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Lymphedema and Air Travel After Breast Cancer Surgery

Yıl 2021, Sayı: 15, 669 - 680, 31.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.38079/igusabder.987931

Öz

Breast cancer is one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality globally, and its incidence is increasing day by day. Many personalized local/systemic applications are used for breast cancer treatment. Lymphedema is the most frequently seen chronic complication of breast cancer treatment. It causes certain functional and/or psychological problems by affecting the life quality of individuals in a negative manner. Consequently, breast cancer treatment causes lifestyle changes in individuals, and it leads to several preventive measures and practices. One of the issues of concern at this point is to know the negative effects of air travel on lymphedema development after breast cancer surgery. In particular, it is widely believed that air travel after breast cancer and its treatment exacerbates lymphedema. It is clear that the development of lymphedema due to breast cancer and its treatment affects the daily and social lives of individuals today when air transportation has become popular. The risk of developing lymphedema after air travel has pushed patients to use some behavioral methods. Some of these behavioral measures were the use of recommended compression devices, delay of travel and changes in travel time or methods. However, there are conflicting results in the limited number of studies conducted on the subject in the literature, and the information needs of both clinicians and patients should be met. This review was written to examine the literature on the effect of air travel on the development of breast cancer and post-surgical lymphedema, and to evaluate its results.

Kaynakça

  • Thorat MA, Balasubramanian R. Breast cancer prevention in high-risk women. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol. 2020;65:18-31.
  • Joshi D. Breast cancer treatment: survival facts and associated side effects. International Journal of Innovative Science and Technology. 2019;4(1):33-39.
  • World Health Organization. Cancer. WHO. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/cancer. Erişim tarihi 3 Nisan 2020.
  • American Cancer Society. How common is breast cancer. American Cancer Society. https://www.cancer.org/cancer/breast-cancer/about/how-common-is-breast-cancer.ht%20ml. Erişim tarihi 4 Nisan 2020.
  • World Health Organization International Agency for Research on Cancer. Turkey source: globocan 2020. International Agency for Research on Cancer. https://gco.iarc.fr/today/data/factsheets/populations/792-turkey-fact-sheets.pdf. Erişim tarihi 4 Nisan 2020.
  • National Cancer Institute. Cancer stat facts: female breast cancer. National Cancer Institute. https://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/breast.html. Erişim tarihi 3 Nisan 2020.
  • Gómez-Raposo C, Zambrana Tévar F, Sereno Moyano M, López Gómez M, Casado E. Male breast cancer. Cancer Treat Rev. 2010;36(6):451-7.
  • Siegel RL, Miller KD, Jemal A. Cancer statistics. CA Cancer J Clin. 2020;70(1):7-30.
  • Kim SY, Han BK, Kim EK, Choi WJ, Choi Y, Kim HH, et al. Breast cancer detected at screening US: Survival rates and clinical-pathologic and imaging factors associated with recurrence. Radiology. 2017;284(2):354-364.
  • Hong JH, Ha KS, Jung JH, et al. Clinical features of male breast cancer: experiences from seven institutions over 20 years. Cancer Res Treat. 2016;48(4):1389-1398.
  • Fontes KP, Veiga DF, Naldoni AC, Sabino-Neto M, Ferreira LM. Physical activity, functional ability, and quality of life after breast cancer surgery. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg. 2019;72(3):394-400.
  • Palesh O, Scheiber C, Kesler S, Mustian K, Koopman C, Schapira L. Management of side effects during and post‐treatment in breast cancer survivors. Breast J. 2018;24(2):167-175.
  • Río González Á, Molina-Rueda F, Palacios-Ceña D, Alguacil-Diego IM. Living with lymphoedema-the perspective of cancer patients: A qualitative study. Support Care Cancer. 2018;26(6):2005-2013.
  • İzci F, İlgün AS, Fındıklı E, Özmen V. Psychiatric symptoms and psychosocial problems in patients with breast cancer. J Breast Health. 2016;12(3):94-101.
  • Toyserkani NM, Jørgensen MG, Haugaard K, Sørensen JA. Seroma indicates increased risk of lymphedema following breast cancer treatment: A retrospective cohort study. Breast. 2017;32:102-104.
  • Lee JS, Jeon HJ, Lee J, Park HY, Yang JD. Treatment of late solidified hematoma in back donor site after breast reconstruction with latissimus dorsi flap: Report of three cases. BMC Surg. 2019;19(1):51.
  • Koehler LA, Haddad TC, Hunter DW, Tuttle TM. Axillary web syndrome following breast cancer surgery: Symptoms, complications, and management strategies. Breast Cancer . 2018;11:13-19.
  • Fakhari S, Atashkhoei S, Pourfathi H, Farzin H, Bilehjani E. Postmastectomy pain syndrome. International Journal of Women’s Health and Reproduction Sciences. 2017;5(1):18-23.
  • Fakhari S, Pourfathi H, Farzin H, Bilehjani E. Post-mastectomy phantom breast syndrome. Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Cancer Research. 2017;3(4):137-142.
  • Lovelace DL, McDaniel LR, Golden D. Long-term effects of breast cancer surgery, treatment, and survivor care. J Midwifery Womens Health. 2019;64(6):713-724.
  • Macedo FO, Bergmann A, Koifman RJ, Torres DM, Costa RM, da Silva IF. Axillary surgery in breast cancer: acute postoperative complications in a hospıtal cohort of women of Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Mastology. 2018;28(2):80-6.
  • Rząca MS, Łukasiewicz S, Sołowiej K, Stanisławek A, Domżał Drzewicka R. Limitations of functioning in everyday life in women surgically treated for breast cancer. Journal of Education Health and Sport. 2019;9(2):354-361.
  • Schreier AM, Johnson LA, Vohra NA, Muzaffar M, Kyle B. Post-treatment symptoms of pain, anxiety, sleep disturbance, and fatigue in breast cancer survivors. Pain Manag Nurs. 2019;20(2):146-151.
  • Casley Smith JR. Lymphedema initiated by aircraft flights. Aviat Space Environ Med. 1996;67(1):52-6.
  • Graham PH. Compression prophylaxis may increase the potential for flight associated lymphoedema after breast cancer treatment. Breast. 2002;11(1):66-71.
  • Hayes S, Cornish B, Newman B. Comparison of methods to diagnose lymphoedema among breast cancer survivors: 6-month follow-up. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2005;89(3):221-6.
  • McLaughlin SA, Wright MJ, Morris KT, Giron GL, Sampson MR, Brockway JP, et al. Prevalence of lymphedema in women with breast cancer 5 years after sentinel lymph node biopsy or axillary dissection: Patient perceptions and precautionary behaviors. J Clin Oncol. 2008;26(32):5213-9.
  • Mak SS, Yeo W, Lee YM, et al. Risk factors for the initiation and aggravation of lymphoedema after axillary lymph node dissection for breast cancer. Hong Kong Med J. 2009;15(3 Suppl 4):8-12.
  • Swenson KK, Nissen MJ, Leach JW, Post-White J. Case-control study to evaluate predictors of lymphedema after breast cancer surgery. Oncol Nurs Forum. 2009;36(2):185-93.
  • Showalter SL, Brown JC, Cheville AL, Fisher CS, Sataloff D, Schmitz KH. Lifestyle risk factors associated with arm swelling among women with breast cancer. Ann Surg Oncol. 2013;20(3):842–849.
  • Kilbreath SL, Refshauge KM, Beith JM, et al. Risk factors for lymphoedema in women with breast cancer: a large prospective cohort. Breast. 2016;28:29-36.
  • Ferguson CM, Swaroop MN, Horick N, et al. Impact of ipsilateral blood draws, injections, blood pressure measurements, and air travel on the risk of lymphedema for patients treated for breast cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2016;34(7):691-8.
  • Co M, Ng J, Kwong A. Air travel safety in postoperative breast cancer patients: A systematic review. Clin Breast Cancer. 2018;18(1):e151-e155.
  • Disipio T, Rye S, Newman B, Hayes S. Incidence of unilateral arm lymphoedema after breast cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Oncol. 2013;14(6):500-15.
  • Bevilacqua JL, Kattan MW, Changhong Y, et al. Nomograms for predicting the risk of arm lymphedema after axillary dissection in breast cancer. Ann Surg Oncol. 2012;19(8):2580-9.
  • Penn IW, Chang YC, Chuang E, et al. Risk factors and prediction model for persistent breast-cancer-related lymphedema: A 5-year cohort study. Support Care Cancer. 2019;27(3):991-1000.
  • Ribeiro Pereira ACP, Koifman RJ, Bergmann A. Incidence and risk factors of lymphedema after breast cancer treatment: 10 years of follow-up. Breast. 2017;36:67-73.
  • Hall JE. Vücut sıvı bölmeleri: hücre dışı ve hücre içi sıvılar; ödem. In: Çağlayan Yeğen B, ed. Guyton ve Hall Tıbbi Fizyoloji. 12. baskı. İstanbul: Nobel Tıp Kitabevleri; 2013:285-301.
  • Suami H. Anatomical theories of the pathophysiology of cancer-related lymphoedema. Cancers. 2020;12(5):1338.
  • Akezaki Y, Tominaga R, Kikuuchi M, et al. Risk factors for lymphedema in breast cancer survivors following axillary lymph node dissection. Prog Rehabil Med. 2019;4:20190021.
  • Fu MR. Breast cancer-related lymphedema: Symptoms, diagnosis, risk reduction, and management. World J Clin Oncol. 2014;5(3):241–247.
  • Heinze SB, Williams PD. Symptom alleviation and self-care among breast cancer survivors after treatment completion. Clin J Oncol Nurs. 2015;19(3):343-9.
  • Ward LC, Battersby KJ, Kilbreath SL. Airplane travel and lymphedema: A case study. Lymphology. 2009;42(3):139-45.
  • Ochalek K, Gradalski T, Partsch H. Preventing early postoperative arm swelling and lymphedema manifestation by compression sleeves after axillary lymph node interventions in breast cancer patients: A randomized controlled trial. J Pain Symptom Manage. 2017;54(3):346-354.
  • Ugur S, Arıcı C, Yaprak M, et al. Risk factors of breast cancer related lymphedema. Lymphat Res Biol. 2013;11(2):72-5.
  • Co M, Ng J, Kwong A. Air travel and postoperative lymphedema a systematic review. Clin Breast Cancer. 2018;18(1):e151-e155.
  • The International Air Transport Association. Forecasts passenger demand to double over 20 years. https://www.iata.org/en/pressroom/pr/2016-10-18-02/. Erişim tarihi 7 Nisan 2020.
  • Air Transport Action Grup. The economic & social benefits of air transport. Air Transport Action Grup. https://www.icao.int/meetings/wrdss2011/documents/jointworkshop2005/atag_socialbenefitsairtransport.pdf. Erişim tarihi 8 Nisan 2020.
  • Asdourian MS, Skolny MN, Brunelle C, Seward CE, Salama L, Taghian AG. Precautions for breast cancer-related lymphoedema: Risk from air travel, ipsilateral arm blood pressure measurements, skin puncture, extreme temperatures, and cellulitis. Lancet Oncol. 2016;17(9):e392-405.
  • Stuiver MM, ten Tusscher MR, Agasi-Idenburg CS, Lucas C, Aaronson NK, Bossuyt PMM. Conservative interventions for preventing clinically detectable upper-limb lymphoedema in patients who are at risk of developing lymphoedema after breast cancer therapy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015;(2):CD009765.
  • National Lymphedema Network. Position statement of the national lymphedema network. National Lymphedema Network. https://lymphnet.org/position-papers. Erişim tarihi 9 Nisan 2020.
  • Kilbreath SL, Ward LC, Lane K, et al. Effect of air travel on lymphedema risk in women with history of breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2010;120(3):649-54.
  • Hansdorfer-Korzon R, Teodorczyk J, Gruszecka A, Lass P. Are compression corsets beneficial for the treatment of breast cancer-related lymphedema? New opportunities in physiotherapy treatment a preliminary report. Onco Targets Ther. 2016;9:2089-98.
  • Ochałek K, Partsch H, Szygula Z. Prophylactic compression after breast cancer surgery. Veins and Lymphatics. 2018;7(7993):144.
  • American Cancer Society. What the patient can do. American Cancer Society. https://www.cancer.org/treatment/treatments-and-side-effects/physical-side-effects/lymphedema/for-people-with-lymphedema.html.Erişim tarihi 7 Nisan 2020.
  • National Lymphedema Network. Topic: Lymphedema risk reduction practices. https://klosetraining.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/NLNpractices.pdf. Erişim tarihi 7 Nisan 2020.
  • Cemal Y, Pusic A, Mehrara BJ. Preventative measures for lymphedema: Separating fact from fiction. J Am Coll Surg. 2011;213(4):543-51.
  • Gillespie TC, Sayegh HE, Brunelle CL, Daniell KM, Taghian AG. Breast cancer-related lymphedema: Risk factors, precautionary measures, and treatments. Gland Surg. 2018;7(4):379-403.

Meme Kanseri Cerrahisi Sonrası Lenfödem ve Uçak Seyahati

Yıl 2021, Sayı: 15, 669 - 680, 31.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.38079/igusabder.987931

Öz

Meme kanseri, küresel düzeyde önemli morbidite ve mortalite nedenlerinden biridir ve her geçen gün insidansı giderek artmaktadır. Meme kanseri tedavisine yönelik kişiye özgü, lokal/sistemik birçok uygulama kullanılmaktadır. Lenfödem, meme kanseri tedavisinin en yaygın görülen kronik komplikasyonudur. Bireylerin yaşam kalitesini olumsuz yönde etkileyerek fiziksel ve/ veya psikolojik birtakım sorunlara yol açmaktadır. Dolayısıyla meme kanseri tedavisi bireylerde yaşam tarzı değişikliklerine neden olmakta, birtakım önleyici tedbir ve uygulamaları da beraberinde getirmektedir. Bu noktada endişe duyulan konulardan biri, uçakla seyahatin meme kanseri cerrahisi sonrası lenfödem gelişimi üzerindeki negatif etkilerinin bilinmesidir. Özellikle meme kanseri ve tedavisi sonrası uçak seyahatinin lenfödem tablosunu şiddetlendirdiği görüşü yaygındır. Hava yolu ulaşımının popüler hale geldiği günümüzde, meme kanseri ve tedavisi nedenli lenfödem gelişiminin, bireylerin günlük ve sosyal yaşamlarını etkilediği açıktır. Hava yolu seyahati sonrası lenfödem gelişme riski, hastaları birtakım davranışsal yöntemleri kullanmaya itmiştir. Bu davranışsal önlemlerin bir kısmı, önerilen kompresyon cihazların kullanımı, seyahatlerin ertelenmesi ve seyahat süre ya da yöntemlerinde değişiklikler yapılması şeklinde olmuştur. Ancak literatürde konuya ilişkin yapılan sınırlı sayıdaki çalışmada çelişkili sonuçlar yer almaktadır ve bu konuda hem klinisyenlerin hem de hastaların bilgi gereksinimlerinin giderilmesi gerekmektedir. Bu derleme, uçak seyahatinin, meme kanseri ve cerrahisi sonrası lenfödem gelişimi üzerindeki etkisine ilişkin literatürün incelenmesi ve sonuçlarının değerlendirilmesi amacıyla yazılmıştır. 

Kaynakça

  • Thorat MA, Balasubramanian R. Breast cancer prevention in high-risk women. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol. 2020;65:18-31.
  • Joshi D. Breast cancer treatment: survival facts and associated side effects. International Journal of Innovative Science and Technology. 2019;4(1):33-39.
  • World Health Organization. Cancer. WHO. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/cancer. Erişim tarihi 3 Nisan 2020.
  • American Cancer Society. How common is breast cancer. American Cancer Society. https://www.cancer.org/cancer/breast-cancer/about/how-common-is-breast-cancer.ht%20ml. Erişim tarihi 4 Nisan 2020.
  • World Health Organization International Agency for Research on Cancer. Turkey source: globocan 2020. International Agency for Research on Cancer. https://gco.iarc.fr/today/data/factsheets/populations/792-turkey-fact-sheets.pdf. Erişim tarihi 4 Nisan 2020.
  • National Cancer Institute. Cancer stat facts: female breast cancer. National Cancer Institute. https://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/breast.html. Erişim tarihi 3 Nisan 2020.
  • Gómez-Raposo C, Zambrana Tévar F, Sereno Moyano M, López Gómez M, Casado E. Male breast cancer. Cancer Treat Rev. 2010;36(6):451-7.
  • Siegel RL, Miller KD, Jemal A. Cancer statistics. CA Cancer J Clin. 2020;70(1):7-30.
  • Kim SY, Han BK, Kim EK, Choi WJ, Choi Y, Kim HH, et al. Breast cancer detected at screening US: Survival rates and clinical-pathologic and imaging factors associated with recurrence. Radiology. 2017;284(2):354-364.
  • Hong JH, Ha KS, Jung JH, et al. Clinical features of male breast cancer: experiences from seven institutions over 20 years. Cancer Res Treat. 2016;48(4):1389-1398.
  • Fontes KP, Veiga DF, Naldoni AC, Sabino-Neto M, Ferreira LM. Physical activity, functional ability, and quality of life after breast cancer surgery. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg. 2019;72(3):394-400.
  • Palesh O, Scheiber C, Kesler S, Mustian K, Koopman C, Schapira L. Management of side effects during and post‐treatment in breast cancer survivors. Breast J. 2018;24(2):167-175.
  • Río González Á, Molina-Rueda F, Palacios-Ceña D, Alguacil-Diego IM. Living with lymphoedema-the perspective of cancer patients: A qualitative study. Support Care Cancer. 2018;26(6):2005-2013.
  • İzci F, İlgün AS, Fındıklı E, Özmen V. Psychiatric symptoms and psychosocial problems in patients with breast cancer. J Breast Health. 2016;12(3):94-101.
  • Toyserkani NM, Jørgensen MG, Haugaard K, Sørensen JA. Seroma indicates increased risk of lymphedema following breast cancer treatment: A retrospective cohort study. Breast. 2017;32:102-104.
  • Lee JS, Jeon HJ, Lee J, Park HY, Yang JD. Treatment of late solidified hematoma in back donor site after breast reconstruction with latissimus dorsi flap: Report of three cases. BMC Surg. 2019;19(1):51.
  • Koehler LA, Haddad TC, Hunter DW, Tuttle TM. Axillary web syndrome following breast cancer surgery: Symptoms, complications, and management strategies. Breast Cancer . 2018;11:13-19.
  • Fakhari S, Atashkhoei S, Pourfathi H, Farzin H, Bilehjani E. Postmastectomy pain syndrome. International Journal of Women’s Health and Reproduction Sciences. 2017;5(1):18-23.
  • Fakhari S, Pourfathi H, Farzin H, Bilehjani E. Post-mastectomy phantom breast syndrome. Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Cancer Research. 2017;3(4):137-142.
  • Lovelace DL, McDaniel LR, Golden D. Long-term effects of breast cancer surgery, treatment, and survivor care. J Midwifery Womens Health. 2019;64(6):713-724.
  • Macedo FO, Bergmann A, Koifman RJ, Torres DM, Costa RM, da Silva IF. Axillary surgery in breast cancer: acute postoperative complications in a hospıtal cohort of women of Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Mastology. 2018;28(2):80-6.
  • Rząca MS, Łukasiewicz S, Sołowiej K, Stanisławek A, Domżał Drzewicka R. Limitations of functioning in everyday life in women surgically treated for breast cancer. Journal of Education Health and Sport. 2019;9(2):354-361.
  • Schreier AM, Johnson LA, Vohra NA, Muzaffar M, Kyle B. Post-treatment symptoms of pain, anxiety, sleep disturbance, and fatigue in breast cancer survivors. Pain Manag Nurs. 2019;20(2):146-151.
  • Casley Smith JR. Lymphedema initiated by aircraft flights. Aviat Space Environ Med. 1996;67(1):52-6.
  • Graham PH. Compression prophylaxis may increase the potential for flight associated lymphoedema after breast cancer treatment. Breast. 2002;11(1):66-71.
  • Hayes S, Cornish B, Newman B. Comparison of methods to diagnose lymphoedema among breast cancer survivors: 6-month follow-up. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2005;89(3):221-6.
  • McLaughlin SA, Wright MJ, Morris KT, Giron GL, Sampson MR, Brockway JP, et al. Prevalence of lymphedema in women with breast cancer 5 years after sentinel lymph node biopsy or axillary dissection: Patient perceptions and precautionary behaviors. J Clin Oncol. 2008;26(32):5213-9.
  • Mak SS, Yeo W, Lee YM, et al. Risk factors for the initiation and aggravation of lymphoedema after axillary lymph node dissection for breast cancer. Hong Kong Med J. 2009;15(3 Suppl 4):8-12.
  • Swenson KK, Nissen MJ, Leach JW, Post-White J. Case-control study to evaluate predictors of lymphedema after breast cancer surgery. Oncol Nurs Forum. 2009;36(2):185-93.
  • Showalter SL, Brown JC, Cheville AL, Fisher CS, Sataloff D, Schmitz KH. Lifestyle risk factors associated with arm swelling among women with breast cancer. Ann Surg Oncol. 2013;20(3):842–849.
  • Kilbreath SL, Refshauge KM, Beith JM, et al. Risk factors for lymphoedema in women with breast cancer: a large prospective cohort. Breast. 2016;28:29-36.
  • Ferguson CM, Swaroop MN, Horick N, et al. Impact of ipsilateral blood draws, injections, blood pressure measurements, and air travel on the risk of lymphedema for patients treated for breast cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2016;34(7):691-8.
  • Co M, Ng J, Kwong A. Air travel safety in postoperative breast cancer patients: A systematic review. Clin Breast Cancer. 2018;18(1):e151-e155.
  • Disipio T, Rye S, Newman B, Hayes S. Incidence of unilateral arm lymphoedema after breast cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Oncol. 2013;14(6):500-15.
  • Bevilacqua JL, Kattan MW, Changhong Y, et al. Nomograms for predicting the risk of arm lymphedema after axillary dissection in breast cancer. Ann Surg Oncol. 2012;19(8):2580-9.
  • Penn IW, Chang YC, Chuang E, et al. Risk factors and prediction model for persistent breast-cancer-related lymphedema: A 5-year cohort study. Support Care Cancer. 2019;27(3):991-1000.
  • Ribeiro Pereira ACP, Koifman RJ, Bergmann A. Incidence and risk factors of lymphedema after breast cancer treatment: 10 years of follow-up. Breast. 2017;36:67-73.
  • Hall JE. Vücut sıvı bölmeleri: hücre dışı ve hücre içi sıvılar; ödem. In: Çağlayan Yeğen B, ed. Guyton ve Hall Tıbbi Fizyoloji. 12. baskı. İstanbul: Nobel Tıp Kitabevleri; 2013:285-301.
  • Suami H. Anatomical theories of the pathophysiology of cancer-related lymphoedema. Cancers. 2020;12(5):1338.
  • Akezaki Y, Tominaga R, Kikuuchi M, et al. Risk factors for lymphedema in breast cancer survivors following axillary lymph node dissection. Prog Rehabil Med. 2019;4:20190021.
  • Fu MR. Breast cancer-related lymphedema: Symptoms, diagnosis, risk reduction, and management. World J Clin Oncol. 2014;5(3):241–247.
  • Heinze SB, Williams PD. Symptom alleviation and self-care among breast cancer survivors after treatment completion. Clin J Oncol Nurs. 2015;19(3):343-9.
  • Ward LC, Battersby KJ, Kilbreath SL. Airplane travel and lymphedema: A case study. Lymphology. 2009;42(3):139-45.
  • Ochalek K, Gradalski T, Partsch H. Preventing early postoperative arm swelling and lymphedema manifestation by compression sleeves after axillary lymph node interventions in breast cancer patients: A randomized controlled trial. J Pain Symptom Manage. 2017;54(3):346-354.
  • Ugur S, Arıcı C, Yaprak M, et al. Risk factors of breast cancer related lymphedema. Lymphat Res Biol. 2013;11(2):72-5.
  • Co M, Ng J, Kwong A. Air travel and postoperative lymphedema a systematic review. Clin Breast Cancer. 2018;18(1):e151-e155.
  • The International Air Transport Association. Forecasts passenger demand to double over 20 years. https://www.iata.org/en/pressroom/pr/2016-10-18-02/. Erişim tarihi 7 Nisan 2020.
  • Air Transport Action Grup. The economic & social benefits of air transport. Air Transport Action Grup. https://www.icao.int/meetings/wrdss2011/documents/jointworkshop2005/atag_socialbenefitsairtransport.pdf. Erişim tarihi 8 Nisan 2020.
  • Asdourian MS, Skolny MN, Brunelle C, Seward CE, Salama L, Taghian AG. Precautions for breast cancer-related lymphoedema: Risk from air travel, ipsilateral arm blood pressure measurements, skin puncture, extreme temperatures, and cellulitis. Lancet Oncol. 2016;17(9):e392-405.
  • Stuiver MM, ten Tusscher MR, Agasi-Idenburg CS, Lucas C, Aaronson NK, Bossuyt PMM. Conservative interventions for preventing clinically detectable upper-limb lymphoedema in patients who are at risk of developing lymphoedema after breast cancer therapy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015;(2):CD009765.
  • National Lymphedema Network. Position statement of the national lymphedema network. National Lymphedema Network. https://lymphnet.org/position-papers. Erişim tarihi 9 Nisan 2020.
  • Kilbreath SL, Ward LC, Lane K, et al. Effect of air travel on lymphedema risk in women with history of breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2010;120(3):649-54.
  • Hansdorfer-Korzon R, Teodorczyk J, Gruszecka A, Lass P. Are compression corsets beneficial for the treatment of breast cancer-related lymphedema? New opportunities in physiotherapy treatment a preliminary report. Onco Targets Ther. 2016;9:2089-98.
  • Ochałek K, Partsch H, Szygula Z. Prophylactic compression after breast cancer surgery. Veins and Lymphatics. 2018;7(7993):144.
  • American Cancer Society. What the patient can do. American Cancer Society. https://www.cancer.org/treatment/treatments-and-side-effects/physical-side-effects/lymphedema/for-people-with-lymphedema.html.Erişim tarihi 7 Nisan 2020.
  • National Lymphedema Network. Topic: Lymphedema risk reduction practices. https://klosetraining.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/NLNpractices.pdf. Erişim tarihi 7 Nisan 2020.
  • Cemal Y, Pusic A, Mehrara BJ. Preventative measures for lymphedema: Separating fact from fiction. J Am Coll Surg. 2011;213(4):543-51.
  • Gillespie TC, Sayegh HE, Brunelle CL, Daniell KM, Taghian AG. Breast cancer-related lymphedema: Risk factors, precautionary measures, and treatments. Gland Surg. 2018;7(4):379-403.
Toplam 58 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Klinik Tıp Bilimleri
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Aysel Gül 0000-0002-0073-8916

Dilek Aygin 0000-0003-4620-3412

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Aralık 2021
Kabul Tarihi 13 Aralık 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2021 Sayı: 15

Kaynak Göster

JAMA Gül A, Aygin D. Meme Kanseri Cerrahisi Sonrası Lenfödem ve Uçak Seyahati. IGUSABDER. 2021;:669–680.

 Alıntı-Gayriticari-Türetilemez 4.0 Uluslararası (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)