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THE EFFECT of EXTRACTİON WİTH DİFFERENT SOLVENTS and SOLVENT MİXTURES on THE TOTAL AMOUNT of BIOACTIVE COMPONENTS of SAFFRON (Crocus sativus L.)

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 46 Sayı: 5, 1289 - 1300, 05.08.2021
https://doi.org/10.15237/gida.GD21031

Öz

This study examines various activities of the saffron, first quality according to Saffron Standard (TS/ISO 3632, 2011) extracts by using 13 different solvent systems, (distilled water, methanol, ethanol, acetone and their mixtures at different levels). Total phenolic measured in water, ethanol, methanol, (v/v/v, 30/30/40) extract with 2265.00 mg GAE/100 g DM as highest and, the acetone extract with 40.00 mg GAE/100 g DM as lowest. The highest amount of total flavonoids was detected in water, ethanol, methanol (v/v/v, 30/30/40) extract with 587.14 mg CE/100 g DM, flavonoid component was not detected in acetone extract. As antioxidant activity in DPPH and ABTS+ analysis methods, the highest values were detected in water, ethanol, methanol (v/v/v, 30/30/40) extract with 1202.68 mg TE/100 g DM and 1383.74 mg TE/100 g DM, respectively. The lowest were detected 232.43 mg TE/100 g DM (DPPH) in ethanol and 251.23 mg TE/100 g DM (ABTS+) in acetone extract.

Kaynakça

  • Alan, T.W.E., Ming, Y.H., Eng, S.O. 2007. Evaluation of surfactant assisted pressurized liquid extraction for the determination of glycyrrhizin and ephedrine in medicinal plants. Analytica Chimica Acta. 583, 289–295, DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2006.09.019.
  • Amin, A., Hamza, A.A., Bajbouj, K., Ashraf, S.S., Daoud, S., Ashraf, S.S., Daoud, S.,2011. Saffron: A Potential Candidate for a Novel Anticancer Drug Against Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Hepatology;54:857-867, DOI: 10.1002/hep.24433.
  • Assimopoulou, A.N., Sinakos, Z., Papageorgiou, V.P., 2005. Radical Scavenging Activity of Crocus sativus L. Extract and its Bioactive Constituents. Phytother. Res. 19, 997–1000, DOI: 10.1002/ptr.1749.
  • Atefi, M.S., 2006. Chemistry, Quality control and processing of saffron. Publications Mesopotamia. Mashad 17-24. ISBEN: 978-964-92029-2-1. Benthin, B., Danz, H., Hamburger, M.,1999. Pressurized liquid extraction of medicinal plants. Journal of Chromatography A, 837 (1999) 211–219, DOI: 10.1016/S0021-9673(99)00071-0.
  • Brand-Williams, W., Cuvelier, M. E., Berset, C.,1995. Use of a Free Radical Method to Evaluate Antioxidant Activity. Lebensm.-Wiss. u.-Technol., 28.25-30, DOI: S0023-6438(95)80008-5.
  • Chatterjee, S., Poduval, TB., Tilak, J.C., Devasagayarn, T.P.A., 2005. A modified, economic, sensitive method for measuring total antioxidant capacities of human plasma and natural compounds using Indian saffron (Crocus sativus). Clinica Chimica Acta 352 (2005) 155–163, DOI: 10.1016/j.cccn.2004.09.012.
  • Dehghani-Bidgoli, R., Salari, A., Bashiri, M., (2018). The Effect of Various Irrigation Regimes on Phenolic Compounds and Antioxidant Activity of Saffron Stigma Extract. 2018; 7 (1) :109-122. DOI: 10.22077/JSR.2018.1006.1042
  • Ghanbari, J., Khajoei-Nejad, G., van Ruth, S.M., Aghighi, S., (2019). The possibility for improvement of flowering, corm properties, bioactive compounds,and antioxidant activity in saffron (Crocus sativus L.) by different nutritional regimes.Industrıal Crops And Products. Volume: 135 Pages: 301-310., DOI: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2019.04.064.
  • Gismondi, A., Serio, M., Canuti, L., Canini, A., 2012. Biochemical, Antioxidant and Antineoplastic Properties of Italian Saffron (Crocus sativus L.). American Journal of Plant Sciences, Vol. 3 No. 11, 2012, pp. 1573-1580. doi: 10.4236/ajps.2012.311190.
  • Görünmezoğlu, Ö., 2008. Kayısı ve İncir Meyvelerinin Antioksidan Kapasitelerinin Araştırılması, Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Kimya Anabilim Dalı, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Aydın, Türkiye.
  • Jia, Z., Tang, M.C., Wu, J.M., 1999. The determination of flavonoid contents in mulberry and their scavenging effects on superoxide radicals. Food Chemistry, Volume 64, Issue 4, March 1999, Pages 555-559, DOI: 10.1016/S0308-8146(98)00102-2.
  • Karimi, E., Oskoueian, E., Hendra, R., Hawa, Z., Jaafar, E., 2010. Evaluation of Crocus sativus L. Stigma Phenolic and Flavonoid Compounds and Its Antioxidant Activity. Molecules 2010, 15, 6244-6256; doi:10.3390/molecules15096244.
  • Makhlouf, H., Saksouk, M., Habib, J., Chahine, R., 2011. Determination of antioxidant activity of saffron taken from the flower of Crocus sativus grown in Lebanon. African Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 10(41), pp. 8093-8100, DOI: 10.5897/AJB11.406
  • Ordoudı, S.A., Befanı, C.D., Nenadıs, N., Kolıakos, G,G., Tsımıdou, M.Z., 2009. Further Examination of Antiradical Properties of Crocus sativus Stigmas Extract Rich in Crocins. J. Agric. Food Chem. 57, 3080–3086, DOI: 10.1021/jf804041g.
  • Papandreou, M.A., Kanakis, C.D., Polissiou, M.G., Efthimiopoulos, S,. Cordopatis, P., Margarity, M., Lamari, F.N., 2006. Inhibitory Activity on Amyloid-β Aggregation and Antioxidant Properties of Crocus sativus Stigmas Extract and Its Crocin Constituents. journal of agrıcultural and food chemıstry,Volume: 54, Issue: 23,Pages: 8762-8768, DOI: 10.1021/jf061932a.
  • Rahaiee, S., Moini, S., Hashemi, M., Shojaosadati, S.A., 2015. Evaluation of antioxidant activities of bioactive compounds and various extracts obtained from saffron (Crocus sativus L.): a review. Journal of food scıence and technology-MYSORE, Volume: 52, Issue: 4, Pages: 1881-1888, DOI: 10.1007/s13197-013-1238-x.
  • Re, R., Pellegrini, N., Proteggente, A., Pannala, A., Yang, M., Rice-Evans, C., 1999. Antioxidant activity applying an improved ABTS radical cation decolorization assay. Free Radic Biol Med, 26(9- 10), 1231-1237, DOI: 10.1016/S0891-5849(98)00315-3.
  • Rikabad, M.M., Pourakbar, L., Moghaddam, S.S., Popovic-Djordjevic, J., (2019). Agrobiological, chemical and antioxidant properties of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) exposed to TiO2 nanoparticles and ultraviolet-B stress. INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS Volume: 137, Pages: 137-143. DOI: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2019.05.017.
  • Sánchez-Moreno, C., (2002). Methods Used to Evaluate the Free Radical Scavenging Activity in Foods and Biological Systems. Food Science and Technology International. https://doi.org/10.1106/108201302026770.
  • Singleton, V.L., Rossi, J. A. J., (1965). Colorometry of total phenolics with phosphomolybdic-phosphotungstic acid reagents. American Journal of Enology and Viticulture. https://doi.org/10.12691/ijebb-2-1-5.
  • Valizadeh, R., (1998). Leaf usage as feeding animal. Iran science research, Khorasan, Iran.
  • Xu, B.J., Chang, S.K.C., 2007. Acomparative study on phenolic profiles and antioxidant activities of legumes as affected by extraction solvent. Journal of food scıence, Volume: 72, Issue: 2, Pages: S159-S166, DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2006.00260.x.
  • Zarinkamar, F., Tajik, S., Niknam, V., (2017). Evaluation of antioxidant activity and phenolic content from saffron organs (Crocus sativus L.). JMBS. 2017; 8 (2) :160-170 URL: http://biot.modares.ac.ir/article-22-119-fa.html.

FARKLI ÇÖZGEN VE ÇÖZGEN KARIŞIMLARI İLE EKSTRAKSİYONUN SAFRANIN (Crocus sativus L.) TOPLAM BİYOAKTİF BİLEŞEN MİKTARINA ETKİSİ

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 46 Sayı: 5, 1289 - 1300, 05.08.2021
https://doi.org/10.15237/gida.GD21031

Öz

Safran Standardına göre (TS/ISO 3632, 2011) kalite açısından birinci derece bir safran baharatının, 13 farklı çözgen sistemi (saf su, metanol, etanol, asetonun farklı oranlarda karışımı) kullanılarak elde edilen ekstraktlarının toplam fenolik ve flavonoid madde miktarlarıyla antioksidan aktiviteleri üzerine etkileri incelenmiştir. Sonuçlar incelendiğinde en yüksek toplam fenolik madde miktarı 2265.00 mg GAE/100 g KM ile su/etanol/metanol (v/v/v, 30/30/40) ekstraktında saptanırken, en düşük toplam fenolik madde miktarı 40.00 mg GAE/100 g KM ile aseton ekstraktında saptanmıştır. Toplam flavonoid madde açısından en yüksek miktar 587.14 mg KE/100 g KM ile su/etanol/metanol (v/v/v, 30/30/40) ekstraktında tespit edilirken, aseton ekstraktında flavonoid bileşeni tespit edilememiştir. Antioksidan aktivite açısından DPPH ve ABTS+ analiz yöntemlerinde en yüksek değerler sırasıyla 1202.68 mg TE/100 g KM ve 1383.74 mg TE/100 g KM ile su/etanol/metanol (v/v/v, 30/30/40) ekstraktında saptanırken, en düşük miktar DPPH için 232.43 mg TE/100 g KM etanolde ve ABTS+ için 251.23 mg TE/100 g KM aseton ekstraktında saptanmıştır.

Kaynakça

  • Alan, T.W.E., Ming, Y.H., Eng, S.O. 2007. Evaluation of surfactant assisted pressurized liquid extraction for the determination of glycyrrhizin and ephedrine in medicinal plants. Analytica Chimica Acta. 583, 289–295, DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2006.09.019.
  • Amin, A., Hamza, A.A., Bajbouj, K., Ashraf, S.S., Daoud, S., Ashraf, S.S., Daoud, S.,2011. Saffron: A Potential Candidate for a Novel Anticancer Drug Against Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Hepatology;54:857-867, DOI: 10.1002/hep.24433.
  • Assimopoulou, A.N., Sinakos, Z., Papageorgiou, V.P., 2005. Radical Scavenging Activity of Crocus sativus L. Extract and its Bioactive Constituents. Phytother. Res. 19, 997–1000, DOI: 10.1002/ptr.1749.
  • Atefi, M.S., 2006. Chemistry, Quality control and processing of saffron. Publications Mesopotamia. Mashad 17-24. ISBEN: 978-964-92029-2-1. Benthin, B., Danz, H., Hamburger, M.,1999. Pressurized liquid extraction of medicinal plants. Journal of Chromatography A, 837 (1999) 211–219, DOI: 10.1016/S0021-9673(99)00071-0.
  • Brand-Williams, W., Cuvelier, M. E., Berset, C.,1995. Use of a Free Radical Method to Evaluate Antioxidant Activity. Lebensm.-Wiss. u.-Technol., 28.25-30, DOI: S0023-6438(95)80008-5.
  • Chatterjee, S., Poduval, TB., Tilak, J.C., Devasagayarn, T.P.A., 2005. A modified, economic, sensitive method for measuring total antioxidant capacities of human plasma and natural compounds using Indian saffron (Crocus sativus). Clinica Chimica Acta 352 (2005) 155–163, DOI: 10.1016/j.cccn.2004.09.012.
  • Dehghani-Bidgoli, R., Salari, A., Bashiri, M., (2018). The Effect of Various Irrigation Regimes on Phenolic Compounds and Antioxidant Activity of Saffron Stigma Extract. 2018; 7 (1) :109-122. DOI: 10.22077/JSR.2018.1006.1042
  • Ghanbari, J., Khajoei-Nejad, G., van Ruth, S.M., Aghighi, S., (2019). The possibility for improvement of flowering, corm properties, bioactive compounds,and antioxidant activity in saffron (Crocus sativus L.) by different nutritional regimes.Industrıal Crops And Products. Volume: 135 Pages: 301-310., DOI: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2019.04.064.
  • Gismondi, A., Serio, M., Canuti, L., Canini, A., 2012. Biochemical, Antioxidant and Antineoplastic Properties of Italian Saffron (Crocus sativus L.). American Journal of Plant Sciences, Vol. 3 No. 11, 2012, pp. 1573-1580. doi: 10.4236/ajps.2012.311190.
  • Görünmezoğlu, Ö., 2008. Kayısı ve İncir Meyvelerinin Antioksidan Kapasitelerinin Araştırılması, Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Kimya Anabilim Dalı, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Aydın, Türkiye.
  • Jia, Z., Tang, M.C., Wu, J.M., 1999. The determination of flavonoid contents in mulberry and their scavenging effects on superoxide radicals. Food Chemistry, Volume 64, Issue 4, March 1999, Pages 555-559, DOI: 10.1016/S0308-8146(98)00102-2.
  • Karimi, E., Oskoueian, E., Hendra, R., Hawa, Z., Jaafar, E., 2010. Evaluation of Crocus sativus L. Stigma Phenolic and Flavonoid Compounds and Its Antioxidant Activity. Molecules 2010, 15, 6244-6256; doi:10.3390/molecules15096244.
  • Makhlouf, H., Saksouk, M., Habib, J., Chahine, R., 2011. Determination of antioxidant activity of saffron taken from the flower of Crocus sativus grown in Lebanon. African Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 10(41), pp. 8093-8100, DOI: 10.5897/AJB11.406
  • Ordoudı, S.A., Befanı, C.D., Nenadıs, N., Kolıakos, G,G., Tsımıdou, M.Z., 2009. Further Examination of Antiradical Properties of Crocus sativus Stigmas Extract Rich in Crocins. J. Agric. Food Chem. 57, 3080–3086, DOI: 10.1021/jf804041g.
  • Papandreou, M.A., Kanakis, C.D., Polissiou, M.G., Efthimiopoulos, S,. Cordopatis, P., Margarity, M., Lamari, F.N., 2006. Inhibitory Activity on Amyloid-β Aggregation and Antioxidant Properties of Crocus sativus Stigmas Extract and Its Crocin Constituents. journal of agrıcultural and food chemıstry,Volume: 54, Issue: 23,Pages: 8762-8768, DOI: 10.1021/jf061932a.
  • Rahaiee, S., Moini, S., Hashemi, M., Shojaosadati, S.A., 2015. Evaluation of antioxidant activities of bioactive compounds and various extracts obtained from saffron (Crocus sativus L.): a review. Journal of food scıence and technology-MYSORE, Volume: 52, Issue: 4, Pages: 1881-1888, DOI: 10.1007/s13197-013-1238-x.
  • Re, R., Pellegrini, N., Proteggente, A., Pannala, A., Yang, M., Rice-Evans, C., 1999. Antioxidant activity applying an improved ABTS radical cation decolorization assay. Free Radic Biol Med, 26(9- 10), 1231-1237, DOI: 10.1016/S0891-5849(98)00315-3.
  • Rikabad, M.M., Pourakbar, L., Moghaddam, S.S., Popovic-Djordjevic, J., (2019). Agrobiological, chemical and antioxidant properties of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) exposed to TiO2 nanoparticles and ultraviolet-B stress. INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS Volume: 137, Pages: 137-143. DOI: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2019.05.017.
  • Sánchez-Moreno, C., (2002). Methods Used to Evaluate the Free Radical Scavenging Activity in Foods and Biological Systems. Food Science and Technology International. https://doi.org/10.1106/108201302026770.
  • Singleton, V.L., Rossi, J. A. J., (1965). Colorometry of total phenolics with phosphomolybdic-phosphotungstic acid reagents. American Journal of Enology and Viticulture. https://doi.org/10.12691/ijebb-2-1-5.
  • Valizadeh, R., (1998). Leaf usage as feeding animal. Iran science research, Khorasan, Iran.
  • Xu, B.J., Chang, S.K.C., 2007. Acomparative study on phenolic profiles and antioxidant activities of legumes as affected by extraction solvent. Journal of food scıence, Volume: 72, Issue: 2, Pages: S159-S166, DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2006.00260.x.
  • Zarinkamar, F., Tajik, S., Niknam, V., (2017). Evaluation of antioxidant activity and phenolic content from saffron organs (Crocus sativus L.). JMBS. 2017; 8 (2) :160-170 URL: http://biot.modares.ac.ir/article-22-119-fa.html.
Toplam 23 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Gıda Mühendisliği
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Saeid Chobdar Rahım 0000-0002-5888-5441

Janan Hossein Zadeh 0000-0002-1024-9980

Fikret Pazır 0000-0003-3997-4892

Gülden Ova 0000-0002-9161-0212

Yayımlanma Tarihi 5 Ağustos 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2021 Cilt: 46 Sayı: 5

Kaynak Göster

APA Chobdar Rahım, S., Hossein Zadeh, J., Pazır, F., Ova, G. (2021). FARKLI ÇÖZGEN VE ÇÖZGEN KARIŞIMLARI İLE EKSTRAKSİYONUN SAFRANIN (Crocus sativus L.) TOPLAM BİYOAKTİF BİLEŞEN MİKTARINA ETKİSİ. Gıda, 46(5), 1289-1300. https://doi.org/10.15237/gida.GD21031
AMA Chobdar Rahım S, Hossein Zadeh J, Pazır F, Ova G. FARKLI ÇÖZGEN VE ÇÖZGEN KARIŞIMLARI İLE EKSTRAKSİYONUN SAFRANIN (Crocus sativus L.) TOPLAM BİYOAKTİF BİLEŞEN MİKTARINA ETKİSİ. GIDA. Ağustos 2021;46(5):1289-1300. doi:10.15237/gida.GD21031
Chicago Chobdar Rahım, Saeid, Janan Hossein Zadeh, Fikret Pazır, ve Gülden Ova. “FARKLI ÇÖZGEN VE ÇÖZGEN KARIŞIMLARI İLE EKSTRAKSİYONUN SAFRANIN (Crocus Sativus L.) TOPLAM BİYOAKTİF BİLEŞEN MİKTARINA ETKİSİ”. Gıda 46, sy. 5 (Ağustos 2021): 1289-1300. https://doi.org/10.15237/gida.GD21031.
EndNote Chobdar Rahım S, Hossein Zadeh J, Pazır F, Ova G (01 Ağustos 2021) FARKLI ÇÖZGEN VE ÇÖZGEN KARIŞIMLARI İLE EKSTRAKSİYONUN SAFRANIN (Crocus sativus L.) TOPLAM BİYOAKTİF BİLEŞEN MİKTARINA ETKİSİ. Gıda 46 5 1289–1300.
IEEE S. Chobdar Rahım, J. Hossein Zadeh, F. Pazır, ve G. Ova, “FARKLI ÇÖZGEN VE ÇÖZGEN KARIŞIMLARI İLE EKSTRAKSİYONUN SAFRANIN (Crocus sativus L.) TOPLAM BİYOAKTİF BİLEŞEN MİKTARINA ETKİSİ”, GIDA, c. 46, sy. 5, ss. 1289–1300, 2021, doi: 10.15237/gida.GD21031.
ISNAD Chobdar Rahım, Saeid vd. “FARKLI ÇÖZGEN VE ÇÖZGEN KARIŞIMLARI İLE EKSTRAKSİYONUN SAFRANIN (Crocus Sativus L.) TOPLAM BİYOAKTİF BİLEŞEN MİKTARINA ETKİSİ”. Gıda 46/5 (Ağustos 2021), 1289-1300. https://doi.org/10.15237/gida.GD21031.
JAMA Chobdar Rahım S, Hossein Zadeh J, Pazır F, Ova G. FARKLI ÇÖZGEN VE ÇÖZGEN KARIŞIMLARI İLE EKSTRAKSİYONUN SAFRANIN (Crocus sativus L.) TOPLAM BİYOAKTİF BİLEŞEN MİKTARINA ETKİSİ. GIDA. 2021;46:1289–1300.
MLA Chobdar Rahım, Saeid vd. “FARKLI ÇÖZGEN VE ÇÖZGEN KARIŞIMLARI İLE EKSTRAKSİYONUN SAFRANIN (Crocus Sativus L.) TOPLAM BİYOAKTİF BİLEŞEN MİKTARINA ETKİSİ”. Gıda, c. 46, sy. 5, 2021, ss. 1289-00, doi:10.15237/gida.GD21031.
Vancouver Chobdar Rahım S, Hossein Zadeh J, Pazır F, Ova G. FARKLI ÇÖZGEN VE ÇÖZGEN KARIŞIMLARI İLE EKSTRAKSİYONUN SAFRANIN (Crocus sativus L.) TOPLAM BİYOAKTİF BİLEŞEN MİKTARINA ETKİSİ. GIDA. 2021;46(5):1289-300.

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