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Investigation of Structural Behavior of Piles in Liquefiable Cohesionless Soils

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 12 Sayı: 2, 820 - 832, 01.06.2022
https://doi.org/10.21597/jist.941865

Öz

Piled foundation design and behaviour under static and dynamic loading (wave motion, earthquake, wind, vibration loadings of machinery) conditions are study subjects that are focus of interest recently in the geotechnical engineering applications. Liquefaction can be described as strength and stiffness loss of a loose, saturated non-cohesive soil under undrained cyclic loading as a result of increasing pore water pressures which reduce effective stress. Large deformations and lateral flow occurring in the layers of liquefied soil during earthquake could lead to strength and stiffness lose which may result with pile buckling and considerably increased earthquake damage on the superstructure. Predicting the bearing capacity and the deformation shape of the piled foundations during the earthquake is essential for the economy and the structural safety of the design. In this study model pile tests are conducted in uniform sandy soil and pile structural capacity is investigated under the effects of relative density and degree of saturation of surrounding soil, and pile embedment depth. Steel rods were used to represent the piles in the model tests. Sand soil was placed in a cylindirical tank at different thicknesses to provide for different pile embedment depths. Soils were compacted at four different compaction level to provide relative densities in the range of 45-80%. Static incremental load has been applied on the upper plate of the pile system in the tests. While the increase in the relative density affects the structural capacity of the piles positively, surrounding soil being saturated has resulted with capacity losses. Experimental results show that there is a consistency between our experimental findings and literature about deformation shape and buckling length of piles in liquified soils.

Kaynakça

  • Abdoun T, Dobry R, 2002. Evaluation Of Pile Foundation Response To Lateral Spreading. Soil Dynamics And Earthquake Engineering, 22 (9–12): 1051–1058.
  • Basar E E, Çelik İ D, Fındık M, 2019. Analysis Of Lateral Loaded Single Pile By Plaxis 2D. International Symsposium On Innovations In Civil Engineering And Technology, Turkey October 23-25, 2019, P.P: 566-574.
  • Basu D, Salgado R, Prezzi M, 2009. A Continuum-Based Model For Analysis Of Laterally Loaded Piles İn Layered Soils. Geotechnique, 59(2), 127–140.
  • Basu P, Prezzi M, Basu D, 2010. Drilled Displacement Piles - Current Practice And Design. DFI Journal The Journal of the Deep Foundations Institute, 4(1): 3–20.
  • Basu P, Prezzi M, Salgado R, 2014. Modeling Of İnstallation And Quantification Of Shaft Resistance Of Drilled-Displacement Piles İn Sand. International Journal of Geomechanics, 10.1061/(ASCE)GM.1943-5622.0000303, 214–229.
  • Bhattacharya S, 2003. Pile İnstability During Earthquake Liquefaction, University Of Cambridge (UK), Phd Thesis.
  • Bhattacharya S, Madabhushi SPG, Bolton MD, 2004. An Alternative Mechanism Of Pile Failure İn Liquefiable Deposits During Earthquakes. Geotechnique, 54(April İssue, No.3):203–13.
  • Bhattacharya S, Bolton M D, Madabhushi SP, 2005. A Reconsideration Of The Safety Of The Piled Bridge Foundations İn Liquefiable Soils. Soils And Foundations, 45(4):13–26.
  • Bhattacharya S, Madabhushi SPG, 2008. A critical review of methods of pile design in seismically liquefiable soils. Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering, 6(3):407–446.
  • Bhattacharya S, Adhikari SA, 2009. A Rigorous Analytical Modelling Of Vibration Of A Pile-Supported Structure İn Liquefied Soil During Earthquakes. Geotechnique, İn Preparation.
  • Bhattacharya S., Goda K, 2013. Probabilistic Buckling Analysis Of Axially Loaded Piles İn Liquafiable Soils. Soil Dyanic And Eartquake Engineering, 45:13-24.
  • Coyle N M, Castello R R., 1981. New Design Correlations For Piles İn Sand. Journal of the Geotechnical Engineering Division,107(7), 965–986.
  • Dash S R, Govindaraju L, Bhattacharya S, 2009. A Case Study Of Damages Of The Kandla Port And Customs Office Tower Supported On A Mat-Pile Foundation İn Liquefied Soils Under The 2001 Bhuj Earthquake. Soil Dynamics And Earthquake Engineering, 29(2): 333–46.
  • Dash S R, Bhattacharya S , Blakeborough A, 2010. Bending–Buckling İnteraction As A Failure Mechanism Of Piles İn Liquefiable Soils, Soil Dynamics And Earthquake Engineering, 30(1-2): 32-39. Fındık M, Çelik İ D, Basar E E, 2019. Evaluation Of The Siesmic Performance Of Pier Structure Designed For 3 Different Pile Systems Sittings To Sand Soil. International Symsposium On Innovations In Civil Engineering And Technology, Turkey October 23-25, 2019, P.P: 552-566.
  • Finn WDL, Fujita N, 2002. Piles İn Liquefiable Soils: Seismic Analysis And Design İssues. Soil Dynamics And Earthquake Engineering, 22(9–12):731–42.
  • Goh S, O’Rourke TD, 1999. Limit State Model For Soil–Pile İnteraction During Lateral Spread. In: Proceedings Of The Seventh US– Japan Workshop On Earthquake Resistant Design Of Lifeline Facilitie Sand Countermeasures Against Soil Liquefaction, Seattle: 237–60.
  • Ishihara K. 1997, Terzaghi Oration: Geotechnical Aspects Of The 1995 Kobe Earth-Quake. In: Proceedings Of 14th İnternational Conference On Soil Mechanics And Foundation Engineering, Vol.4, Hamburg: 2047–73.
  • Jesmani M, Nabavi S H, Kamalzare M, 2012. Numerical Analysis Of Bunckling Behavior Of Concrete Piles Under Axial Load Embeddedin Sand. Arabian Journal For Science And Engineering, 39: 2683-2693.
  • Kimura Y, Tokimatsu K, 2005. Buckling Stress Of Steel Pile With Vertical Load İn Liquefied Soil. Journal Of Structural Ans Constuction Engineering, 70 (595) :73-78.
  • Liu HL, Ren LW, Zheng H (2010a) Full-scale model test on load transfer mechanism for jet grouting soil-cement-pile strengthened pile. Rock Soil Mech (In Chinese) 31(5):1395–1401
  • Liu HL, Tao XJ, Zhang JW, Chen YM (2010b) Behavior of PCC pile composite foundation under lateral load. Rock Soil Mech (In Chinese) 31(9):2716–2722
  • Marzulli V, Sandeep C S, Senetakis K, Cafaro F, Pöschel T, 2021. Scale And Water Effects On The Friction Angles Of Two Granular Soils With Different Roughness. Powder Technology, 377:813-826.
  • Nadeem M, Chakraborty T, ASCE A M, Matsagar V, 2015. Nonlinear Buckling Analysis Of Slender Piles With Geometric Imperfections. Journal Of Geotechnical And Geonvironmental Engineering, 141(1) :06014014.
  • Sadrakerimi J., Asem A. (2010). ―The Effect of Pile Spacing On Bearing Capacity of Pile Groups‖, From Research to Design in European Practice, Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
  • Salgado R, 2008. The engineering of foundations, Mc Graw Hill, New York.
  • Sawwaf, M. (2010). ―Experimental Study of Eccentrically Loaded Raft with Connected and Unconnected Short Piles‖, J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., ASCE, 136:1394-1402.
  • Seo H, Basu, D, Prezzi M, Salgado, R, (2009). Load-Settlement Response Of Rectangular And Circular Piles İn Multilayered Soil. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2009)135:3(420), 420–430. Shanker K, Basudhar PK, Patra NR, 2007. Buckling Of Piles Under Liquefied Soil Conditions. Geotechnical And Geological Engineering, 25(3) : 303-313.
  • Tamura S, Higuchi Y, Adachi K, Hayashi Y, Yamazaki M (2009) Effects of existing piles on vertical bearing capacity of new piles based on centrifuge tests–Comparison between rough and smooth surfaces new piles. J Struct Constr Eng AIJ 74(645):2039–2044.
  • Tokimatsu K, Oh-oka Hiroshi, Satake K, Shamoto Y, Asaka Y, 1997. Failure And Deformation Modes Of Piles Due To Liquefaction-İnduced Lateral Spreading İn The 1995 Hyogoken-Nambu Earthquake. Journal Of Structural And Construction Engineering, AIJ (Japan), (495): 95–100.
  • Tokimatsu K, Hiroshi OO, Satake K, Shamoto Y, Asaka Y,1998. Effects Of Lateral Ground Movements On Failure Patterns Of Piles İn The 1995 Hyogoken-Nambu Earthquake. In: Proceedings Of A Speciality Conference, Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering And Soil Dynamics III. ASCE Geotechnical Special Publication, 1175–86.
  • Tomlinson M J, Woodward, J. 2007. Pile Design And Construction Practice, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.
  • Vesic, A. S, 1977. Design Of Pile Foundations.” Transportation Research Record 42, Transportation Research Board, Washington, DC.
  • Yetimoğlu, T., 1998. Bearin Capacity Of Footingon Viratory Compacted Sand. Technical Journal: 1587-1600
  • Yılmaz, B. 2010. An Analytical and Experimental Study On Piled Raft Foundational, PhD Thesis, The Graduate School Of Natural And Applied Sciences of M.E.T.U., Ankara.
  • Zhang X, Tang l, Ling X z Chang A, 2020. Critical Buckling Load Of Pile İn Liqufied Soils. Soil Dynamics And Earthquake Engineering. 135: 106197.
Yıl 2022, Cilt: 12 Sayı: 2, 820 - 832, 01.06.2022
https://doi.org/10.21597/jist.941865

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Abdoun T, Dobry R, 2002. Evaluation Of Pile Foundation Response To Lateral Spreading. Soil Dynamics And Earthquake Engineering, 22 (9–12): 1051–1058.
  • Basar E E, Çelik İ D, Fındık M, 2019. Analysis Of Lateral Loaded Single Pile By Plaxis 2D. International Symsposium On Innovations In Civil Engineering And Technology, Turkey October 23-25, 2019, P.P: 566-574.
  • Basu D, Salgado R, Prezzi M, 2009. A Continuum-Based Model For Analysis Of Laterally Loaded Piles İn Layered Soils. Geotechnique, 59(2), 127–140.
  • Basu P, Prezzi M, Basu D, 2010. Drilled Displacement Piles - Current Practice And Design. DFI Journal The Journal of the Deep Foundations Institute, 4(1): 3–20.
  • Basu P, Prezzi M, Salgado R, 2014. Modeling Of İnstallation And Quantification Of Shaft Resistance Of Drilled-Displacement Piles İn Sand. International Journal of Geomechanics, 10.1061/(ASCE)GM.1943-5622.0000303, 214–229.
  • Bhattacharya S, 2003. Pile İnstability During Earthquake Liquefaction, University Of Cambridge (UK), Phd Thesis.
  • Bhattacharya S, Madabhushi SPG, Bolton MD, 2004. An Alternative Mechanism Of Pile Failure İn Liquefiable Deposits During Earthquakes. Geotechnique, 54(April İssue, No.3):203–13.
  • Bhattacharya S, Bolton M D, Madabhushi SP, 2005. A Reconsideration Of The Safety Of The Piled Bridge Foundations İn Liquefiable Soils. Soils And Foundations, 45(4):13–26.
  • Bhattacharya S, Madabhushi SPG, 2008. A critical review of methods of pile design in seismically liquefiable soils. Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering, 6(3):407–446.
  • Bhattacharya S, Adhikari SA, 2009. A Rigorous Analytical Modelling Of Vibration Of A Pile-Supported Structure İn Liquefied Soil During Earthquakes. Geotechnique, İn Preparation.
  • Bhattacharya S., Goda K, 2013. Probabilistic Buckling Analysis Of Axially Loaded Piles İn Liquafiable Soils. Soil Dyanic And Eartquake Engineering, 45:13-24.
  • Coyle N M, Castello R R., 1981. New Design Correlations For Piles İn Sand. Journal of the Geotechnical Engineering Division,107(7), 965–986.
  • Dash S R, Govindaraju L, Bhattacharya S, 2009. A Case Study Of Damages Of The Kandla Port And Customs Office Tower Supported On A Mat-Pile Foundation İn Liquefied Soils Under The 2001 Bhuj Earthquake. Soil Dynamics And Earthquake Engineering, 29(2): 333–46.
  • Dash S R, Bhattacharya S , Blakeborough A, 2010. Bending–Buckling İnteraction As A Failure Mechanism Of Piles İn Liquefiable Soils, Soil Dynamics And Earthquake Engineering, 30(1-2): 32-39. Fındık M, Çelik İ D, Basar E E, 2019. Evaluation Of The Siesmic Performance Of Pier Structure Designed For 3 Different Pile Systems Sittings To Sand Soil. International Symsposium On Innovations In Civil Engineering And Technology, Turkey October 23-25, 2019, P.P: 552-566.
  • Finn WDL, Fujita N, 2002. Piles İn Liquefiable Soils: Seismic Analysis And Design İssues. Soil Dynamics And Earthquake Engineering, 22(9–12):731–42.
  • Goh S, O’Rourke TD, 1999. Limit State Model For Soil–Pile İnteraction During Lateral Spread. In: Proceedings Of The Seventh US– Japan Workshop On Earthquake Resistant Design Of Lifeline Facilitie Sand Countermeasures Against Soil Liquefaction, Seattle: 237–60.
  • Ishihara K. 1997, Terzaghi Oration: Geotechnical Aspects Of The 1995 Kobe Earth-Quake. In: Proceedings Of 14th İnternational Conference On Soil Mechanics And Foundation Engineering, Vol.4, Hamburg: 2047–73.
  • Jesmani M, Nabavi S H, Kamalzare M, 2012. Numerical Analysis Of Bunckling Behavior Of Concrete Piles Under Axial Load Embeddedin Sand. Arabian Journal For Science And Engineering, 39: 2683-2693.
  • Kimura Y, Tokimatsu K, 2005. Buckling Stress Of Steel Pile With Vertical Load İn Liquefied Soil. Journal Of Structural Ans Constuction Engineering, 70 (595) :73-78.
  • Liu HL, Ren LW, Zheng H (2010a) Full-scale model test on load transfer mechanism for jet grouting soil-cement-pile strengthened pile. Rock Soil Mech (In Chinese) 31(5):1395–1401
  • Liu HL, Tao XJ, Zhang JW, Chen YM (2010b) Behavior of PCC pile composite foundation under lateral load. Rock Soil Mech (In Chinese) 31(9):2716–2722
  • Marzulli V, Sandeep C S, Senetakis K, Cafaro F, Pöschel T, 2021. Scale And Water Effects On The Friction Angles Of Two Granular Soils With Different Roughness. Powder Technology, 377:813-826.
  • Nadeem M, Chakraborty T, ASCE A M, Matsagar V, 2015. Nonlinear Buckling Analysis Of Slender Piles With Geometric Imperfections. Journal Of Geotechnical And Geonvironmental Engineering, 141(1) :06014014.
  • Sadrakerimi J., Asem A. (2010). ―The Effect of Pile Spacing On Bearing Capacity of Pile Groups‖, From Research to Design in European Practice, Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
  • Salgado R, 2008. The engineering of foundations, Mc Graw Hill, New York.
  • Sawwaf, M. (2010). ―Experimental Study of Eccentrically Loaded Raft with Connected and Unconnected Short Piles‖, J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., ASCE, 136:1394-1402.
  • Seo H, Basu, D, Prezzi M, Salgado, R, (2009). Load-Settlement Response Of Rectangular And Circular Piles İn Multilayered Soil. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2009)135:3(420), 420–430. Shanker K, Basudhar PK, Patra NR, 2007. Buckling Of Piles Under Liquefied Soil Conditions. Geotechnical And Geological Engineering, 25(3) : 303-313.
  • Tamura S, Higuchi Y, Adachi K, Hayashi Y, Yamazaki M (2009) Effects of existing piles on vertical bearing capacity of new piles based on centrifuge tests–Comparison between rough and smooth surfaces new piles. J Struct Constr Eng AIJ 74(645):2039–2044.
  • Tokimatsu K, Oh-oka Hiroshi, Satake K, Shamoto Y, Asaka Y, 1997. Failure And Deformation Modes Of Piles Due To Liquefaction-İnduced Lateral Spreading İn The 1995 Hyogoken-Nambu Earthquake. Journal Of Structural And Construction Engineering, AIJ (Japan), (495): 95–100.
  • Tokimatsu K, Hiroshi OO, Satake K, Shamoto Y, Asaka Y,1998. Effects Of Lateral Ground Movements On Failure Patterns Of Piles İn The 1995 Hyogoken-Nambu Earthquake. In: Proceedings Of A Speciality Conference, Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering And Soil Dynamics III. ASCE Geotechnical Special Publication, 1175–86.
  • Tomlinson M J, Woodward, J. 2007. Pile Design And Construction Practice, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.
  • Vesic, A. S, 1977. Design Of Pile Foundations.” Transportation Research Record 42, Transportation Research Board, Washington, DC.
  • Yetimoğlu, T., 1998. Bearin Capacity Of Footingon Viratory Compacted Sand. Technical Journal: 1587-1600
  • Yılmaz, B. 2010. An Analytical and Experimental Study On Piled Raft Foundational, PhD Thesis, The Graduate School Of Natural And Applied Sciences of M.E.T.U., Ankara.
  • Zhang X, Tang l, Ling X z Chang A, 2020. Critical Buckling Load Of Pile İn Liqufied Soils. Soil Dynamics And Earthquake Engineering. 135: 106197.
Toplam 35 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular İnşaat Mühendisliği
Bölüm İnşaat Mühendisliği / Civil Engineering
Yazarlar

Ercan Egemen Başar 0000-0001-8175-6923

Devran Çelik 0000-0001-9011-4041

Soner Uzundurukan 0000-0003-4080-6642

Münire Fındık 0000-0001-7333-8713

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 31 Mayıs 2022
Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Haziran 2022
Gönderilme Tarihi 24 Mayıs 2021
Kabul Tarihi 11 Şubat 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022 Cilt: 12 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Başar, E. E., Çelik, D., Uzundurukan, S., Fındık, M. (2022). Investigation of Structural Behavior of Piles in Liquefiable Cohesionless Soils. Journal of the Institute of Science and Technology, 12(2), 820-832. https://doi.org/10.21597/jist.941865
AMA Başar EE, Çelik D, Uzundurukan S, Fındık M. Investigation of Structural Behavior of Piles in Liquefiable Cohesionless Soils. Iğdır Üniv. Fen Bil Enst. Der. Haziran 2022;12(2):820-832. doi:10.21597/jist.941865
Chicago Başar, Ercan Egemen, Devran Çelik, Soner Uzundurukan, ve Münire Fındık. “Investigation of Structural Behavior of Piles in Liquefiable Cohesionless Soils”. Journal of the Institute of Science and Technology 12, sy. 2 (Haziran 2022): 820-32. https://doi.org/10.21597/jist.941865.
EndNote Başar EE, Çelik D, Uzundurukan S, Fındık M (01 Haziran 2022) Investigation of Structural Behavior of Piles in Liquefiable Cohesionless Soils. Journal of the Institute of Science and Technology 12 2 820–832.
IEEE E. E. Başar, D. Çelik, S. Uzundurukan, ve M. Fındık, “Investigation of Structural Behavior of Piles in Liquefiable Cohesionless Soils”, Iğdır Üniv. Fen Bil Enst. Der., c. 12, sy. 2, ss. 820–832, 2022, doi: 10.21597/jist.941865.
ISNAD Başar, Ercan Egemen vd. “Investigation of Structural Behavior of Piles in Liquefiable Cohesionless Soils”. Journal of the Institute of Science and Technology 12/2 (Haziran 2022), 820-832. https://doi.org/10.21597/jist.941865.
JAMA Başar EE, Çelik D, Uzundurukan S, Fındık M. Investigation of Structural Behavior of Piles in Liquefiable Cohesionless Soils. Iğdır Üniv. Fen Bil Enst. Der. 2022;12:820–832.
MLA Başar, Ercan Egemen vd. “Investigation of Structural Behavior of Piles in Liquefiable Cohesionless Soils”. Journal of the Institute of Science and Technology, c. 12, sy. 2, 2022, ss. 820-32, doi:10.21597/jist.941865.
Vancouver Başar EE, Çelik D, Uzundurukan S, Fındık M. Investigation of Structural Behavior of Piles in Liquefiable Cohesionless Soils. Iğdır Üniv. Fen Bil Enst. Der. 2022;12(2):820-32.