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Dirençli Nişastanın Glisemik İndeks ve Glisemik Kontrol Üzerindeki Etkisi

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 2, 211 - 223, 03.01.2024

Esila Bayar Suphiye Mine Yurttagül

Öz

İnsan sağlığını geliştirici olarak çeşitli besin bileşenlerinin kullanılması ve bu şekilde besinlerin fonksiyonel hale gelmesi üzerine düşünülmekte, çeşitli araştırmalar yapılmakta ve ürünler geliştirilmektedir. Diyet posası bu bağlamda insan sağlığı üzerinde iyileştirici etkileri olan bir bileşen olup prebiyotik olarak bağırsak sağlığının gelişiminde de rol almaktadır. Prebiyotikler “sağlık yararı sağlayan konak mikroorganizmalar tarafından seçici olarak kullanılan madde” olarak tanımlanmakta, bağırsaklarda bulunan sağlığa yararlı organizmaları olumlu yönde etkilediği bilinmektedir. Dirençli nişastanın ise diyet posası türlerinden olup bağırsak sağlığı ile glisemik kontrol ve lipit metabolizması üzerinde olumlu etkilerinin olduğu bilinmektedir. Dirençli nişastanın postprandiyal glikoz ve insülin yanıtında azalmaya yol açtığı, insülin duyarlılığını arttırdığı, inflamasyonu bastırma yönünde etkili olduğu ve kanseri iyileştirici bir unsur olarak kullanılabileceğine dair çeşitli fikirler öne sürülmektedir. Dirençli nişasta tüketiminin glisemik kontrol üzerine yararlı etkileri olduğuna dair güçlü kanıtlar bulunmaktadır. Yapılan çalışmalarda, dirençli nişastanın, postprandiyal kan glikozu ve insülin yanıtını azalttığı, daha iyi bir glisemik kontrol sağladığı, besinlerin düşük glisemik indeksli hale gelmesinde rol aldığı, fermantasyonu arttırdığı, açlık duygusunu ve yeme arzusunu bastırdığı, inflamatuar belirteçlerde azalma sağladığına yönelik çok çeşitli sonuçlar olduğu gibi, herhangi bir etkinin gözlenmediğine dair sonuçlar da mevcuttur. Bu derleme yazıda, dirençli nişastanın glisemik indeks ve glisemik kontrol üzerindeki etkilerine yönelik çalışmalar incelenmiş, fonksiyonel bir bileşen olarak dirençli nişastanın kullanımına yönelik görüşlere ve bilgilere yer verilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

dirençli nişasta glisemik indeks glisemik kontrol prebiyotik

Kaynakça

  • Candal, C., & Erbas, M. (2019). The effects of different processes on enzyme resistant starch content and glycemic index value of wheat flour and using this flour in biscuit production. Journal of Food Science and Technology, 56(9), 4110–4120. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13197-019-03880-w.
  • Li, P. H., Wang, C. W., Lu, W. C., Chan, Y. J., & Wang, C. C. R. (2022). Effect of Resistant Starch Sources on the Physical Properties of Dough and on the Eating Quality and Glycemic Index of Salted Noodles. Foods, 11(6). https://doi.org/10.3390/foods11060814.
  • Roman, L., & Martinez, M. M. (2019). Structural Basis of Resistant Starch (RS) in Bread: Natural and Commercial Alternatives. Foods, 8(7). https://doi.org/10.3390/foods8070267.
  • Lejk, A., Myśliwiec, M., & Myśliwiec, A. (2019). Effect of eating resistant starch on the development of overweight, obesity, and disorders of carbohydrate metabolism in children. Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, 25(2), 81–84. https://doi.org/10.5114/pedm.2019.85818.
  • Parween, S., Anonuevo, J. J., Butardo, V. M., Misra, G., Anacleto, R., Llorente, C., Kosik O., Romero M.V., Bandonil, E.H., Mendioro, M.S., Lovegrove, A., Fernie, A.R., Brotman, Y., Sreenivasulu, N. (2020). Balancing the double-edged sword effect of increased resistant starch content and its impact on rice texture: its genetics and molecular physiological mechanisms. Plant Biotechnology Journal, 18(8), 1763–1777. https://doi.org/10.1111/pbi.13339. Garipoğlu, G. (2019). Enzime Dirençli Nişasta Kullanarak Fonksiyonel Galeta Geliştirilmesi. European Journal of Science and Technology, 375–380. https://doi.org/10.31590/ejosat.514165.
  • Xiong, K., Wang, J., Kang, T., Xu, F., & Ma, A. (2021, June 14). Effects of resistant starch on glycaemic control: A systematic review and meta-analysis. British Journal of Nutrition. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114520003700.
  • Hughes, R. L., Horn, W. H., Finnegan, P., Newman, J. W., Marco, M. L., Keim, N. L., & Kable, M. E. (2021). Resistant starch type 2 from wheat reduces postprandial glycemic response with concurrent alterations in gut microbiota composition. Nutrients, 13(2), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13020645.
  • Warman, D. J., Jia, H., & Kato, H. (2022). The Potential Roles of Probiotics, Resistant Starch, and Resistant Proteins in Ameliorating Inflammation during Aging (Inflammaging). Nutrients. MDPI. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14040747.
  • Chen, M. H., Bett-Garber, K., Lea, J., McClung, A., & Bergman, C. (2022). High Resistant Starch Rice: Variation in Starch Related SNPs, and Functional, and Sensory Properties. Foods, 11(1). https://doi.org/10.3390/foods11010094.
  • Shen, L., Li, J., & Li, Y. (2022). Resistant starch formation in rice: Genetic regulation and beyond. Plant Communications. Cell Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xplc.2022.100329.
  • Gropper, S. S., Smith, J. L., & Carr, T. P. (2020). Advanced Nutrition and Human Metabolism Eight Edition. Mikulíková, D., & Kraic, J. (2006). Natural sources of health-promoting starch. Journal of Food and Nutrition Research, 45(2), 69–76.
  • Gourineni, V., Stewart, M. L., Wilcox, M. L., & Maki, K. C. (2020). Nutritional Bar with Potato-Based Resistant Starch Attenuated Post-Prandial Glucose and Insulin Response in Healthy Adults. Foods, 9(11). https://doi.org/10.3390/foods9111679.
  • Arias-Córdova, Y., Ble-Castillo, J. L., García-Vázquez, C., Olvera-Hernández, V., Ramos-García, M., Navarrete-Cortes, A., Jiménez-Domínguez, G., Juárez-Rojop, I.E., Tovilla-Zarate, C.A, Martinez-Lopez, M.C., & Méndez, J. D. (2021). Resistant starch consumption effects on glycemic control and glycemic variability in patients with type 2 diabetes: A randomized crossover study. Nutrients, 13(11). https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13114052.
  • Stewart, M. L., Wilcox, M. L., Bell, M., Buggia, M. A., & Maki, K. C. (2018). Type-4 resistant starch in substitution for available carbohydrate reduces postprandial glycemic response and hunger in acute, randomized, double-blind, controlled study. Nutrients, 10(2). https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10020129.
  • Kumar, A., Sahoo, U., Baisakha, B., Okpani, O. A., Ngangkham, U., Parameswaran, C. Basak, N., Kumar, G., & Sharma, S. G. (2018). Resistant starch could be decisive in determining the glycemic index of rice cultivars. Journal of Cereal Science, 79, 348–353. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcs.2017.11.013.
  • Steele, T. J., Steele, C. C., Maningat, C. C., Seib, P. A., Haub, M. D., & Rosenkranz, S. K. (2022). Glycemic and Insulinemic Responses of Healthy Humans to a Nutrition Bar with or without Added Fibersym® RW, a Cross-Linked Phosphorylated RS4-Type Resistant Wheat Starch. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(21). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192113804.
  • Karabıyıklı, Ş., & Donat, İ. (2019). Prebiyotik Diyet Liflerinin Kolon Mikrobiyatası ve Sağlık Üzerine Etkileri. Journal of New Results in Engineering and Natural Sciences, (10), 1–15. Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/jrens/issue/51458/652490.
  • Weickert, M. O., & Pfeiffer, A. F. H. (2018). Impact of dietary fiber consumption on insulin resistance and the prevention of type 2 diabetes. Journal of Nutrition, 148(1), 7–12. https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/nxx008.
  • Merenkova, S. P., Zinina, O. V., Stuart, M., Okuskhanova, E. K., & Androsova, N. V. (2020). Effects of dietary fiber on human health: A review. Human Sport Medicine, 20(3), 106–113. https://doi.org/10.14529/HSM200113.
  • Makki, K., Deehan, E. C., Walter, J., & Bäckhed, F. (2018). The Impact of Dietary Fiber on Gut Microbiota in Host Health and Disease. Cell Host and Microbe. Cell Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chom.2018.05.012.
  • Alfa, M. J., Strang, D., Tappia, P. S., Olson, N., DeGagne, P., Bray, D., Murray B., & Hiebert, B. (2017). A randomized placebo controlled clinical trial to determine the impact of digestion resistant starch MSPrebiotic® on glucose, insulin, and insulin resistance in elderly and mid-age adults. Frontiers in Medicine, 4(JAN). https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2017.00260.
  • International Diabetes Federation. IDF Diabetes Atlas. Brussels: International Diabetes Federation. 2019. Avogaro, A., & Fadini, G. P. (2019, September 15). Microvascular complications in diabetes: A growing concern for cardiologists. International Journal of Cardiology. Elsevier Ireland Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcard.2019.02.030.
  • Peterson, C. M., Beyl, R. A., Marlatt, K. L., Martin, C. K., Aryana, K. J., Marco, M. L., Roy, M., Michael J, K., & Ravussin, E. (2018). Effect of 12 wk of resistant starch supplementation on cardiometabolic risk factors in adults with prediabetes: A randomized controlled trial. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 108(3), 492–501. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/nqy121.
  • Karabudak, E., & Demirel, M. D. (2019). Diyetin Mikrobiyotaya Etkisi ve Obeziteye Yansımaları. Acibadem Universitesi Saglik Bilimleri Dergisi, 10(1), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.31067/0.2019.101.
  • Tekin, T., & Fisunoğlu, M. (2020). Effect of Resistant Starch on Inflammatory Bowel Diseases and Microbiota. Journal of Traditional Medical Complementary Therapies, 3(1), 99–106. https://doi.org/10.5336/jtracom.2019-72218.
  • Tuaño, A. P. P., Barcellano, E. C. G., & Rodriguez, M. S. (2021). Resistant starch levels and in vitro starch digestibility of selected cooked Philippine brown and milled rices varying in apparent amylose content and glycemic index. Food Chemistry: Molecular Sciences, 2. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fochms.2021.100010.
  • Patterson, M. A., Maiya, M., & Stewart, M. L. (2020). Resistant Starch Content in Foods Commonly Consumed in the United States: A Narrative Review. Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, 120(2), 230–244. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jand.2019.10.019.
  • Zafar, T. A., Martin, B., & Weaver, C. M. (2010). Resistant Starches (RS2 and RS3) have Variable Effects on Bone Mineral Status in Rats. The Open Nutrition Journal, 3(1), 17–22. https://doi.org/10.2174/1874288200903010017.
  • Noor, N., Gani, A., Jhan, F., Jenno, J. L. H., & Arif Dar, M. (2021). Resistant starch type 2 from lotus stem: Ultrasonic effect on physical and nutraceutical properties. Ultrasonics Sonochemistry, 76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultsonch.2021.105655.
  • Wang, Y., Chen, J., Song, Y. H., Zhao, R., Xia, L., Chen, Y., Cui, Y., Rao, Z., Zhou, Y., Zhuang W., & Wu, X. T. (2019). Effects of the resistant starch on glucose, insulin, insulin resistance, and lipid parameters in overweight or obese adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutrition and Diabetes. Nature Publishing Group. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41387-019-0086-9.
  • Stewart, M. L., & Zimmer, J. P. (2018). Postprandial glucose and insulin response to a high-fiber muffin top containing resistant starch type 4 in healthy adults: a double-blind, randomized, controlled trial. Nutrition, 53, 59–63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nut.2018.01.002.
  • Mah, E., Garcia-Campayo, V., & Liska, D. A. (2018). Substitution of corn starch with resistant starch type 4 in a breakfast bar decreases postprandial glucose and insulin responses: A randomized, controlled, crossover study. Current Developments in Nutrition, 2(10), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzy066.
  • Steele, T. J., Maningat, C. C., Seib, P. A., Haub, M. D., & Rosenkranz, S. K. (2021). Metabolic Responses to Native Wheat Starch (MidsolTM50) versus Resistant Wheat Starch Type 4 (Fibersym®RW): Standard versus Marketplace Testing Protocols. Current Developments in Nutrition, 5(3). https://doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzab011.
  • García-Vázquez, C., Ble-Castillo, J. L., Arias-Córdova, Y., Ramos-García, M., Olvera-Hernández, V., Guzmán-Priego, C. G., Martínez-López, MC., Jiménez-Domínguez, G., & Hernández-Becerra, J. A. (2023). Effects of resistant starch on glycemic response, postprandial lipemia and appetite in subjects with type 2 diabetes. European Journal of Nutrition, 62(5), 2269–2278. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-023-03154-4.
  • Wolever, T. M. S., Maningat, C. C., Seib, P. A., Campbell, J. E., & Jenkins, A. L. (2023). Cross-linked phosphorylated RS4 wheat starch reduces glucose and insulin responses after 3 days of pre-feeding in healthy adults: an acute, double-blind, randomized controlled clinical trial. International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition, 74(5), 621–629. https://doi.org/10.1080/09637486.2023.2236809.
  • Tongyu, M., & Chong-Do, L. (2021). Effect of High Dose Resistant Starch on Human Glycemic Response. Journal of Nutritional Medicine and Diet Care, 7(1). https://doi.org/10.23937/2572-3278/1510048.
  • Arıbaş, Merve (2020). Tip 4 Enzime Dirençli Nişasta İlavesiyle Üretilen Ekmek ve Makarna Örneklerinde Tahmini Glisemik İndeks Değerlerinin ve Bazı Fonksiyonel Özelliklerinin İncelenmesi. (Tez No. 640147) [Doktora Tezi, Hacettepe Üniversitesi] YÖK Tez Merkezi.
  • Mohebbi, Z., Azizi-Lalabadi, M., Hosseini, S. J., Abdi Nowrouzani, S., Alizadeh, M., & Homayouni, A. (2019). The effects of prebiotic bread containing oat ß-glucan and resistant starch on the glycemic index and glycemic load in healthy individuals. Nutrition and Food Science, 49(6), 1029–1038. https://doi.org/10.1108/NFS-10-2018-0292.
  • Halajzadeh, J., Milajerdi, A., Reiner, Ž., Amirani, E., Kolahdooz, F., Barekat, M., Mirzaei, H., Mirhashemi S.M., & Asemi, Z. (2020). Effects of resistant starch on glycemic control, serum lipoproteins and systemic inflammation in patients with metabolic syndrome and related disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition. Bellwether Publishing, Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2019.1680950.
  • Pugh, J. E., Cai, M., Altieri, N., & Frost, G. (2023). A comparison of the effects of resistant starch types on glycemic response in individuals with type 2 diabetes or prediabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Frontiers in Nutrition. Frontiers Media S.A. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2023.1118229.

Effect of Resistant Starch on Glycemic Index and Glycemic Control

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 2, 211 - 223, 03.01.2024

Esila Bayar Suphiye Mine Yurttagül

Öz

The use of various nutritional components to improve human health and functionalization of nutrients in this way is being considered, various researches are being conducted and products are being developed. In this context, dietary fiber is a component that has healing effects on human health and plays a role in the development of intestinal health as a prebiotic. Prebiotics are defined as "substances selectively used by host microorganisms that provide health benefits" and are known to positively affect the health beneficial organisms in the intestines. Resistant starch, a type of dietary fiber, is also known to have positive effects on gut health, glycemic control and lipid metabolism, and following its discovery, resistant starch has received considerable attention in recent years as a non-glycemic, starch-based source of dietary fiber that, if consumed, can potentially reduce the threat of diet-related non-communicable diseases such as obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndrome and colon cancer. There is strong evidence for improved glycemic control following consumption of resistant starch. Resistant starch-rich sources have recently attracted interest in the production of commercial foods as well. The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) has given a positive opinion on the use of enzyme-resistant starch, in moderation, in carbohydrate-rich bakery products, which may help with insulin regulation and postprandial blood glucose, and approved the health claims for resistant starch. EFSA stated that "replacing digestible starch with resistant starch results in a lower blood glucose rise after a meal" and the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) stated that "high amylose resistant starch from maize may reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes". Studies have shown that resistant starch reduces postprandial blood glucose and insulin response, provides better glycemic control, plays a role in making foods with a low glycemic index, increases fermentation, suppresses hunger and cravings, and results in a decrease in inflammatory markers. At the same time, there are also results that no effect was observed. Considering the effect size, mechanism and related factors of chronic diseases, it can be considered that the use of resistant starch as a functional component may be effective in the prevention and treatment of these diseases and may be a factor that improves the lives of healthy individuals.

Anahtar Kelimeler

resistant starch glycemic index glycemic control prebiotic

Kaynakça

  • Candal, C., & Erbas, M. (2019). The effects of different processes on enzyme resistant starch content and glycemic index value of wheat flour and using this flour in biscuit production. Journal of Food Science and Technology, 56(9), 4110–4120. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13197-019-03880-w.
  • Li, P. H., Wang, C. W., Lu, W. C., Chan, Y. J., & Wang, C. C. R. (2022). Effect of Resistant Starch Sources on the Physical Properties of Dough and on the Eating Quality and Glycemic Index of Salted Noodles. Foods, 11(6). https://doi.org/10.3390/foods11060814.
  • Roman, L., & Martinez, M. M. (2019). Structural Basis of Resistant Starch (RS) in Bread: Natural and Commercial Alternatives. Foods, 8(7). https://doi.org/10.3390/foods8070267.
  • Lejk, A., Myśliwiec, M., & Myśliwiec, A. (2019). Effect of eating resistant starch on the development of overweight, obesity, and disorders of carbohydrate metabolism in children. Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, 25(2), 81–84. https://doi.org/10.5114/pedm.2019.85818.
  • Parween, S., Anonuevo, J. J., Butardo, V. M., Misra, G., Anacleto, R., Llorente, C., Kosik O., Romero M.V., Bandonil, E.H., Mendioro, M.S., Lovegrove, A., Fernie, A.R., Brotman, Y., Sreenivasulu, N. (2020). Balancing the double-edged sword effect of increased resistant starch content and its impact on rice texture: its genetics and molecular physiological mechanisms. Plant Biotechnology Journal, 18(8), 1763–1777. https://doi.org/10.1111/pbi.13339. Garipoğlu, G. (2019). Enzime Dirençli Nişasta Kullanarak Fonksiyonel Galeta Geliştirilmesi. European Journal of Science and Technology, 375–380. https://doi.org/10.31590/ejosat.514165.
  • Xiong, K., Wang, J., Kang, T., Xu, F., & Ma, A. (2021, June 14). Effects of resistant starch on glycaemic control: A systematic review and meta-analysis. British Journal of Nutrition. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114520003700.
  • Hughes, R. L., Horn, W. H., Finnegan, P., Newman, J. W., Marco, M. L., Keim, N. L., & Kable, M. E. (2021). Resistant starch type 2 from wheat reduces postprandial glycemic response with concurrent alterations in gut microbiota composition. Nutrients, 13(2), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13020645.
  • Warman, D. J., Jia, H., & Kato, H. (2022). The Potential Roles of Probiotics, Resistant Starch, and Resistant Proteins in Ameliorating Inflammation during Aging (Inflammaging). Nutrients. MDPI. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14040747.
  • Chen, M. H., Bett-Garber, K., Lea, J., McClung, A., & Bergman, C. (2022). High Resistant Starch Rice: Variation in Starch Related SNPs, and Functional, and Sensory Properties. Foods, 11(1). https://doi.org/10.3390/foods11010094.
  • Shen, L., Li, J., & Li, Y. (2022). Resistant starch formation in rice: Genetic regulation and beyond. Plant Communications. Cell Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xplc.2022.100329.
  • Gropper, S. S., Smith, J. L., & Carr, T. P. (2020). Advanced Nutrition and Human Metabolism Eight Edition. Mikulíková, D., & Kraic, J. (2006). Natural sources of health-promoting starch. Journal of Food and Nutrition Research, 45(2), 69–76.
  • Gourineni, V., Stewart, M. L., Wilcox, M. L., & Maki, K. C. (2020). Nutritional Bar with Potato-Based Resistant Starch Attenuated Post-Prandial Glucose and Insulin Response in Healthy Adults. Foods, 9(11). https://doi.org/10.3390/foods9111679.
  • Arias-Córdova, Y., Ble-Castillo, J. L., García-Vázquez, C., Olvera-Hernández, V., Ramos-García, M., Navarrete-Cortes, A., Jiménez-Domínguez, G., Juárez-Rojop, I.E., Tovilla-Zarate, C.A, Martinez-Lopez, M.C., & Méndez, J. D. (2021). Resistant starch consumption effects on glycemic control and glycemic variability in patients with type 2 diabetes: A randomized crossover study. Nutrients, 13(11). https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13114052.
  • Stewart, M. L., Wilcox, M. L., Bell, M., Buggia, M. A., & Maki, K. C. (2018). Type-4 resistant starch in substitution for available carbohydrate reduces postprandial glycemic response and hunger in acute, randomized, double-blind, controlled study. Nutrients, 10(2). https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10020129.
  • Kumar, A., Sahoo, U., Baisakha, B., Okpani, O. A., Ngangkham, U., Parameswaran, C. Basak, N., Kumar, G., & Sharma, S. G. (2018). Resistant starch could be decisive in determining the glycemic index of rice cultivars. Journal of Cereal Science, 79, 348–353. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcs.2017.11.013.
  • Steele, T. J., Steele, C. C., Maningat, C. C., Seib, P. A., Haub, M. D., & Rosenkranz, S. K. (2022). Glycemic and Insulinemic Responses of Healthy Humans to a Nutrition Bar with or without Added Fibersym® RW, a Cross-Linked Phosphorylated RS4-Type Resistant Wheat Starch. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(21). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192113804.
  • Karabıyıklı, Ş., & Donat, İ. (2019). Prebiyotik Diyet Liflerinin Kolon Mikrobiyatası ve Sağlık Üzerine Etkileri. Journal of New Results in Engineering and Natural Sciences, (10), 1–15. Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/jrens/issue/51458/652490.
  • Weickert, M. O., & Pfeiffer, A. F. H. (2018). Impact of dietary fiber consumption on insulin resistance and the prevention of type 2 diabetes. Journal of Nutrition, 148(1), 7–12. https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/nxx008.
  • Merenkova, S. P., Zinina, O. V., Stuart, M., Okuskhanova, E. K., & Androsova, N. V. (2020). Effects of dietary fiber on human health: A review. Human Sport Medicine, 20(3), 106–113. https://doi.org/10.14529/HSM200113.
  • Makki, K., Deehan, E. C., Walter, J., & Bäckhed, F. (2018). The Impact of Dietary Fiber on Gut Microbiota in Host Health and Disease. Cell Host and Microbe. Cell Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chom.2018.05.012.
  • Alfa, M. J., Strang, D., Tappia, P. S., Olson, N., DeGagne, P., Bray, D., Murray B., & Hiebert, B. (2017). A randomized placebo controlled clinical trial to determine the impact of digestion resistant starch MSPrebiotic® on glucose, insulin, and insulin resistance in elderly and mid-age adults. Frontiers in Medicine, 4(JAN). https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2017.00260.
  • International Diabetes Federation. IDF Diabetes Atlas. Brussels: International Diabetes Federation. 2019. Avogaro, A., & Fadini, G. P. (2019, September 15). Microvascular complications in diabetes: A growing concern for cardiologists. International Journal of Cardiology. Elsevier Ireland Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcard.2019.02.030.
  • Peterson, C. M., Beyl, R. A., Marlatt, K. L., Martin, C. K., Aryana, K. J., Marco, M. L., Roy, M., Michael J, K., & Ravussin, E. (2018). Effect of 12 wk of resistant starch supplementation on cardiometabolic risk factors in adults with prediabetes: A randomized controlled trial. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 108(3), 492–501. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/nqy121.
  • Karabudak, E., & Demirel, M. D. (2019). Diyetin Mikrobiyotaya Etkisi ve Obeziteye Yansımaları. Acibadem Universitesi Saglik Bilimleri Dergisi, 10(1), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.31067/0.2019.101.
  • Tekin, T., & Fisunoğlu, M. (2020). Effect of Resistant Starch on Inflammatory Bowel Diseases and Microbiota. Journal of Traditional Medical Complementary Therapies, 3(1), 99–106. https://doi.org/10.5336/jtracom.2019-72218.
  • Tuaño, A. P. P., Barcellano, E. C. G., & Rodriguez, M. S. (2021). Resistant starch levels and in vitro starch digestibility of selected cooked Philippine brown and milled rices varying in apparent amylose content and glycemic index. Food Chemistry: Molecular Sciences, 2. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fochms.2021.100010.
  • Patterson, M. A., Maiya, M., & Stewart, M. L. (2020). Resistant Starch Content in Foods Commonly Consumed in the United States: A Narrative Review. Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, 120(2), 230–244. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jand.2019.10.019.
  • Zafar, T. A., Martin, B., & Weaver, C. M. (2010). Resistant Starches (RS2 and RS3) have Variable Effects on Bone Mineral Status in Rats. The Open Nutrition Journal, 3(1), 17–22. https://doi.org/10.2174/1874288200903010017.
  • Noor, N., Gani, A., Jhan, F., Jenno, J. L. H., & Arif Dar, M. (2021). Resistant starch type 2 from lotus stem: Ultrasonic effect on physical and nutraceutical properties. Ultrasonics Sonochemistry, 76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultsonch.2021.105655.
  • Wang, Y., Chen, J., Song, Y. H., Zhao, R., Xia, L., Chen, Y., Cui, Y., Rao, Z., Zhou, Y., Zhuang W., & Wu, X. T. (2019). Effects of the resistant starch on glucose, insulin, insulin resistance, and lipid parameters in overweight or obese adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutrition and Diabetes. Nature Publishing Group. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41387-019-0086-9.
  • Stewart, M. L., & Zimmer, J. P. (2018). Postprandial glucose and insulin response to a high-fiber muffin top containing resistant starch type 4 in healthy adults: a double-blind, randomized, controlled trial. Nutrition, 53, 59–63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nut.2018.01.002.
  • Mah, E., Garcia-Campayo, V., & Liska, D. A. (2018). Substitution of corn starch with resistant starch type 4 in a breakfast bar decreases postprandial glucose and insulin responses: A randomized, controlled, crossover study. Current Developments in Nutrition, 2(10), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzy066.
  • Steele, T. J., Maningat, C. C., Seib, P. A., Haub, M. D., & Rosenkranz, S. K. (2021). Metabolic Responses to Native Wheat Starch (MidsolTM50) versus Resistant Wheat Starch Type 4 (Fibersym®RW): Standard versus Marketplace Testing Protocols. Current Developments in Nutrition, 5(3). https://doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzab011.
  • García-Vázquez, C., Ble-Castillo, J. L., Arias-Córdova, Y., Ramos-García, M., Olvera-Hernández, V., Guzmán-Priego, C. G., Martínez-López, MC., Jiménez-Domínguez, G., & Hernández-Becerra, J. A. (2023). Effects of resistant starch on glycemic response, postprandial lipemia and appetite in subjects with type 2 diabetes. European Journal of Nutrition, 62(5), 2269–2278. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-023-03154-4.
  • Wolever, T. M. S., Maningat, C. C., Seib, P. A., Campbell, J. E., & Jenkins, A. L. (2023). Cross-linked phosphorylated RS4 wheat starch reduces glucose and insulin responses after 3 days of pre-feeding in healthy adults: an acute, double-blind, randomized controlled clinical trial. International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition, 74(5), 621–629. https://doi.org/10.1080/09637486.2023.2236809.
  • Tongyu, M., & Chong-Do, L. (2021). Effect of High Dose Resistant Starch on Human Glycemic Response. Journal of Nutritional Medicine and Diet Care, 7(1). https://doi.org/10.23937/2572-3278/1510048.
  • Arıbaş, Merve (2020). Tip 4 Enzime Dirençli Nişasta İlavesiyle Üretilen Ekmek ve Makarna Örneklerinde Tahmini Glisemik İndeks Değerlerinin ve Bazı Fonksiyonel Özelliklerinin İncelenmesi. (Tez No. 640147) [Doktora Tezi, Hacettepe Üniversitesi] YÖK Tez Merkezi.
  • Mohebbi, Z., Azizi-Lalabadi, M., Hosseini, S. J., Abdi Nowrouzani, S., Alizadeh, M., & Homayouni, A. (2019). The effects of prebiotic bread containing oat ß-glucan and resistant starch on the glycemic index and glycemic load in healthy individuals. Nutrition and Food Science, 49(6), 1029–1038. https://doi.org/10.1108/NFS-10-2018-0292.
  • Halajzadeh, J., Milajerdi, A., Reiner, Ž., Amirani, E., Kolahdooz, F., Barekat, M., Mirzaei, H., Mirhashemi S.M., & Asemi, Z. (2020). Effects of resistant starch on glycemic control, serum lipoproteins and systemic inflammation in patients with metabolic syndrome and related disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition. Bellwether Publishing, Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2019.1680950.
  • Pugh, J. E., Cai, M., Altieri, N., & Frost, G. (2023). A comparison of the effects of resistant starch types on glycemic response in individuals with type 2 diabetes or prediabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Frontiers in Nutrition. Frontiers Media S.A. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2023.1118229.
Toplam 40 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Beslenme Bilimi
Bölüm Derlemeler
Yazarlar

Esila Bayar 0009-0007-4487-0023

Suphiye Mine Yurttagül 0000-0001-5170-0523

Yayımlanma Tarihi 3 Ocak 2024
Gönderilme Tarihi 29 Ağustos 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Cilt: 2 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Bayar, E., & Yurttagül, S. M. (2024). Dirençli Nişastanın Glisemik İndeks ve Glisemik Kontrol Üzerindeki Etkisi. Toros University Journal of Food Nutrition and Gastronomy, 2(2), 211-223.
AMA Bayar E, Yurttagül SM. Dirençli Nişastanın Glisemik İndeks ve Glisemik Kontrol Üzerindeki Etkisi. JFNG. Ocak 2024;2(2):211-223.
Chicago Bayar, Esila, ve Suphiye Mine Yurttagül. “Dirençli Nişastanın Glisemik İndeks Ve Glisemik Kontrol Üzerindeki Etkisi”. Toros University Journal of Food Nutrition and Gastronomy 2, sy. 2 (Ocak 2024): 211-23.
EndNote Bayar E, Yurttagül SM (01 Ocak 2024) Dirençli Nişastanın Glisemik İndeks ve Glisemik Kontrol Üzerindeki Etkisi. Toros University Journal of Food Nutrition and Gastronomy 2 2 211–223.
IEEE E. Bayar ve S. M. Yurttagül, “Dirençli Nişastanın Glisemik İndeks ve Glisemik Kontrol Üzerindeki Etkisi”, JFNG, c. 2, sy. 2, ss. 211–223, 2024.
ISNAD Bayar, Esila - Yurttagül, Suphiye Mine. “Dirençli Nişastanın Glisemik İndeks Ve Glisemik Kontrol Üzerindeki Etkisi”. Toros University Journal of Food Nutrition and Gastronomy 2/2 (Ocak 2024), 211-223.
JAMA Bayar E, Yurttagül SM. Dirençli Nişastanın Glisemik İndeks ve Glisemik Kontrol Üzerindeki Etkisi. JFNG. 2024;2:211–223.
MLA Bayar, Esila ve Suphiye Mine Yurttagül. “Dirençli Nişastanın Glisemik İndeks Ve Glisemik Kontrol Üzerindeki Etkisi”. Toros University Journal of Food Nutrition and Gastronomy, c. 2, sy. 2, 2024, ss. 211-23.
Vancouver Bayar E, Yurttagül SM. Dirençli Nişastanın Glisemik İndeks ve Glisemik Kontrol Üzerindeki Etkisi. JFNG. 2024;2(2):211-23.
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