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Chemical and Nutritional Changes in Sunflower Silage Associated With Molasses, Lactic Acid Bacteria and Enzyme Supplementation

Yıl 2015, Cilt: 19 Sayı: 4, 223 - 231, 02.01.2016

Öz

This study was conducted to determine the effects of different silage additives on sunflower silage quality. The treatments were as follows: (1) control (C, no additive), (2) 5% molasses (M) (3) inoculation of lactic acid bacteria (LAB; 1.5 g/ton, a mixture of Lactobacillus plantarum and Enterococcus faecium applied at a rate of 6.00 log10 cfu LAB/g of fresh material) and (4) LAB+enzyme mixture 2 g/ton (LEN, Lactobacillus plantarum bacterium (6.00 log10 cfu/g) and cellulase (150000 CMCU/kg) and amylase (200000 SKB/kg) enzymes). Silage additives were mixed and stored in glass jars with 5 replicates for 90 days. There were no significant differences among the groups in terms of pH, ether extract (EE), acid detergent lignin (ADL) and hemicellulose (HEM). The water soluble carbohydrate (WSC) concentration was higher in the M group than those of other groups (P<0.01). Lactic and acetic acid concentration were lower in the LEN group than the other groups (P<0.05). In the LAB group, dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), crude ash (CA) and fleig point (FP) contents were lower than those of other groups (P<0.01). In the M group, neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) contents were lower and the total digestibility nutrient (TDN) and non-fiber carbohydrate (NFC) contents were higher than those of other groups (P<0.01). The crude cellulose (CC) contents of M and LEN groups were lower than that of C and LAB groups. In conclusion, addition of the bacterial inoculants (LAB and LEN) and molasses to sunflower crop before ensiling positively affected some quality traits. 

Kaynakça

  • Aksu, T., Baytok, E., Bolat, D., 2004. Effects of a bacterial silage inoculant on corn silage fermentation and nutrient digestibility. Small Ruminant Research, 55(1): 249-252.
  • Akyildiz, A.R., 1986. Feed science and technology. Ankara University. Agricultural Faculty Publications. Ankara. pp. 974.
  • AOAC. 2005. Official Methods of Analysis of AOAC International. 18th Edition. Gaithersburg, MD.
  • Ayaşan, T., Karakozak, E., 2012. Effects of using inoculant in silages in which different forage crops on crude nutrient content and quality. Fırat University Journal of Medicinal Science, 26: 93-98.
  • Bal, M.A., Coors, J.G., Shaver, R.D., 1997. Impact of the maturity of corn for use as silage in the diets of dairy cows on intake, digestion, and milk production. Journal of Dairy Science, 80: 2497-2503.
  • Baytok, E., Aksu, T., Karsli, M.A., Muruz, H., 2005. The effects of formic acid, molasses and inoculant as silage additives on corn silage composition and ruminal fermentation characteristics in sheep. Turkish Journal of Veterinary Animal Science, 29: 469-474.
  • Chandler, P., 1990. Energy prediction of feeds by forage testing explorer. Feedstuffs, 62(36): 12.
  • Demirel, M., Bolat, D., Celik, S., Bakici, Y., Tekeli, A., 2006. Evaluation of fermentation quality and digestibility of silages made from sorghum and sunflower alone and the mixtures of sorghum-sunflower. Journal of Biological Science, 6 (5): 926- 930.
  • Denek, N., Can, A., Tufenk, S., 2004. The effect of different silage additives to corn, sorghum and sunflower on silage quality and dry matter digestibility. Journal of Harran University Agriculture Faculty, 8: 1-10.
  • Dubois, M., Gilles, K.A., Hamilton, J.K., Rebers, P.A., Smith, F., 1956. Calorimetric method for determination of sugars and related substances. Analytical Chemistry, 28: 350-356.
  • Filya, İ., 2004. Nutritive value and aerobic stability of whole crop maize silage harvested at four stages of maturity. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 116: 141–150.
  • Filya, I., Sucu, E., Karabulut, A., 2006. The effect of lactobacillus buchneri on the fermentation, aerobic stability and ruminal degradability of maize silage. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 101: 1216–1223.
  • Gonçalves, L.C., Rodriguez, N.M., Pereira, L.G.R., Rodrigues, J.A.S., 1999. Evaluation of different harvest times of four genotypes of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) for ensiling. FAO Electronic conference on tropical silage, pp. 1-6.
  • Gregoire, T., 1999. Pro Crop. Sunflower Silage. NDSU Extension Service, North Dakota State University.
  • Gul, M., Yoruk, M.A., Karaoglu, M., Macit, M., 2008. Influence of microbial inoculation and molasses and their combination on fermentation characteristics and ruminal degradability of grass silages. Ataturk University Journal of Agriculture Faculty, 39: 201-207.
  • Islam, M., Enishi, O., Purnomoadi, A., Higuchi, K., Takusari, N., Terada, F., 2001. Energy and protein utilization by goats fed Italian ryegrass silage treated with molasses, urea, cellulase or cellulase+lactic acid bacteria. Small Ruminant Research, 42(1): 49-60.
  • Kılıç, A., 1986. Silo Feed Instructions (Teaching, Learning and Practice Recommendations), Bilgehan Press, Bornova, İzmir.
  • Koc, F., Coskuntuna, L., Ozduven, M.L., Coskuntuna, A., Samli, H.E., 2009. The effects of temperature on the silage microbiology and aerobic stability of corn and vetch-grain silages. Acta Agriculture Scand, 59(4): 239-246.
  • Kung, L., Tung, R.S., Maciorowski, K.G., Buffum, K., Knutsen, K., Aimutis, W.R., 1991. Effects of plant cell-wall-degrading enzymes and lactic acid bacteria on silage fermentation and composition. Journal of Dairy Science, 74: 4284-4296.
  • Meeske, R., Basson, H.M., 1998. The effect of a lactic acid bacterial inoculant on maize silage. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 70(3): 239-247.
  • Mehmet, A.B., 2006. Effects of hybrid type stage of maturity and fermentation length on whole plant com silage quality. Turkish Journal of Veterinary Animal Science, 30: 331-336.
  • Mello, R., Nomberg, J.L., Da Rocha, M.G., 2004. Productive and qualitative performance of corn, sorghum and sunflower hybrids for ensiling. Revista Brasileira de Agrociencia, 10: 87-95.
  • Nkosi, B.D., Meeske, R. Groenewald, I.B., 2010. Effects of ensiling potato hash with either whey or sugar cane molasses on silage quality and nutrient digestibility in sheep. Livestock Research for Rural Developments, 22: 1.
  • Ozduven, M.L., Koc, F., Polat, C., Coskuntuna, L., 2009. The effects of lactic acid bacteria and enzyme mixture inoculants on fermentation and nutritient digestibility of sunflower silage. Kafkas University Journal of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 15(2): 195-199.
  • Polat, C., Koc, F. Özdüven, M.L., 2005. The Effects of Lactic Acid Bacteria and Lactic Acid Bacteria+Enzyme Mixture Silage Inoculants on Maize Silage Fermentation and Nutrient Digestibility in Lambs. Journal of Tekirdağ Agriculture Faculty, 2 (1): 13-22.
  • Robinson, P.H., Givens, D.I., Getachew, G., 2004. Evaluation of NRC, UC Davis and ADAS approaches to estimate the metabolizable energy values of feeds at maintenance energy intake from equations utilizing chemical assays and in vitro determinations. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 114: 75–90.
  • Sniffen, C.J., O'connor, J.D., Van Soest, P.J., 1992. A net carbohydrate and protein system for evaluating cattle diets: II. Carbohydrate and protein availability. Journal of Animal Science, 70(3): 3562-3577.
  • SPSS, 1999. Version 17.00 for Windows. SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL. USA.
  • Sucu, E., Filya, I., 2006. Effects of homofermentative lactic acid bacterial inoculants on the fermentation and aerobic stability characteristics of low dry matter corn silages. Turkish Journal of Veterinary Animal Science, 30: 83-88.
  • Tan, M., Yolcu, H., Gül, Z.D., 2015. Nutritive value of sunflower silages ensiled with corn or alfalfa at different rate. Journal of Agricultural Science, 21: 184-191.
  • Tomich, T.R., 1999. Avaliacao das silagens de treze cultivares de girassol (Helianthus annuus L.) partipantes do ensaio nacional. Belo Horizonte: UFMG, Escola de Veterinaria., Dissertacao, p. 117.
  • Van Soest, P.H., Robertson, J.B., Lewis, B.A., 1991. Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and non-starch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. Journal of Dairy Science, 74: 3583–3597.
  • Weinberg, Z.G., Muck, R.E., 1996. New trends and opportunities in the development and use of inoculants for silage. FEMS Microbiology Reviews, 19: 53-68.
  • Weiss, W.P., Conrad, H.R., Pierre, N.R., 1992. A theoretically-based model for predicting total digestible nutrient values of forages and concentrates. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 39(1-2): 95-110.
  • Wilson, R.F., Wilkins, R.J., 1973. Formic acid as a silage additive. 1. Effect of formic acid on fermentation in laboratory silos. Journal of Agriculture Science, 81: 117-124.

Ayçiçeği Silajlarına Melas, Laktik Asit Bakterisi ve Enzim İlavesinin Silajların Kimyasal ve Besin Madde Değişimi Üzerine Etkileri

Yıl 2015, Cilt: 19 Sayı: 4, 223 - 231, 02.01.2016

Öz

Bu çalışma, farklı katkı maddelerinin ayçiçeği silajlarının kalitesi üzerine olan etkilerini belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Muameleler: (1) kontrol (K, katkı maddesi yok), (2) %5 melas ilavesi (M), (3) Laktik asit bakteri ilavesi (LAB; 1.5 g/ton, Lactobacillus plantarum ve Enterococcus faecium bakterisi içerir, 6.00 log10 cfu LAB/g içerir) ve (4) LAB+enzim karışımı 2 g/ton (LEN, Lactobacillus plantarum (6.00 log10 cfu/g) ve selülaz (150,000 CMCU/kg) ve amilaz (200,000 SKB/kg içerir). Silaj katımı maddeleri homojen biçimde ilave edilip 90 günlük fermantasyona bırakıldı. Gruplar arasında, pH, ham yağ (HY), asit deterjan lignin (ADL) ve hemiselüloz (HEM) bakımından farklılık bulunmadı. Suda çözünebilir karbonhidrat (SÇK) oranı M grubunda diğer gruplardan daha yüksek bulunmuştur (P<0.01). Laktik asit (LA) konsantrasyonu LEN grubunda (P<0.05) ve LAB grubunda kuru madde (KM), ham protein (HP), ham kül (HK) ve fleig puanı
(FP) diğer gruplardan daha düşük bulunmuştur (P<0.01). Melas katılan grupta, nötral deterjan fiber (NDF) ve asit deterjan fiber (ADF) içeriği düşük; toplam besin madde sindirilebilirliği (TSBM) ile selüloz olmayan karbonhidrat içeriği diğer gruplardan daha yüksek olmuştur (P<0.01). Ham selüloz (HS) içeriği M ve LEN gruplarında K ve LAB gruplarından daha düşük bulunmuştur. Sonuç olarak, ayçiçeği silajmateryallerine bakteriyel inokulantların, (LAB ve LEN) ve melas ilavesi silaj kalitesini olumlu yönde etkilediği tespit edilmiştir. 

Kaynakça

  • Aksu, T., Baytok, E., Bolat, D., 2004. Effects of a bacterial silage inoculant on corn silage fermentation and nutrient digestibility. Small Ruminant Research, 55(1): 249-252.
  • Akyildiz, A.R., 1986. Feed science and technology. Ankara University. Agricultural Faculty Publications. Ankara. pp. 974.
  • AOAC. 2005. Official Methods of Analysis of AOAC International. 18th Edition. Gaithersburg, MD.
  • Ayaşan, T., Karakozak, E., 2012. Effects of using inoculant in silages in which different forage crops on crude nutrient content and quality. Fırat University Journal of Medicinal Science, 26: 93-98.
  • Bal, M.A., Coors, J.G., Shaver, R.D., 1997. Impact of the maturity of corn for use as silage in the diets of dairy cows on intake, digestion, and milk production. Journal of Dairy Science, 80: 2497-2503.
  • Baytok, E., Aksu, T., Karsli, M.A., Muruz, H., 2005. The effects of formic acid, molasses and inoculant as silage additives on corn silage composition and ruminal fermentation characteristics in sheep. Turkish Journal of Veterinary Animal Science, 29: 469-474.
  • Chandler, P., 1990. Energy prediction of feeds by forage testing explorer. Feedstuffs, 62(36): 12.
  • Demirel, M., Bolat, D., Celik, S., Bakici, Y., Tekeli, A., 2006. Evaluation of fermentation quality and digestibility of silages made from sorghum and sunflower alone and the mixtures of sorghum-sunflower. Journal of Biological Science, 6 (5): 926- 930.
  • Denek, N., Can, A., Tufenk, S., 2004. The effect of different silage additives to corn, sorghum and sunflower on silage quality and dry matter digestibility. Journal of Harran University Agriculture Faculty, 8: 1-10.
  • Dubois, M., Gilles, K.A., Hamilton, J.K., Rebers, P.A., Smith, F., 1956. Calorimetric method for determination of sugars and related substances. Analytical Chemistry, 28: 350-356.
  • Filya, İ., 2004. Nutritive value and aerobic stability of whole crop maize silage harvested at four stages of maturity. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 116: 141–150.
  • Filya, I., Sucu, E., Karabulut, A., 2006. The effect of lactobacillus buchneri on the fermentation, aerobic stability and ruminal degradability of maize silage. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 101: 1216–1223.
  • Gonçalves, L.C., Rodriguez, N.M., Pereira, L.G.R., Rodrigues, J.A.S., 1999. Evaluation of different harvest times of four genotypes of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) for ensiling. FAO Electronic conference on tropical silage, pp. 1-6.
  • Gregoire, T., 1999. Pro Crop. Sunflower Silage. NDSU Extension Service, North Dakota State University.
  • Gul, M., Yoruk, M.A., Karaoglu, M., Macit, M., 2008. Influence of microbial inoculation and molasses and their combination on fermentation characteristics and ruminal degradability of grass silages. Ataturk University Journal of Agriculture Faculty, 39: 201-207.
  • Islam, M., Enishi, O., Purnomoadi, A., Higuchi, K., Takusari, N., Terada, F., 2001. Energy and protein utilization by goats fed Italian ryegrass silage treated with molasses, urea, cellulase or cellulase+lactic acid bacteria. Small Ruminant Research, 42(1): 49-60.
  • Kılıç, A., 1986. Silo Feed Instructions (Teaching, Learning and Practice Recommendations), Bilgehan Press, Bornova, İzmir.
  • Koc, F., Coskuntuna, L., Ozduven, M.L., Coskuntuna, A., Samli, H.E., 2009. The effects of temperature on the silage microbiology and aerobic stability of corn and vetch-grain silages. Acta Agriculture Scand, 59(4): 239-246.
  • Kung, L., Tung, R.S., Maciorowski, K.G., Buffum, K., Knutsen, K., Aimutis, W.R., 1991. Effects of plant cell-wall-degrading enzymes and lactic acid bacteria on silage fermentation and composition. Journal of Dairy Science, 74: 4284-4296.
  • Meeske, R., Basson, H.M., 1998. The effect of a lactic acid bacterial inoculant on maize silage. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 70(3): 239-247.
  • Mehmet, A.B., 2006. Effects of hybrid type stage of maturity and fermentation length on whole plant com silage quality. Turkish Journal of Veterinary Animal Science, 30: 331-336.
  • Mello, R., Nomberg, J.L., Da Rocha, M.G., 2004. Productive and qualitative performance of corn, sorghum and sunflower hybrids for ensiling. Revista Brasileira de Agrociencia, 10: 87-95.
  • Nkosi, B.D., Meeske, R. Groenewald, I.B., 2010. Effects of ensiling potato hash with either whey or sugar cane molasses on silage quality and nutrient digestibility in sheep. Livestock Research for Rural Developments, 22: 1.
  • Ozduven, M.L., Koc, F., Polat, C., Coskuntuna, L., 2009. The effects of lactic acid bacteria and enzyme mixture inoculants on fermentation and nutritient digestibility of sunflower silage. Kafkas University Journal of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 15(2): 195-199.
  • Polat, C., Koc, F. Özdüven, M.L., 2005. The Effects of Lactic Acid Bacteria and Lactic Acid Bacteria+Enzyme Mixture Silage Inoculants on Maize Silage Fermentation and Nutrient Digestibility in Lambs. Journal of Tekirdağ Agriculture Faculty, 2 (1): 13-22.
  • Robinson, P.H., Givens, D.I., Getachew, G., 2004. Evaluation of NRC, UC Davis and ADAS approaches to estimate the metabolizable energy values of feeds at maintenance energy intake from equations utilizing chemical assays and in vitro determinations. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 114: 75–90.
  • Sniffen, C.J., O'connor, J.D., Van Soest, P.J., 1992. A net carbohydrate and protein system for evaluating cattle diets: II. Carbohydrate and protein availability. Journal of Animal Science, 70(3): 3562-3577.
  • SPSS, 1999. Version 17.00 for Windows. SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL. USA.
  • Sucu, E., Filya, I., 2006. Effects of homofermentative lactic acid bacterial inoculants on the fermentation and aerobic stability characteristics of low dry matter corn silages. Turkish Journal of Veterinary Animal Science, 30: 83-88.
  • Tan, M., Yolcu, H., Gül, Z.D., 2015. Nutritive value of sunflower silages ensiled with corn or alfalfa at different rate. Journal of Agricultural Science, 21: 184-191.
  • Tomich, T.R., 1999. Avaliacao das silagens de treze cultivares de girassol (Helianthus annuus L.) partipantes do ensaio nacional. Belo Horizonte: UFMG, Escola de Veterinaria., Dissertacao, p. 117.
  • Van Soest, P.H., Robertson, J.B., Lewis, B.A., 1991. Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and non-starch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. Journal of Dairy Science, 74: 3583–3597.
  • Weinberg, Z.G., Muck, R.E., 1996. New trends and opportunities in the development and use of inoculants for silage. FEMS Microbiology Reviews, 19: 53-68.
  • Weiss, W.P., Conrad, H.R., Pierre, N.R., 1992. A theoretically-based model for predicting total digestible nutrient values of forages and concentrates. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 39(1-2): 95-110.
  • Wilson, R.F., Wilkins, R.J., 1973. Formic acid as a silage additive. 1. Effect of formic acid on fermentation in laboratory silos. Journal of Agriculture Science, 81: 117-124.
Toplam 35 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Gıda Mühendisliği
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Yusuf Konca Bu kişi benim

Selma Büyükkılıç Beyzı

Mahmut Kalıber Bu kişi benim

İsmail Ülger Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 2 Ocak 2016
Gönderilme Tarihi 2 Ocak 2016
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2015 Cilt: 19 Sayı: 4

Kaynak Göster

APA Konca, Y., Büyükkılıç Beyzı, S., Kalıber, M., Ülger, İ. (2016). Chemical and Nutritional Changes in Sunflower Silage Associated With Molasses, Lactic Acid Bacteria and Enzyme Supplementation. Harran Tarım Ve Gıda Bilimleri Dergisi, 19(4), 223-231.

Derginin Tarandığı İndeksler

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