Araştırma Makalesi
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A Case Study on Workload and Time Pressure in Aircraft Maintenance

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 1, 45 - 60, 23.06.2019

Öz

The
aim of this study is to examine an aircraft incident that occurred due to the
workload and time pressure in the aircraft maintenance from the view of the
human factor. The case study method, one of the qualitative research designs,
was used in the study. It was seen that this aircraft incident occurred because
the maintenance technician didn’t install the right landing gear shimmy damper
line to the main hydraulic system during the replacement of the main landing
gear of the aircraft and the supervisor didn’t control this maintenance
operation. For this reason, after the first flight of the aircraft following
this maintenance, when the aircraft put a wheel on the runway, a hard vibration
was felt on the right landing gear, the aircraft deviated to the right and
serious damage occurred in the right main landing gear. When the main root
causes of the event are examined, it is seen that over workload and time
pressure affect maintenance technician and supervisor performance and cause
human factor errors. It can be said that the study is important because of the
fact that it deals with a real aircraft incident, shows how the human factor
errors in this event puts flight safety at risk and contributes to the literature
related to the aircraft maintenance.

Kaynakça

  • [1] H. Koornneef, W.J.C. Verhagen and R. Curran, “Automating contextualized maintenance documentation,’’ 23rd ISPE Inc. International Conference on Transdisciplinary Engineering, 4, 861-870, 2016.
  • [2] R. Çoban, “Bakım kaynak yönetimi: uçak bakımda insan faktörü üzerine bir araştırma,’’ Havacılık Emniyeti Yönetim Sistemi Sempozyumu, Ankara, 88-113, 2017.
  • [3] W. Zaharevitz, Aviation Maintenance (Aircraft Mechanics & Aircraft & Instrument Repair Personnel), Federal Aviation Administration (DOT). Washington, DC. Office of Aviation Policy, Report No:GA.-300-123, 1980.
  • [4] H. Padil, M.N. Said and A. Azizan, “The contributions of human factors on human error in malaysia aviation maintenance industries,’’ International Conference on Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering (AeroMech17), 370, 1-6, 2018.
  • [5] E. Yazgan and M.Ş. Kavsaoğlu, “Evaluation of stress affecting aircraft maintenance technician’s performance,’’ Int'l Journal of Computing, Communications & Instrumentation Engg. (IJCCIE),4(1), 96-101, 2017.
  • [6] A. Hobbs, An Overview of Human Factors in Aviation Maintenance, ATSB Transport Safety Report, Aviation Research and Analysis AR-2008-055, 2008.
  • [7] K.A. Latorella and P.V. Prabhu, “A review of human error in aviation maintenance and inspection,’’ International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 26, 133-161, 2000.
  • [8] D. Virovac, A. Domitrović and E. Bazijanac, “The influence of human factor in aircraft maintenance,’’ Promet-Traffic&Transportation, 29(3), 257-266, 2017.
  • [9] G. Dupont, “The dirty dozen errors in maintenance,’’ In:Proceedings of the 11th Symposium on Human Factors in Aviation Maintenance, Washington (USA), 49-52, 1997.
  • [10] Boeing Commercial Airplanes Flight Interruption Cost Estimates, Boeing Minute, 17 November 2008.
  • [11] https://www.skybrary.aero/index.php/Mainte, [Erişim Tarihi: 12-Mayıs-2019].
  • [12] http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition, [Erişim Tarihi: 12-Mayıs-2019].
  • [13] P.N. Nwinyokpugi, “Workload management strategies and employees efficiency in the nigeria banking sector,’’ International Journal Of Innovatıve Research & Development, 7(1), 286-293, 2018.
  • [14] S.G. Hart and L. E. Staveland, “Development of nasa-tlx (task load index): results of empirical and theoretical research,’’ Human Mental Workload, 139-183, 1988.
  • [15] H.K. Alfares, “Aircraft maintenance workforce scheduling a case study,’’ Journal of Quality in Maintenance Engineering, 5(2), 78-88, 1999.
  • [16] N. Moray, “Subjective measurement of mental workload’’ Arlington, Virginia: Office of Naval Research, Contract N00014-77-C-0256, 1980.
  • [17] T. Wynn and J. Richardson, “Comparison of subjective workload ratings and performance measures of a reference IVIS task,’’ In: Proceedings of the European Conference on Human Centred Design for Intelligent Transport Systems, 3-4th April, Lyon, France, 2008.
  • [18] J.R. Shumate, “Subjective workload comparison between individuals and two person crews,’’ Master Thesis, California State University, 1989.
  • [19] M.V.G. Ayala, “Identification of psychosocial factors effecting naval aviation maintenance technicians’ performance and health,’’ Master Thesis, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University Daytona Beach, Florida, 2012.
  • [20] https://www.nigms.nih.gov/Education/Pages, [Erişim Tarihi: 12-Mayıs-2019].
  • [21] Chapter 14, Human Factors, https://www.faasafety.gov/files/gslac/courses/content/258/1097/AMT_Handbook_Addendum_Human_Factors.pdf, [Erişim Tarihi: 13-Mayıs-2019].
  • [22] K.H.E. Kroemer, H.B. Kroemer and K.E. Kroemer-Elbert, Ergonomics: How to Design for Ease and Efficiency, 1st ed. Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1994.
  • [23] N.Y. Lin, “Occupational stress, personality and coping strategies among aircraft maintenance personnel in hong kong,’’ In Fulfillment of The Requirements for SS4708, City Universty of Hong Kong, 2007.
  • [24] CAP 715, An Introduction to Aircraft Maintenance Engineering Human Factors for JAR 66, 2002, https://publicapps.caa.co.uk/docs/3F, [Erişim Tarihi: 13-Mayıs-2019].
  • [25] https://www.towerdata.com/blog/what-is, [Erişim Tarihi: 14-Mayıs-2019].
  • [26] E.J.A. Schreuder and T. Mioch, “The effect of time pressure and task completion on the occurrence of cognitive lockup,’’ CEUR Proceedings 4th Workshop HCP Human Centered Processes, February 10-11, 2011.
  • [27] T. Suzuki, T.L. Von Thaden and W.D. Geibel, “Influence of time pressure on aircraft maintenance errors,’’ University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, 2008, https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/d67f/1d, [Erişim Tarihi: 16-Mayıs-2019].
  • [28] R.J. Kelly and T.J. Loving “Time pressure and group performance: Exploring underlying processes in the Attentional Focus Model,’’ Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 40, 185-198, 2004.
  • [29] J. McElhatton and C. Drev, “Hurry-up’ syndrome identified as a casual factor in aviation safety incidents,’’ Human Factors & Aviation Medicine, 40(5), 1-6, 1993.
  • [30] W.R. Warren, “The effect of shift turnover strategy and time pressure on aviation maintenance technician performance,’’ Master Thesis of Science in Human Factors and Systems, B.S., Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, 2011.
  • [31] D.Y.M. Lin and Y.L. Su, “The effect of time pressure on expert system based training for emergency managment,’’ Behaviour & Information Technology, 17(4), 195-202, 1998.
  • [32] P.C. Chu and E.E. Spires, “Does time constraint on users negate the efficacy of decision support systems?,’’ Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 85 (2), 226-249, 2001.
  • [33] S. Dornic and L.A. Stone, Performance And Perceived Difficulty In Paced And Self-Paced Tasks, Report Form the Institute Of Applied Psychology, the University of Stockholm, No. 46, 1974.
  • [34] D.A. Moore and E.R. Tenney, “Time pressure, performance, and productivity,’’ Research on Managing Groups and Teams, 15, 305-326, 2012.
  • [35] A. Crescenzi, R. Capra and J. Arguello, “Time pressure, user satisfaction and task difficulty,’’ ASIST 2013, November 1-6, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, 2013.
  • [36] M.A. Staal, Stress, Cognition, and Human Performance: A Literature Review and Conceptual Framework, Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California: NASA Technical Report NASA/TM-2004–212824, 2004.
  • [37] K.C. Hendy, P.S.E. Farrell and K.P.East, An Information-Processing Model Of Operator Stress And Performance, In P.A. Hancock, & P.A. Desmond (Eds.), Stress, Workload and Fatigue. Mahwah, NJ: L. Erlbaum, 2001.
  • [38] E.E. Entin and D. Serfaty, Information Gathering And Decision Making Under Stres,. NTIS HC A05/MF A01. Technical Report Number ADA218233; AD-E501 191; TR-454, 1990.
  • [39] G.P. Van Galen and M. Van Huygevoort, “Error, stress and the role of neuromotor noise in space oriented behaviour,’’ Biological Psychology, 51, 151-171, 2000.
  • [40] S. Gürbüz ve F. Şahin, Sosyal Bilimlerde Araştırma Yöntemleri, Felsefe-Yöntem -Analiz, 4. Baskı, Seçkin Yayıncılık, Ankara, 2017.
  • [41] Bureau d'Enquêtes et d'Analyses, Report Accident, March 2012, https://www.bea.aero, [Erişim Tarihi: 19-Mayıs-2019].
  • [42] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leeds_Bradfo, [Erişim Tarihi: 19-Mayıs-2019].

Uçak Bakım Sektöründe İş Yükü ve Zaman Baskısı Üzerine Bir Örnek Olay Araştırması

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 1, 45 - 60, 23.06.2019

Öz

Bu araştırmanın amacı, uçak bakım
sektöründe iş yükü ve zaman baskısı nedeniyle meydana gelmiş bir uçak olayını
insan faktörü açısından incelemektir. Araştırmada nitel araştırma desenlerinden
örnek olay yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Bu uçak olayının uçağın ana iniş
takımlarının değişimi sırasında bakım teknisyeninin sağ iniş takımı titreşim
damperi borusunu ana hidrolik sistemine takmaması ve süpervizörün bu bakım
işlemini kontrol etmemesi nedeniyle meydana geldiği görülmüştür. Bu nedenle,
uçağın bu bakımı takiben yaptığı ilk uçuşundan sonra piste teker koyduğu sırada
sağ iniş takımında sert bir sarsıntı hissedilmiş, uçak sağa doğru sapmış ve
sonrasında sağ ana iniş takımında ciddi hasar meydana gelmiştir. Olaya neden
olan asıl kök sebeplere bakıldığında, aşırı iş yükü ve zaman baskısının bakım teknisyeni
ve süpervizörün performansını etkilediği ve insan faktörü kaynaklı hata
yapmalarına yol açtığı görülmüştür. Araştırmanın gerçek bir olayı ele alması,
bu olaydaki insan faktöründen kaynaklı hataların uçuş emniyetini nasıl riske ettiğini
ortaya koyması ve uçak bakım sektörü ile ilgili literatüre yapacağı katkıdan
dolayı önem arzettiği söylenebilir.

Kaynakça

  • [1] H. Koornneef, W.J.C. Verhagen and R. Curran, “Automating contextualized maintenance documentation,’’ 23rd ISPE Inc. International Conference on Transdisciplinary Engineering, 4, 861-870, 2016.
  • [2] R. Çoban, “Bakım kaynak yönetimi: uçak bakımda insan faktörü üzerine bir araştırma,’’ Havacılık Emniyeti Yönetim Sistemi Sempozyumu, Ankara, 88-113, 2017.
  • [3] W. Zaharevitz, Aviation Maintenance (Aircraft Mechanics & Aircraft & Instrument Repair Personnel), Federal Aviation Administration (DOT). Washington, DC. Office of Aviation Policy, Report No:GA.-300-123, 1980.
  • [4] H. Padil, M.N. Said and A. Azizan, “The contributions of human factors on human error in malaysia aviation maintenance industries,’’ International Conference on Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering (AeroMech17), 370, 1-6, 2018.
  • [5] E. Yazgan and M.Ş. Kavsaoğlu, “Evaluation of stress affecting aircraft maintenance technician’s performance,’’ Int'l Journal of Computing, Communications & Instrumentation Engg. (IJCCIE),4(1), 96-101, 2017.
  • [6] A. Hobbs, An Overview of Human Factors in Aviation Maintenance, ATSB Transport Safety Report, Aviation Research and Analysis AR-2008-055, 2008.
  • [7] K.A. Latorella and P.V. Prabhu, “A review of human error in aviation maintenance and inspection,’’ International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 26, 133-161, 2000.
  • [8] D. Virovac, A. Domitrović and E. Bazijanac, “The influence of human factor in aircraft maintenance,’’ Promet-Traffic&Transportation, 29(3), 257-266, 2017.
  • [9] G. Dupont, “The dirty dozen errors in maintenance,’’ In:Proceedings of the 11th Symposium on Human Factors in Aviation Maintenance, Washington (USA), 49-52, 1997.
  • [10] Boeing Commercial Airplanes Flight Interruption Cost Estimates, Boeing Minute, 17 November 2008.
  • [11] https://www.skybrary.aero/index.php/Mainte, [Erişim Tarihi: 12-Mayıs-2019].
  • [12] http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition, [Erişim Tarihi: 12-Mayıs-2019].
  • [13] P.N. Nwinyokpugi, “Workload management strategies and employees efficiency in the nigeria banking sector,’’ International Journal Of Innovatıve Research & Development, 7(1), 286-293, 2018.
  • [14] S.G. Hart and L. E. Staveland, “Development of nasa-tlx (task load index): results of empirical and theoretical research,’’ Human Mental Workload, 139-183, 1988.
  • [15] H.K. Alfares, “Aircraft maintenance workforce scheduling a case study,’’ Journal of Quality in Maintenance Engineering, 5(2), 78-88, 1999.
  • [16] N. Moray, “Subjective measurement of mental workload’’ Arlington, Virginia: Office of Naval Research, Contract N00014-77-C-0256, 1980.
  • [17] T. Wynn and J. Richardson, “Comparison of subjective workload ratings and performance measures of a reference IVIS task,’’ In: Proceedings of the European Conference on Human Centred Design for Intelligent Transport Systems, 3-4th April, Lyon, France, 2008.
  • [18] J.R. Shumate, “Subjective workload comparison between individuals and two person crews,’’ Master Thesis, California State University, 1989.
  • [19] M.V.G. Ayala, “Identification of psychosocial factors effecting naval aviation maintenance technicians’ performance and health,’’ Master Thesis, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University Daytona Beach, Florida, 2012.
  • [20] https://www.nigms.nih.gov/Education/Pages, [Erişim Tarihi: 12-Mayıs-2019].
  • [21] Chapter 14, Human Factors, https://www.faasafety.gov/files/gslac/courses/content/258/1097/AMT_Handbook_Addendum_Human_Factors.pdf, [Erişim Tarihi: 13-Mayıs-2019].
  • [22] K.H.E. Kroemer, H.B. Kroemer and K.E. Kroemer-Elbert, Ergonomics: How to Design for Ease and Efficiency, 1st ed. Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1994.
  • [23] N.Y. Lin, “Occupational stress, personality and coping strategies among aircraft maintenance personnel in hong kong,’’ In Fulfillment of The Requirements for SS4708, City Universty of Hong Kong, 2007.
  • [24] CAP 715, An Introduction to Aircraft Maintenance Engineering Human Factors for JAR 66, 2002, https://publicapps.caa.co.uk/docs/3F, [Erişim Tarihi: 13-Mayıs-2019].
  • [25] https://www.towerdata.com/blog/what-is, [Erişim Tarihi: 14-Mayıs-2019].
  • [26] E.J.A. Schreuder and T. Mioch, “The effect of time pressure and task completion on the occurrence of cognitive lockup,’’ CEUR Proceedings 4th Workshop HCP Human Centered Processes, February 10-11, 2011.
  • [27] T. Suzuki, T.L. Von Thaden and W.D. Geibel, “Influence of time pressure on aircraft maintenance errors,’’ University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, 2008, https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/d67f/1d, [Erişim Tarihi: 16-Mayıs-2019].
  • [28] R.J. Kelly and T.J. Loving “Time pressure and group performance: Exploring underlying processes in the Attentional Focus Model,’’ Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 40, 185-198, 2004.
  • [29] J. McElhatton and C. Drev, “Hurry-up’ syndrome identified as a casual factor in aviation safety incidents,’’ Human Factors & Aviation Medicine, 40(5), 1-6, 1993.
  • [30] W.R. Warren, “The effect of shift turnover strategy and time pressure on aviation maintenance technician performance,’’ Master Thesis of Science in Human Factors and Systems, B.S., Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, 2011.
  • [31] D.Y.M. Lin and Y.L. Su, “The effect of time pressure on expert system based training for emergency managment,’’ Behaviour & Information Technology, 17(4), 195-202, 1998.
  • [32] P.C. Chu and E.E. Spires, “Does time constraint on users negate the efficacy of decision support systems?,’’ Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 85 (2), 226-249, 2001.
  • [33] S. Dornic and L.A. Stone, Performance And Perceived Difficulty In Paced And Self-Paced Tasks, Report Form the Institute Of Applied Psychology, the University of Stockholm, No. 46, 1974.
  • [34] D.A. Moore and E.R. Tenney, “Time pressure, performance, and productivity,’’ Research on Managing Groups and Teams, 15, 305-326, 2012.
  • [35] A. Crescenzi, R. Capra and J. Arguello, “Time pressure, user satisfaction and task difficulty,’’ ASIST 2013, November 1-6, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, 2013.
  • [36] M.A. Staal, Stress, Cognition, and Human Performance: A Literature Review and Conceptual Framework, Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California: NASA Technical Report NASA/TM-2004–212824, 2004.
  • [37] K.C. Hendy, P.S.E. Farrell and K.P.East, An Information-Processing Model Of Operator Stress And Performance, In P.A. Hancock, & P.A. Desmond (Eds.), Stress, Workload and Fatigue. Mahwah, NJ: L. Erlbaum, 2001.
  • [38] E.E. Entin and D. Serfaty, Information Gathering And Decision Making Under Stres,. NTIS HC A05/MF A01. Technical Report Number ADA218233; AD-E501 191; TR-454, 1990.
  • [39] G.P. Van Galen and M. Van Huygevoort, “Error, stress and the role of neuromotor noise in space oriented behaviour,’’ Biological Psychology, 51, 151-171, 2000.
  • [40] S. Gürbüz ve F. Şahin, Sosyal Bilimlerde Araştırma Yöntemleri, Felsefe-Yöntem -Analiz, 4. Baskı, Seçkin Yayıncılık, Ankara, 2017.
  • [41] Bureau d'Enquêtes et d'Analyses, Report Accident, March 2012, https://www.bea.aero, [Erişim Tarihi: 19-Mayıs-2019].
  • [42] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leeds_Bradfo, [Erişim Tarihi: 19-Mayıs-2019].
Toplam 42 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Ramazan Çoban 0000-0002-4505-0437

Yayımlanma Tarihi 23 Haziran 2019
Gönderilme Tarihi 22 Mayıs 2019
Kabul Tarihi 14 Haziran 2019
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2019 Cilt: 3 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Çoban, R. (2019). Uçak Bakım Sektöründe İş Yükü ve Zaman Baskısı Üzerine Bir Örnek Olay Araştırması. Journal of Aviation, 3(1), 45-60.

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