] Eng, J. J., & Tang, P. F. (2007). Gait training strategies to optimize walking ability in people with stroke: a synthesis of the evidence. Expert review of neurotherapeutics, 7(10), 1417-1436.
  • [10] Veneman, J. F., Ekkelenkamp, R., Kruidhof, R., van der Helm, F. C., & van der Kooij, H. (2006). A series elastic-and bowden-cable-based actuation system for use as torque actuator in exoskeleton-type robots. The international journal of robotics research, 25(3), 261-281.
  • [11] Zhang, J., Fiers, P., Witte, K. A., Jackson, R. W., Poggensee, K. L., Atkeson, C. G., & Collins, S. H. (2017). Human-in-the-loop optimization of exoskeleton assistance during walking. Science, 356(6344), 1280-1284.
  • [12] Panizzolo, F. A., Galiana, I., Asbeck, A. T., Siviy, C., Schmidt, K., Holt, K. G., & Walsh, C. J. (2016). A biologically-inspired multi-joint soft exosuit that can reduce the energy cost of loaded walking. Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation, 13(1), 1-14.
  • [13] Walsh, C. J. A Lightweight Soft Exosuit for Gait Assistance.
  • [14] Harmer, A. R., Naylor, J. M., Crosbie, J., & Russell, T. (2009). Land‐based versus water‐based rehabilitation following total knee replacement: A randomized, single‐blind trial. Arthritis Care & Research, 61(2), 184-191.
  • [15] Coote, S., Murphy, B., Harwin, W., & Stokes, E. (2008). The effect of the GENTLE/s robot-mediated therapy system on arm function after stroke. Clinical rehabilitation, 22(5), 395-405.
  • [16] Veneman, J. F., Kruidhof, R., Hekman, E. E., Ekkelenkamp, R., Van Asseldonk, E. H., & Van Der Kooij, H. (2007). Design and evaluation of the LOPES exoskeleton robot for interactive gait rehabilitation. IEEE Transactions on neural systems and rehabilitation engineering, 15(3), 379-386.
  • [17] Dollar, A. M., & Herr, H. (2008, September). Design of a quasi-passive knee exoskeleton to assist running. In 2008 IEEE/RSJ international conference on intelligent robots and systems (pp. 747-754). IEEE.
  • [18] Kong, K., Bae, J., & Tomizuka, M. (2011). A compact rotary series elastic actuator for human assistive systems. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics, 17(2), 288-297.
  • [19] Saccares, L., Brygo, A., Sarakoglou, I., & Tsagarakis, N. G. (2017, July). A novel human effort estimation method for knee assistive exoskeletons. In 2017 International Conference on Rehabilitation Robotics (ICORR) (pp. 1266-1272). IEEE.
  • [20] Ma, H., Lai, W. Y., Liao, W. H., Fong, D. T. P., & Chan, K. M. (2013, July). Design and control of a powered knee orthosis for gait assistance. In 2013 IEEE/ASME International Conference on Advanced Intelligent Mechatronics (pp. 816-821). IEEE.
  • [21] Gregorczyk, K. N., Schiffman, J. M., & Dollar, A. M. Design and Evaluation of a Quasi-Passive Knee Exoskeleton for Investigation of Motor Adaptation in Lower Extremity Joints.
  • [22] Elliott, G., Marecki, A., & Herr, H. (2014). Design of a clutch–spring knee exoskeleton for running. Journal of Medical Devices, 8(3).
  • [23] Rifaï, H., Mohammed, S., Djouani, K., & Amirat, Y. (2016). Toward lower limbs functional rehabilitation through a knee-joint exoskeleton. IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology, 25(2), 712-719.
  • [24] Malcolm, P., Galle, S., Derave, W., & De Clercq, D. (2018). Bi-articular knee-ankle-foot exoskeleton produces higher metabolic cost reduction than weight-matched mono-articular exoskeleton. Frontiers in neuroscience, 12, 69.
  • [25] Beyl, P., Knaepen, K., Duerinck, S., Van Damme, M., Vanderborght, B., Meeusen, R., & Lefeber, D. (2011). Safe and compliant guidance by a powered knee exoskeleton for robot-assisted rehabilitation of gait. Advanced Robotics, 25(5), 513-535.
  • [26] Lee, K. M., & Wang, D. (2015, May). Design analysis of a passive weight-support lower-extremity-exoskeleton with compliant knee-joint. In 2015 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA) (pp. 5572-5577). IEEE.
  • [27] Yuan, B., Li, B., Chen, Y., Tan, B., Jiang, M., Tang, S., ... & Huang, J. (2017). Designing of a passive knee-assisting exoskeleton for weight-bearing. In Intelligent Robotics and Applications: 10th International Conference, ICIRA 2017, Wuhan, China, August 16–18, 2017, Proceedings, Part II 10 (pp. 273-285). Springer International Publishing.
  • [28] Rogers, E., Polygerinos, P., Allen, S., Panizzolo, F. A., Walsh, C. J., & Holland, D. P. (2017). A quasi-passive knee exoskeleton to assist during descent. In Wearable Robotics: Challenges and Trends: Proceedings of the 2nd International Symposium on Wearable Robotics, WeRob2016, October 18-21, 2016, Segovia, Spain (pp. 63-67). Springer International Publishing.
  • [29] Fan, L., Yan, L., Xiao, J., & Wang, F. (2017). Dynamics analysis and simulation verification of a novel knee joint exoskeleton. Journal of Vibroengineering, 19(4), 3008-3018.
  • [30] Niu, Y., Song, Z., & Dai, J. S. (2018, June). Design of the planar compliant five-bar mechanism for self-aligning knee exoskeleton. In 2018 International Conference on Reconfigurable Mechanisms and Robots (ReMAR) (pp. 1-7). IEEE.
  • [31] Wang, Y., Zhang, W., Shi, D., & Geng, Y. (2021). Design and control of an adaptive knee joint exoskeleton mechanism with buffering function. Sensors, 21(24), 8390.
  • [32] Long, Y., & Peng, Y. (2022). Design and control of a quasi-direct drive actuated knee exoskeleton. Journal of Bionic Engineering, 19(3), 678-687.
  • [33] Pratt, J. E., Krupp, B. T., Morse, C. J., & Collins, S. H. (2004, April). The RoboKnee: an exoskeleton for enhancing strength and endurance during walking. In IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation, 2004. Proceedings. ICRA'04. 2004 (Vol. 3, pp. 2430-2435). IEEE.
  • [34] Ergin, M. A., & Patoglu, V. (2011, September). A self-adjusting knee exoskeleton for robot-assisted treatment of knee injuries. In 2011 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (pp. 4917-4922). IEEE.
  • [35] Huang, T. H., Huang, H. P., Cheng, C. A., Kuan, J. Y., Lee, P. T., & Huang, S. Y. (2012, October). Design of a new hybrid control and knee orthosis for human walking and rehabilitation. In 2012 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (pp. 3653-3658). IEEE.
  • [36] Karavas, N., Ajoudani, A., Tsagarakis, N., Saglia, J., Bicchi, A., & Caldwell, D. (2013, May). Tele-impedance based stiffness and motion augmentation for a knee exoskeleton device. In 2013 IEEE international conference on robotics and automation (pp. 2194-2200). IEEE.
  • [37] Ren, Y., & Zhang, D. (2014, August). FEXO Knee: A rehabilitation device for knee joint combining functional electrical stimulation with a compliant exoskeleton. In 5th IEEE RAS/EMBS International Conference on Biomedical Robotics and Biomechatronics (pp. 683-688). IEEE.
  • [38] Liao, Y., Zhou, Z., & Wang, Q. (2015, March). BioKEX: A bionic knee exoskeleton with proxy-based sliding mode control. In 2015 IEEE International Conference on Industrial Technology (ICIT) (pp. 125-130). IEEE.
  • [39] Chen, G., Qi, P., Guo, Z., & Yu, H. (2016). Mechanical design and evaluation of a compact portable knee–ankle–foot robot for gait rehabilitation. Mechanism and Machine Theory, 103, 51-64. [40] Kamali, K., Akbari, A. A., & Akbarzadeh, A. (2016). Implementation of a trajectory predictor and an exponential sliding mode controller on a knee exoskeleton robot. Modares Mechanical Engineering, 16(6), 79-90.
  • [40] Kamali, K., Akbari, A. A., & Akbarzadeh, A. (2016). Implementation of a trajectory predictor and an exponential sliding mode controller on a knee exoskeleton robot. Modares Mechanical Engineering, 16(6), 79-90.
  • [41] Witte, K. A., Fatschel, A. M., & Collins, S. H. (2017, July). Design of a lightweight, tethered, torque-controlled knee exoskeleton. In 2017 international conference on rehabilitation robotics (ICORR) (pp. 1646-1653). IEEE.
  • [42] Khamar, M., & Edrisi, M. (2018). Designing a backstepping sliding mode controller for an assistant human knee exoskeleton based on nonlinear disturbance observer. Mechatronics, 54, 121-132.
  • [43] Lyu, M., Chen, W. H., Ding, X., Wang, J., Pei, Z., & Zhang, B. (2019). Development of an EMG-controlled knee exoskeleton to assist home rehabilitation in a game context. Frontiers in neurorobotics, 13, 67.
  • [44] Thomas, M., Washko, F., Einstein, D., Picone, R., & Thomas, A. (2021, May). Knee Exoskeleton-Review of Knee Musculature and Exoskeleton Device Proposed Design. In 2021 IEEE 3rd Eurasia Conference on Biomedical Engineering, Healthcare and Sustainability (ECBIOS) (pp. 45-48). IEEE

Restoring Mobility and Independence: Evaluating the Impact of Knee Exoskeletons in Real-World Scenarios

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 1, 61 - 71, 24.06.2023
https://doi.org/10.58769/joinssr.1308638

Öz

This review paper provides a comprehensive overview of knee exoskeletons, covering their diverse applications in movement assistance, body weight support, and rehabilitation. By synthesizing current literature and analyzing recent advancements, this paper serves as a valuable resource for researchers, engineers, and healthcare professionals interested in the field of knee exoskeleton technology. The review highlights the challenges and opportunities associated with knee exoskeletons, drawing attention to areas that require further research and development. Additionally, the paper identifies the importance of lightweight and ergonomic design considerations to enhance user comfort and acceptance. Moreover, the review paper addresses the potential societal impact of knee exoskeletons. By enabling individuals with mobility impairments to regain independence and participate more actively in society, these technological advancements have the potential to enhance the overall quality of life for millions of people worldwide. Furthermore, the integration of knee exoskeletons in rehabilitation settings offers new avenues for improving the effectiveness and efficiency of therapy, potentially reducing the burden on healthcare systems. By shedding light on the current state of knee exoskeleton research and development, this review paper aims to inspire further innovation and collaboration within the scientific community. It serves as a catalyst for interdisciplinary approaches, encouraging researchers from fields such as robotics, biomechanics, and rehabilitation to collaborate and leverage their expertise to advance the capabilities and applications of knee exoskeleton technology. Ultimately, this collective effort will lead to the creation of more sophisticated, user-friendly, and clinically effective knee exoskeletons, revolutionizing the field of human augmentation and positively impacting the lives of individuals with mobility challenges.

Kaynakça

  • [1] Cowan, R. E., Fregly, B. J., Boninger, M. L., Chan, L., Rodgers, M. M., & Reinkensmeyer, D. J. (2012). Recent trends in assistive technology for mobility. Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation, 9(1), 1-8.
  • [2] Scott, R. A., Callisaya, M. L., Duque, G., Ebeling, P. R., & Scott, D. (2018). Assistive technologies to overcome sarcopenia in ageing. Maturitas, 112, 78-84.
  • [3] Young, A. J., & Ferris, D. P. (2016). State of the art and future directions for lower limb robotic exoskeletons. IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering, 25(2), 171-182.
  • [4] Yan, T., Cempini, M., Oddo, C. M., & Vitiello, N. (2015). Review of assistive strategies in powered lower-limb orthoses and exoskeletons. Robotics and Autonomous Systems, 64, 120-136.
  • [5] Hassabi, M., Abedi Yekta, A. H., Poursaeid Esfahani, M., Salehi, S., & Labibzadeh, N. (2022). The Effects of Aerobic and Resistance Exercise Therapy with and without Weight Bearing on the Outcomes of Stem Cell Therapy for Knee Osteoarthritis: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Annals of Applied Sport Science, 10(3), 1-12.
  • [6] Kruse, L. M., Gray, B., & Wright, R. W. (2012). Rehabilitation after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: a systematic review. The Journal of bone and joint surgery. American volume, 94(19), 1737.
  • [7] Fransen, M., McConnell, S., Harmer, A. R., Van der Esch, M., Simic, M., & Bennell, K. L. (2015). Exercise for osteoarthritis of the knee: a Cochrane systematic review. British journal of sports medicine, 49(24), 1554-1557.
  • [8] Hoffman, H. G., Patterson, D. R., & Carrougher, G. J. (2000). Use of virtual reality for adjunctive treatment of adult burn pain during physical therapy: a controlled study. The Clinical journal of pain, 16(3), 244-250.
  • [9] Eng, J. J., & Tang, P. F. (2007). Gait training strategies to optimize walking ability in people with stroke: a synthesis of the evidence. Expert review of neurotherapeutics, 7(10), 1417-1436.
  • [10] Veneman, J. F., Ekkelenkamp, R., Kruidhof, R., van der Helm, F. C., & van der Kooij, H. (2006). A series elastic-and bowden-cable-based actuation system for use as torque actuator in exoskeleton-type robots. The international journal of robotics research, 25(3), 261-281.
  • [11] Zhang, J., Fiers, P., Witte, K. A., Jackson, R. W., Poggensee, K. L., Atkeson, C. G., & Collins, S. H. (2017). Human-in-the-loop optimization of exoskeleton assistance during walking. Science, 356(6344), 1280-1284.
  • [12] Panizzolo, F. A., Galiana, I., Asbeck, A. T., Siviy, C., Schmidt, K., Holt, K. G., & Walsh, C. J. (2016). A biologically-inspired multi-joint soft exosuit that can reduce the energy cost of loaded walking. Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation, 13(1), 1-14.
  • [13] Walsh, C. J. A Lightweight Soft Exosuit for Gait Assistance.
  • [14] Harmer, A. R., Naylor, J. M., Crosbie, J., & Russell, T. (2009). Land‐based versus water‐based rehabilitation following total knee replacement: A randomized, single‐blind trial. Arthritis Care & Research, 61(2), 184-191.
  • [15] Coote, S., Murphy, B., Harwin, W., & Stokes, E. (2008). The effect of the GENTLE/s robot-mediated therapy system on arm function after stroke. Clinical rehabilitation, 22(5), 395-405.
  • [16] Veneman, J. F., Kruidhof, R., Hekman, E. E., Ekkelenkamp, R., Van Asseldonk, E. H., & Van Der Kooij, H. (2007). Design and evaluation of the LOPES exoskeleton robot for interactive gait rehabilitation. IEEE Transactions on neural systems and rehabilitation engineering, 15(3), 379-386.
  • [17] Dollar, A. M., & Herr, H. (2008, September). Design of a quasi-passive knee exoskeleton to assist running. In 2008 IEEE/RSJ international conference on intelligent robots and systems (pp. 747-754). IEEE.
  • [18] Kong, K., Bae, J., & Tomizuka, M. (2011). A compact rotary series elastic actuator for human assistive systems. IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics, 17(2), 288-297.
  • [19] Saccares, L., Brygo, A., Sarakoglou, I., & Tsagarakis, N. G. (2017, July). A novel human effort estimation method for knee assistive exoskeletons. In 2017 International Conference on Rehabilitation Robotics (ICORR) (pp. 1266-1272). IEEE.
  • [20] Ma, H., Lai, W. Y., Liao, W. H., Fong, D. T. P., & Chan, K. M. (2013, July). Design and control of a powered knee orthosis for gait assistance. In 2013 IEEE/ASME International Conference on Advanced Intelligent Mechatronics (pp. 816-821). IEEE.
  • [21] Gregorczyk, K. N., Schiffman, J. M., & Dollar, A. M. Design and Evaluation of a Quasi-Passive Knee Exoskeleton for Investigation of Motor Adaptation in Lower Extremity Joints.
  • [22] Elliott, G., Marecki, A., & Herr, H. (2014). Design of a clutch–spring knee exoskeleton for running. Journal of Medical Devices, 8(3).
  • [23] Rifaï, H., Mohammed, S., Djouani, K., & Amirat, Y. (2016). Toward lower limbs functional rehabilitation through a knee-joint exoskeleton. IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology, 25(2), 712-719.
  • [24] Malcolm, P., Galle, S., Derave, W., & De Clercq, D. (2018). Bi-articular knee-ankle-foot exoskeleton produces higher metabolic cost reduction than weight-matched mono-articular exoskeleton. Frontiers in neuroscience, 12, 69.
  • [25] Beyl, P., Knaepen, K., Duerinck, S., Van Damme, M., Vanderborght, B., Meeusen, R., & Lefeber, D. (2011). Safe and compliant guidance by a powered knee exoskeleton for robot-assisted rehabilitation of gait. Advanced Robotics, 25(5), 513-535.
  • [26] Lee, K. M., & Wang, D. (2015, May). Design analysis of a passive weight-support lower-extremity-exoskeleton with compliant knee-joint. In 2015 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA) (pp. 5572-5577). IEEE.
  • [27] Yuan, B., Li, B., Chen, Y., Tan, B., Jiang, M., Tang, S., ... & Huang, J. (2017). Designing of a passive knee-assisting exoskeleton for weight-bearing. In Intelligent Robotics and Applications: 10th International Conference, ICIRA 2017, Wuhan, China, August 16–18, 2017, Proceedings, Part II 10 (pp. 273-285). Springer International Publishing.
  • [28] Rogers, E., Polygerinos, P., Allen, S., Panizzolo, F. A., Walsh, C. J., & Holland, D. P. (2017). A quasi-passive knee exoskeleton to assist during descent. In Wearable Robotics: Challenges and Trends: Proceedings of the 2nd International Symposium on Wearable Robotics, WeRob2016, October 18-21, 2016, Segovia, Spain (pp. 63-67). Springer International Publishing.
  • [29] Fan, L., Yan, L., Xiao, J., & Wang, F. (2017). Dynamics analysis and simulation verification of a novel knee joint exoskeleton. Journal of Vibroengineering, 19(4), 3008-3018.
  • [30] Niu, Y., Song, Z., & Dai, J. S. (2018, June). Design of the planar compliant five-bar mechanism for self-aligning knee exoskeleton. In 2018 International Conference on Reconfigurable Mechanisms and Robots (ReMAR) (pp. 1-7). IEEE.
  • [31] Wang, Y., Zhang, W., Shi, D., & Geng, Y. (2021). Design and control of an adaptive knee joint exoskeleton mechanism with buffering function. Sensors, 21(24), 8390.
  • [32] Long, Y., & Peng, Y. (2022). Design and control of a quasi-direct drive actuated knee exoskeleton. Journal of Bionic Engineering, 19(3), 678-687.
  • [33] Pratt, J. E., Krupp, B. T., Morse, C. J., & Collins, S. H. (2004, April). The RoboKnee: an exoskeleton for enhancing strength and endurance during walking. In IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation, 2004. Proceedings. ICRA'04. 2004 (Vol. 3, pp. 2430-2435). IEEE.
  • [34] Ergin, M. A., & Patoglu, V. (2011, September). A self-adjusting knee exoskeleton for robot-assisted treatment of knee injuries. In 2011 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (pp. 4917-4922). IEEE.
  • [35] Huang, T. H., Huang, H. P., Cheng, C. A., Kuan, J. Y., Lee, P. T., & Huang, S. Y. (2012, October). Design of a new hybrid control and knee orthosis for human walking and rehabilitation. In 2012 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (pp. 3653-3658). IEEE.
  • [36] Karavas, N., Ajoudani, A., Tsagarakis, N., Saglia, J., Bicchi, A., & Caldwell, D. (2013, May). Tele-impedance based stiffness and motion augmentation for a knee exoskeleton device. In 2013 IEEE international conference on robotics and automation (pp. 2194-2200). IEEE.
  • [37] Ren, Y., & Zhang, D. (2014, August). FEXO Knee: A rehabilitation device for knee joint combining functional electrical stimulation with a compliant exoskeleton. In 5th IEEE RAS/EMBS International Conference on Biomedical Robotics and Biomechatronics (pp. 683-688). IEEE.
  • [38] Liao, Y., Zhou, Z., & Wang, Q. (2015, March). BioKEX: A bionic knee exoskeleton with proxy-based sliding mode control. In 2015 IEEE International Conference on Industrial Technology (ICIT) (pp. 125-130). IEEE.
  • [39] Chen, G., Qi, P., Guo, Z., & Yu, H. (2016). Mechanical design and evaluation of a compact portable knee–ankle–foot robot for gait rehabilitation. Mechanism and Machine Theory, 103, 51-64. [40] Kamali, K., Akbari, A. A., & Akbarzadeh, A. (2016). Implementation of a trajectory predictor and an exponential sliding mode controller on a knee exoskeleton robot. Modares Mechanical Engineering, 16(6), 79-90.
  • [40] Kamali, K., Akbari, A. A., & Akbarzadeh, A. (2016). Implementation of a trajectory predictor and an exponential sliding mode controller on a knee exoskeleton robot. Modares Mechanical Engineering, 16(6), 79-90.
  • [41] Witte, K. A., Fatschel, A. M., & Collins, S. H. (2017, July). Design of a lightweight, tethered, torque-controlled knee exoskeleton. In 2017 international conference on rehabilitation robotics (ICORR) (pp. 1646-1653). IEEE.
  • [42] Khamar, M., & Edrisi, M. (2018). Designing a backstepping sliding mode controller for an assistant human knee exoskeleton based on nonlinear disturbance observer. Mechatronics, 54, 121-132.
  • [43] Lyu, M., Chen, W. H., Ding, X., Wang, J., Pei, Z., & Zhang, B. (2019). Development of an EMG-controlled knee exoskeleton to assist home rehabilitation in a game context. Frontiers in neurorobotics, 13, 67.
  • [44] Thomas, M., Washko, F., Einstein, D., Picone, R., & Thomas, A. (2021, May). Knee Exoskeleton-Review of Knee Musculature and Exoskeleton Device Proposed Design. In 2021 IEEE 3rd Eurasia Conference on Biomedical Engineering, Healthcare and Sustainability (ECBIOS) (pp. 45-48). IEEE
Toplam 44 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Yapay Zeka
Bölüm Derlemeler
Yazarlar

Hamid Asadi Dereshgi 0000-0002-8500-6625

Ersin Göse

Dilan Demir 0000-0001-7413-1597

Hasan Ghannam 0009-0001-6632-1064

Yayımlanma Tarihi 24 Haziran 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Cilt: 4 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Asadi Dereshgi, H., Göse, E., Demir, D., Ghannam, H. (2023). Restoring Mobility and Independence: Evaluating the Impact of Knee Exoskeletons in Real-World Scenarios. Journal of Smart Systems Research, 4(1), 61-71. https://doi.org/10.58769/joinssr.1308638
AMA Asadi Dereshgi H, Göse E, Demir D, Ghannam H. Restoring Mobility and Independence: Evaluating the Impact of Knee Exoskeletons in Real-World Scenarios. JoinSSR. Haziran 2023;4(1):61-71. doi:10.58769/joinssr.1308638
Chicago Asadi Dereshgi, Hamid, Ersin Göse, Dilan Demir, ve Hasan Ghannam. “Restoring Mobility and Independence: Evaluating the Impact of Knee Exoskeletons in Real-World Scenarios”. Journal of Smart Systems Research 4, sy. 1 (Haziran 2023): 61-71. https://doi.org/10.58769/joinssr.1308638.
EndNote Asadi Dereshgi H, Göse E, Demir D, Ghannam H (01 Haziran 2023) Restoring Mobility and Independence: Evaluating the Impact of Knee Exoskeletons in Real-World Scenarios. Journal of Smart Systems Research 4 1 61–71.
IEEE H. Asadi Dereshgi, E. Göse, D. Demir, ve H. Ghannam, “Restoring Mobility and Independence: Evaluating the Impact of Knee Exoskeletons in Real-World Scenarios”, JoinSSR, c. 4, sy. 1, ss. 61–71, 2023, doi: 10.58769/joinssr.1308638.
ISNAD Asadi Dereshgi, Hamid vd. “Restoring Mobility and Independence: Evaluating the Impact of Knee Exoskeletons in Real-World Scenarios”. Journal of Smart Systems Research 4/1 (Haziran 2023), 61-71. https://doi.org/10.58769/joinssr.1308638.
JAMA Asadi Dereshgi H, Göse E, Demir D, Ghannam H. Restoring Mobility and Independence: Evaluating the Impact of Knee Exoskeletons in Real-World Scenarios. JoinSSR. 2023;4:61–71.
MLA Asadi Dereshgi, Hamid vd. “Restoring Mobility and Independence: Evaluating the Impact of Knee Exoskeletons in Real-World Scenarios”. Journal of Smart Systems Research, c. 4, sy. 1, 2023, ss. 61-71, doi:10.58769/joinssr.1308638.
Vancouver Asadi Dereshgi H, Göse E, Demir D, Ghannam H. Restoring Mobility and Independence: Evaluating the Impact of Knee Exoskeletons in Real-World Scenarios. JoinSSR. 2023;4(1):61-7.