Araştırma Makalesi
Yıl 2023,
Cilt: 12 Sayı: 1, 67 - 74, 22.06.2023
Öz
Kuşlarda sesin yaşamlarındaki önemi günümüze kadar birçok araştırmacının ilgisini çekmiştir. Bununla ilgili yapılan geniş çaplı çalışmalar erkeğin ötüşünün dişinin karar kılmasında önemli etkileri olduğunu, erkeğin muhtemel hormonal durumu ve fiziksel gücü hakkında bilgi veriyor olabileceğini, bu durumun dişinin eş seçiminde karar kılmada etkili olabileceğini düşündürmektedir. Memelilerdeki gibi larinks bulunmasına karşın kuşlar şarkılarını söylemek için göğüslerinin derinliklerine yerleşmiş trakea ve akciğerler arasında lokalize olan sirinksi kullanmaktadırlar. Çalışmamızın amacı, desmin, vimentin ve laminin’in sirinks üzerine olası etkilerini araştırmaktır. Bu kapsamda sirinks’in epitel dokusu, kas dokusu, kıkırdak dokusu ve bezleri incelenmiş ve bu filamanların varlıkları histolojik olarak immünohistokimyasal yöntemler kullanılarak araştırılmıştır. Yapılan incelemeler sonucu desmin, vimentin ve laminin’in erkek ve dişi kınalı keklikler arasında değişkenlik göstermediği tespit edildi. Desmin ve vimentin’in düz kas hücrelerinde orta yoğunluklu bir reaksiyon gösterdiği görüldü. Laminin’in kaslarda güçlü reaksiyonlar gösterdiği; bezlerde, epitelyum hücrelerinde ve damar duvarlarında da güçlü reaksiyonlar gösterdiği görüldü. Elde edilen bu verilerden yola çıkarak bu intermediyer filamanların, keklik sirinksindeki hücre gruplarının iskelet yapısına katılarak hücrelerdeki homeostazının sağlanmasında ve organın fonksiyon gördüğü fizyolojik süreçlerin devamlılığında etkileri olduğunu söyleyebiliriz.
Destekleyen Kurum
Şırnak Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Koordinasyon Birimi
Proje Numarası
2021.FNAP.14.04.01
Teşekkür
Bu çalışmada desteklerini veren Şırnak Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Koordinasyon Birimi’ne teşekkürlerimizi sunarız.
Kaynakça
- Akbalik ME, Sagsoz H, Erdogan S, 2015: Osteopontin Epression in the Intestine of Chukar Partridge (Alectoris chukar, Gray, 1830). Anim Biol, 65 (3-4), 287-298.
- Amsterdam A, Aharoni D, 1994: Plasticity of cell organization during differentiation of normal and oncogene transformed granulosa cells. Microsc Res Tech, 27 (2), 108-124.
- Arkaş Alklay A, Topaloğlu U, Celenk F, Aydın N, Bayram B, Atalar Ö, 2022: Expression of Cytokeratin 8, 18 and 19 in the Period of Late Lactation and Involution in Cow Mammary Gland. Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg, 28 (3), 299-306.
- Aupperle H, März I, Schoon HA, 2008: Detection and characterization of chondroid metaplasia in canine atrioventricular valves. J Comp Pathol, 139 (2-3), 113-120.
- Baumel JJ, 1993: Handbook of avian anatomy: nomina anatomica avium. Publications of the Nuttall Ornithological Club (USA), no. 23.
- Carter V, Shenton BK, Jaques B, Turner D, Talbot D, Gupta A, Chapman CE, Matthews CJ, Cavanagh G, 2005: Vimentin antibodies: a non-HLA antibody as a potential risk factor in renal transplantation. Transplant Proc, 37, 654-657.
- Cochard P, Paulin D, 1984: Initial expression of neurofilaments and vimentin in the in vivo. J. Neurosci Res, 4, 2080-2094.
- Colognato H, Yurchenco PD, 2000: Form and function: the laminin family of heterotrimers. Dev Dyn, 218 (2), 213-234.
- De Souza PC, Katz SG, 2001: Coexpression of cytokeratin and vimentin in mice trophoblastic giant cells. Cell Tissue Res, 33, 40-45.
- Durbeej M, Larsson E, Ibraghimov-Beskrovnaya O, Roberds SL, Campbell KP, Ekblom P, 1995: Non-muscle alpha-dystroglycan is involved in epithelial development. J Cell Biol, 130 (1), 79-91.
- Durbeej M, Talts JF, Henry MD, Yurchenco PD, Campbell KP, Ekblom P, 2001: Dystroglycan binding to laminin α1LG4 module influences epithelial morphogenesis of salivary gland and lung in vitro. Differ, 69 (2-3), 121-134.
- Dürr J, Lammi P, Goodman SL, Aigner T, von der Mark K, 1996: Identification and immunolocalization of laminin in cartilage. Exp Cell Res, 222 (1), 225-233.
- Erdogan S, Sagsoz H, Paulsen F, 2015: Functional Anatomy of the Syrinx of the Chukar Partridge (Galliformes: Alectoris chukar) as a Model for Phonation Research. Anat Rec, 298, 602-617.
- Fletcher DA, Mullins RD, 2010: Cell mechanics and the cytoskeleton. Nature, 463 (7280), 485-492.
- Foster RF, Thompson JM, Kaufman SJ, 1987: A laminin substrate promotes myogenesis on rat skeletal muscle cultures: Analysis of replication and development using anti desmin and anti BrdUrd monoclonal antibodies. Dev Biol, 122, 11-20.
- Frank ED, Warren L, 1981: Aortic smooth muscle cells contain vimentin instead of desmin. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 78 (5), 3020-3024.
- Franke WW, Grund C, Kuhn C, Jackson BW, Illmensee K, 1982: Formation of cytoskeletal elements during mouse embryogenesis. III. Primary mesenchymal cells and the first appearance of vimentin filaments. Differ, 23, 43-59.
- Fuchs E, Weber K, 1994: Intermediate filaments: Structure, dynamics, function, and disease. Annu Rev Biochem, 63, 345-382.
- Galou M, Gao J, Humbert J, Mericskay M, Li Z, Paulin D, Vicart P, 1997: The importance of intermediate filaments in the adaptation of tissues to mechanical stress: evidence from gene knockout studies. Biol Cell, 89 (2), 85-97.
- Goldfarb LG, Vicart P, Goebel HH, Dalakas MC, 2004: Desmin myopathy. Brain, 127 (4), 723-734.
- Goldman RD, Khuon S, Chou YH, Opal P, Steinert PM, 1996: The function of intermediate filaments in cell shape and cytoskeletal integrity. J Cell Biol, 134 (4), 971-983.
- Goodman SL, Deutzmann R, Nurcombe V, 1989: Locomotory competence and laminin-specific cell surface binding sites are lost during myoblast differentiation. Development. 106, 795-802.
- Hedin U, Bottger BA, Forsberg E, Johansson S, Thyberg J, 1988: Diverse effects of fibronectin and laminin on phenotypic properties of cultured arterial smooth muscle cells. J Cell Biol, 107 (1), 307-319.
- Henzen-Logmans SC, Mullink H, Ramaekers F, Tadema T, Meijer CJ, 1987: Expression of cytokeratins and vimentin in epithelial cells of normal and pathologic thyroid tissue. Virchows Arch, 410 (4), 347-354.
- Herrmann H, Hofmann I, Franke WW, 1992: Identification of a nonapeptide motif in the vimentin head domain involved in intermediate filament assembly. J Mol Biol, 223, 637-650.
- Herrmann H, Harris JR, 1998: Intermediate Filaments. Subcell Biochem, 31, 1-622.
- Herrmann H, Bär H, Kreplak L, Strelkov SV, Aebi U, 2007: Intermediate filaments: from cell architecture to nanomechanics. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol, 8 (7), 562-573.
- Hesse M, Magin TM, Weber K, 2001: Genes for intermediate filament proteins. J Cell Sci, 114, 2569-2575.
- Hoffman MP, Kibbey MC, Letterio JJ, Kleinman HK, 1996: Role of laminin-1 and TGF-beta 3 in acinar differentiation of a human submandibular gland cell line (HSG). J Cell Biol, 109 (8), 2013-2021.
- Kadoya Y, Salmivirta K, Talts JF, Kadoya K, Mayer U, Timpl R, Ekblom P, 1997: Importance of nidogen binding to laminin gamma1 for branching epithelial morphogenesis of the submandibular gland. Development, 124 (3), 683-691.
- Khaksar Z, Kookhdan ET, Parto P, 2012: A study on anatomy and histological structure of larynx in adult male and female turkeys. Int J Zool, 7 (3), 245-250.
- King AS, McLelland J, 1984: Coelomic cavities. Birds: Their Structure and Function. 2nd ed. East Sussex, England: Bailliere Tindall, 79-83.
- Kingsley EP, Eliason CM, Riede T, Li Z, Hiscock TW, Farnsworth M, Thomson SL, Goller F, Tabin CJ, Clarke JA, 2018: Identity and novelty in the avian syrinx. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 115(41), 10209-10217.
- Kishi A, Yamamoto M, Kikuchi A, Iwanuma O, Watanabe Y, Ide Y, Abe S, 2012: Gene and protein expressions of vimentin and desmin during embryonic development of the mylohyoid muscle. Anat Sci Int, 87 (3), 126-131.
- Ko SH, Suh SH, Kim BJ, Ahn YB, Song KH, Yoo SJ, Son HS et. all, 2004: Expression of the intermediate filament vimentin in proliferating duct cells as a marker of pancreatic precursor cells Pancreas, 28, 121-128.
- Kohnen G, Campbell S, Jeffers MD, Cameron IT, 2000: Spatially regulated differentiation of endometrial vascular smooth muscle cells. Hum Reprod, 15 (2), 284-292.
- Korgun ET, Cayli S, Asar M, Demir R, 2007: Distribution of laminin, vimentin, and desmin in the rat uterus during initial stages of implantation. J Mol Histol, 38 (4), 253-260.
- Larsson A, Wilhelmsson U, Pekna M, Pekny M, 2004: Increased cell proliferation and neurogenesis in the hippocampal dentate gyrus of old GFAP(-/-)Vim(-/-) mice. Neurochem Res, 29, 2069-2073.
- Lazarides E, 1980: Intermediate filaments as mechanical integrators of cellular space. Nature, 283 (5744), 249-255.
- Loh SH, Chan WT, Gong Z, Lim TM, Chua KL, 2000: Characterization of a zebrafish (Danio rerio) desmin cDNA: an early molecular marker of myogenesis. Differ, 65, 247-254.
- Madekurozwa MC, 2013: An Immunohistochemical Study of the Oviduct in the Domestic Fowl (Gallus domesticus), Anat Histol Embryol, 42, 48-56.
- Mahrle G, Bolling R, Osborn M, Weber K, 1983: Intermediate filaments of the vimentin and prekeratin type in human epidermis. J Invest Dermatol, 81, 46-48.
- Mayne R, Sanderson RD, 1985: The extracellular matrix of skeletal muscle. Collagen Rel Res. 5, 449-468. Miner JH, 2008: Laminins and their roles in mammals. Microsc Res Tech, 71 (5), 349-356.
- Nickel R, Schummer A, Seiferle E, 1977: Anatomy of the domestic birds. Verlag Paul Parey. Berlin, German. Ocalan M, Goodman SL, Kuhl U, Haushka SD, von der Mark K, 1988: Laminin alters cell shape and stimulates motility and proliferation of murine skeletal myoblasts. Dev Biol, 125, 158-167.
- Prasad SC, Thraves PJ, Kuettel MR, Srinivasarao GY, Dritschilo A, Soldatenkov VA, 1998: Apoptosis-associated proteolysis of vimentin in human prostate epithelial tumor cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 249, 332-338.
- Prince B, Riede T, Goller F, 2011: Sexual dimorphism and bilateral asymmetry of syrinx and vocal tract in the European starling (Sturnus vulgaris). J Morphol, 272 (12), 1527-1536.
- Riede T, Goller F, 2010a: Functional morphology of the sound‐generating labia in the syrinx of two songbird species. J Anat, 216(1), 23-36.
- Riede T, Goller F, 2010b. Peripheral mechanisms for vocal production in birds–differences and similarities to human speech and singing. Brain Lang, 115(1), 69-80.
- Riede T, Thomson SL, Titze IR, Goller F, 2019: The evolution of the syrinx: An acoustic theory. PLoS Biol, 17(2), 1-22.
- Tanaka T, Wang C, Umesaki N, 2009: Remodeling of the human endometrial epithelium is regulated by laminin and type IV collagen. Int J Mol Med, 23(2), 173-180.
- von der Mark K, Ocalan M, 1989: The dedifferentiation and redifferentiation of myoblasts is triggered by fibronectin and laminin. Differ, 40, 150-157.
- Wakui S, Furusato M, Ushigome S, Kano Y, 1994: Coexpression of different cytokeratins, vimentin and desmin in the rete testis and epididymis in the dog. J Anat, 184 (1), 147-151.
- Warner RW, 1972: The anatomy of the syrinx in passerine birds. J Zool, 168 (3), 381-393.
- Yaoita E, Kawasaki K, Yamamoto T, Kihara I, 1990: Variable expression of desmin in rat glomerular epithelial cells. Am. J Clin Pathol, 136(4), 899-908.
- Yilmaz B, Yilmaz R, Arican I, Yildiz H, 2012: Anatomical structure of the syrinx in the mallard (Anas platyrhynchos). Harran Univ Vet Fak Derg, 1 (2), 111-116.
Localization of Desmin, Vimentin, and Laminin in the Syrinx of the Chukar Partridge (Alectoris chukar)
Öz
The importance of vocalizations in the lives of birds has attracted the attention of many researchers to date. Extensive studies on this subject suggest that the male's song has essential effects on the female's decision-making, that it may provide information about the male's possible hormonal status and physical strength, and that this may be effective in deciding the female's choice of mate. Although they have a larynx like mammals, birds use the syrinx, localized deep in the chest between the trachea and lungs, to sing. Our study aimed to investigate the possible effects of desmin, vimentin, and laminin on the syrinx. In this context, epithelial tissue, muscle tissue, cartilage tissue, and glands of the syrinx were examined, and the presence of these filaments was histologically investigated using immunohistochemical methods. It was determined that desmin, vimentin, and laminin did not vary between male and female partridges. Desmin and vimentin showed a moderate-intensity reaction in smooth muscle cells. Laminin showed strong reactions in muscles; it also showed strong reactions in glands, epithelial cells, and vessel walls. Based on these findings, we can say that these intermediary filaments participate in the cytoskeletal structure of cell groups in the partridge syrinx, maintaining homeostasis in the cells and the physiological processes by which the organ functions.
Proje Numarası
2021.FNAP.14.04.01
Kaynakça
- Akbalik ME, Sagsoz H, Erdogan S, 2015: Osteopontin Epression in the Intestine of Chukar Partridge (Alectoris chukar, Gray, 1830). Anim Biol, 65 (3-4), 287-298.
- Amsterdam A, Aharoni D, 1994: Plasticity of cell organization during differentiation of normal and oncogene transformed granulosa cells. Microsc Res Tech, 27 (2), 108-124.
- Arkaş Alklay A, Topaloğlu U, Celenk F, Aydın N, Bayram B, Atalar Ö, 2022: Expression of Cytokeratin 8, 18 and 19 in the Period of Late Lactation and Involution in Cow Mammary Gland. Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg, 28 (3), 299-306.
- Aupperle H, März I, Schoon HA, 2008: Detection and characterization of chondroid metaplasia in canine atrioventricular valves. J Comp Pathol, 139 (2-3), 113-120.
- Baumel JJ, 1993: Handbook of avian anatomy: nomina anatomica avium. Publications of the Nuttall Ornithological Club (USA), no. 23.
- Carter V, Shenton BK, Jaques B, Turner D, Talbot D, Gupta A, Chapman CE, Matthews CJ, Cavanagh G, 2005: Vimentin antibodies: a non-HLA antibody as a potential risk factor in renal transplantation. Transplant Proc, 37, 654-657.
- Cochard P, Paulin D, 1984: Initial expression of neurofilaments and vimentin in the in vivo. J. Neurosci Res, 4, 2080-2094.
- Colognato H, Yurchenco PD, 2000: Form and function: the laminin family of heterotrimers. Dev Dyn, 218 (2), 213-234.
- De Souza PC, Katz SG, 2001: Coexpression of cytokeratin and vimentin in mice trophoblastic giant cells. Cell Tissue Res, 33, 40-45.
- Durbeej M, Larsson E, Ibraghimov-Beskrovnaya O, Roberds SL, Campbell KP, Ekblom P, 1995: Non-muscle alpha-dystroglycan is involved in epithelial development. J Cell Biol, 130 (1), 79-91.
- Durbeej M, Talts JF, Henry MD, Yurchenco PD, Campbell KP, Ekblom P, 2001: Dystroglycan binding to laminin α1LG4 module influences epithelial morphogenesis of salivary gland and lung in vitro. Differ, 69 (2-3), 121-134.
- Dürr J, Lammi P, Goodman SL, Aigner T, von der Mark K, 1996: Identification and immunolocalization of laminin in cartilage. Exp Cell Res, 222 (1), 225-233.
- Erdogan S, Sagsoz H, Paulsen F, 2015: Functional Anatomy of the Syrinx of the Chukar Partridge (Galliformes: Alectoris chukar) as a Model for Phonation Research. Anat Rec, 298, 602-617.
- Fletcher DA, Mullins RD, 2010: Cell mechanics and the cytoskeleton. Nature, 463 (7280), 485-492.
- Foster RF, Thompson JM, Kaufman SJ, 1987: A laminin substrate promotes myogenesis on rat skeletal muscle cultures: Analysis of replication and development using anti desmin and anti BrdUrd monoclonal antibodies. Dev Biol, 122, 11-20.
- Frank ED, Warren L, 1981: Aortic smooth muscle cells contain vimentin instead of desmin. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 78 (5), 3020-3024.
- Franke WW, Grund C, Kuhn C, Jackson BW, Illmensee K, 1982: Formation of cytoskeletal elements during mouse embryogenesis. III. Primary mesenchymal cells and the first appearance of vimentin filaments. Differ, 23, 43-59.
- Fuchs E, Weber K, 1994: Intermediate filaments: Structure, dynamics, function, and disease. Annu Rev Biochem, 63, 345-382.
- Galou M, Gao J, Humbert J, Mericskay M, Li Z, Paulin D, Vicart P, 1997: The importance of intermediate filaments in the adaptation of tissues to mechanical stress: evidence from gene knockout studies. Biol Cell, 89 (2), 85-97.
- Goldfarb LG, Vicart P, Goebel HH, Dalakas MC, 2004: Desmin myopathy. Brain, 127 (4), 723-734.
- Goldman RD, Khuon S, Chou YH, Opal P, Steinert PM, 1996: The function of intermediate filaments in cell shape and cytoskeletal integrity. J Cell Biol, 134 (4), 971-983.
- Goodman SL, Deutzmann R, Nurcombe V, 1989: Locomotory competence and laminin-specific cell surface binding sites are lost during myoblast differentiation. Development. 106, 795-802.
- Hedin U, Bottger BA, Forsberg E, Johansson S, Thyberg J, 1988: Diverse effects of fibronectin and laminin on phenotypic properties of cultured arterial smooth muscle cells. J Cell Biol, 107 (1), 307-319.
- Henzen-Logmans SC, Mullink H, Ramaekers F, Tadema T, Meijer CJ, 1987: Expression of cytokeratins and vimentin in epithelial cells of normal and pathologic thyroid tissue. Virchows Arch, 410 (4), 347-354.
- Herrmann H, Hofmann I, Franke WW, 1992: Identification of a nonapeptide motif in the vimentin head domain involved in intermediate filament assembly. J Mol Biol, 223, 637-650.
- Herrmann H, Harris JR, 1998: Intermediate Filaments. Subcell Biochem, 31, 1-622.
- Herrmann H, Bär H, Kreplak L, Strelkov SV, Aebi U, 2007: Intermediate filaments: from cell architecture to nanomechanics. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol, 8 (7), 562-573.
- Hesse M, Magin TM, Weber K, 2001: Genes for intermediate filament proteins. J Cell Sci, 114, 2569-2575.
- Hoffman MP, Kibbey MC, Letterio JJ, Kleinman HK, 1996: Role of laminin-1 and TGF-beta 3 in acinar differentiation of a human submandibular gland cell line (HSG). J Cell Biol, 109 (8), 2013-2021.
- Kadoya Y, Salmivirta K, Talts JF, Kadoya K, Mayer U, Timpl R, Ekblom P, 1997: Importance of nidogen binding to laminin gamma1 for branching epithelial morphogenesis of the submandibular gland. Development, 124 (3), 683-691.
- Khaksar Z, Kookhdan ET, Parto P, 2012: A study on anatomy and histological structure of larynx in adult male and female turkeys. Int J Zool, 7 (3), 245-250.
- King AS, McLelland J, 1984: Coelomic cavities. Birds: Their Structure and Function. 2nd ed. East Sussex, England: Bailliere Tindall, 79-83.
- Kingsley EP, Eliason CM, Riede T, Li Z, Hiscock TW, Farnsworth M, Thomson SL, Goller F, Tabin CJ, Clarke JA, 2018: Identity and novelty in the avian syrinx. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 115(41), 10209-10217.
- Kishi A, Yamamoto M, Kikuchi A, Iwanuma O, Watanabe Y, Ide Y, Abe S, 2012: Gene and protein expressions of vimentin and desmin during embryonic development of the mylohyoid muscle. Anat Sci Int, 87 (3), 126-131.
- Ko SH, Suh SH, Kim BJ, Ahn YB, Song KH, Yoo SJ, Son HS et. all, 2004: Expression of the intermediate filament vimentin in proliferating duct cells as a marker of pancreatic precursor cells Pancreas, 28, 121-128.
- Kohnen G, Campbell S, Jeffers MD, Cameron IT, 2000: Spatially regulated differentiation of endometrial vascular smooth muscle cells. Hum Reprod, 15 (2), 284-292.
- Korgun ET, Cayli S, Asar M, Demir R, 2007: Distribution of laminin, vimentin, and desmin in the rat uterus during initial stages of implantation. J Mol Histol, 38 (4), 253-260.
- Larsson A, Wilhelmsson U, Pekna M, Pekny M, 2004: Increased cell proliferation and neurogenesis in the hippocampal dentate gyrus of old GFAP(-/-)Vim(-/-) mice. Neurochem Res, 29, 2069-2073.
- Lazarides E, 1980: Intermediate filaments as mechanical integrators of cellular space. Nature, 283 (5744), 249-255.
- Loh SH, Chan WT, Gong Z, Lim TM, Chua KL, 2000: Characterization of a zebrafish (Danio rerio) desmin cDNA: an early molecular marker of myogenesis. Differ, 65, 247-254.
- Madekurozwa MC, 2013: An Immunohistochemical Study of the Oviduct in the Domestic Fowl (Gallus domesticus), Anat Histol Embryol, 42, 48-56.
- Mahrle G, Bolling R, Osborn M, Weber K, 1983: Intermediate filaments of the vimentin and prekeratin type in human epidermis. J Invest Dermatol, 81, 46-48.
- Mayne R, Sanderson RD, 1985: The extracellular matrix of skeletal muscle. Collagen Rel Res. 5, 449-468. Miner JH, 2008: Laminins and their roles in mammals. Microsc Res Tech, 71 (5), 349-356.
- Nickel R, Schummer A, Seiferle E, 1977: Anatomy of the domestic birds. Verlag Paul Parey. Berlin, German. Ocalan M, Goodman SL, Kuhl U, Haushka SD, von der Mark K, 1988: Laminin alters cell shape and stimulates motility and proliferation of murine skeletal myoblasts. Dev Biol, 125, 158-167.
- Prasad SC, Thraves PJ, Kuettel MR, Srinivasarao GY, Dritschilo A, Soldatenkov VA, 1998: Apoptosis-associated proteolysis of vimentin in human prostate epithelial tumor cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 249, 332-338.
- Prince B, Riede T, Goller F, 2011: Sexual dimorphism and bilateral asymmetry of syrinx and vocal tract in the European starling (Sturnus vulgaris). J Morphol, 272 (12), 1527-1536.
- Riede T, Goller F, 2010a: Functional morphology of the sound‐generating labia in the syrinx of two songbird species. J Anat, 216(1), 23-36.
- Riede T, Goller F, 2010b. Peripheral mechanisms for vocal production in birds–differences and similarities to human speech and singing. Brain Lang, 115(1), 69-80.
- Riede T, Thomson SL, Titze IR, Goller F, 2019: The evolution of the syrinx: An acoustic theory. PLoS Biol, 17(2), 1-22.
- Tanaka T, Wang C, Umesaki N, 2009: Remodeling of the human endometrial epithelium is regulated by laminin and type IV collagen. Int J Mol Med, 23(2), 173-180.
- von der Mark K, Ocalan M, 1989: The dedifferentiation and redifferentiation of myoblasts is triggered by fibronectin and laminin. Differ, 40, 150-157.
- Wakui S, Furusato M, Ushigome S, Kano Y, 1994: Coexpression of different cytokeratins, vimentin and desmin in the rete testis and epididymis in the dog. J Anat, 184 (1), 147-151.
- Warner RW, 1972: The anatomy of the syrinx in passerine birds. J Zool, 168 (3), 381-393.
- Yaoita E, Kawasaki K, Yamamoto T, Kihara I, 1990: Variable expression of desmin in rat glomerular epithelial cells. Am. J Clin Pathol, 136(4), 899-908.
- Yilmaz B, Yilmaz R, Arican I, Yildiz H, 2012: Anatomical structure of the syrinx in the mallard (Anas platyrhynchos). Harran Univ Vet Fak Derg, 1 (2), 111-116.
Toplam 55 adet kaynakça vardır.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | Türkçe |
|---|---|
| Konular | Veteriner Cerrahi, Veteriner Histoloji ve Embriyolojisi |
| Bölüm | Araştıma |
| Yazarlar | |
| Proje Numarası | 2021.FNAP.14.04.01 |
| Erken Görünüm Tarihi | 22 Haziran 2023 |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 22 Haziran 2023 |
| Gönderilme Tarihi | 16 Ocak 2023 |
| Kabul Tarihi | 26 Mayıs 2023 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2023 Cilt: 12 Sayı: 1 |
