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Influence of Team-Based Trust and Team Identification on Behavioral Loyalty: A Study of Soccer Fans

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 24 Sayı: 4, 199 - 214, 01.10.2019

Öz

Team trust is one of the most significant issues associated with satisfaction and loyalty, and it continues to be a fundamental variable for sports marketers. Research has demonstrated that team identification has a critical role on satisfaction and loyalty, yet findings have been limited regarding the importance of team-based trust for fans in soccer context. However, there is no other branch of sport that reflects the spirit of fan better than soccer (football). To fill this research gap, this study investigates relationships among team trust, team identification and loyalty. Therefore, the fact that the relationships between variables have not been analyzed before, point to the importance of the research. The data were collected in Turkey, using questionnaires, which were online self-administrated to fans of soccer teams in Turkey Football Super League. The data were collected using convenience sampling (n= 379). The questionnaire in the research included three scales, and demographic variables. The team trust scale was adapted from brand trust scale (Laroche et al., 2012). The team identification scale was adopted from Lee, Heere and Chung (2013). The seven-item team attitudinal loyalty scale was used to measure fans' loyalty level (Heere and Dickson, 2008). The result of the SEM (Structural Equation Modeling) revealed a significant relationship between team based trust and team identification (β= ,425; p<0,01). The results show that there is no positive relationship between fans’ team trust (β= ,086; p>0,05) and behavioral loyalty was mediated by team identification. The study results also have significant managerial implications that extends theoretical framework of sports marketing by empirical results, it also offer a few implications for practice. Knowing the relationship between team’ trust and team identification provides new perspectives for both academicians and practitioners as well.

Kaynakça

  • Altman, I., & Taylor, D. A. (1973). Social penetration: The development of interpersonal relationships. Holt, Rinehart & Winston.
  • Aggarwal, P. (2004). The effects of brand relationship norms on consumer attitudes and behavior. Journal of consumer research, 31(1), 87-101.
  • Babbie, E. (1998), The Practice of Social Research, Vol. 8, Wadsworth, Belmont, CA.Becerra, E., & Badrinarayanan, V. (2013). The influence of brand trust and brand identification on brand evangelism. Journal of Product & Brand Management, 22(5/6), 371-383.
  • Bhattacharya, C.B., & Sen, S. (2003). Consumer-company identification: A framework for understanding consumers’ relationships with companies. Journal of marketing, 67(2), 76-88.
  • Bloemer, J.M., & Kasper, H.D. (1995). The complex relationship between consumer satisfaction and brand loyalty. Journal of economic psychology, 16(2), 311-329.
  • Bodet, G., & Bernache-Assollant, (2011). Consumer Loyalty in Sport Spectatorship Services: The Relationships with Consumer Satisfaction and Team Identification. Psychology & Marketing, Vol.28 No.8, pp.781-802.
  • Branscombe, N.R., & Wann, D. L. (1991). The Positive Social and Self-Concept Consequences of Sports Team Identification. Journal of Sport & Social Issues, Vol.15 No.2, pp.115-127.
  • Casaló, L., Flavián, C., & Guinalíu, M. (2007). The impact of participation in virtual brand communities on consumer trust and loyalty: The case of free software. Online information review, 31(6), 775-792.
  • Chaudhuri, A., & Holbrook, M.B. (2001). The chain of effects from brand trust and brand affect to brand performance: the role of brand loyalty. Journal of marketing, 65(2), 81-93.
  • Costa, A.C., Roe, R.A., & Taillieu, T. (2001). Trust within teams: The relation with performance effectiveness. European journal of work and organizational psychology, 10(3), 225-244.
  • Coulter, K.S., & Coulter, R.A. (2002). Determinants of Trust in A Service Provider: The Moderating Role of Length of Relationship. Journal of services marketing, 16(1), 35-50.
  • Dalakas, V., & Phillips Melancon, J. (2012). Fan Identification, Schadenfreude Toward Hated Rivals, And The Mediating Effects of Importance of Winning Index (IWIN). Journal of Services Marketing, 26(1), 51-59.
  • Delgado-Ballester, E., & Luis Munuera-Alemán, J. (2001). Brand Trust in The Context of Consumer Loyalty. European Journal of marketing, 35(11/12), 1238-1258.
  • Deutsch, M. (1958). Trust and Suspicion. Journal of conflict resolution, 2(4), 265-279.
  • Dick, A. S., & Basu, K. (1994). Customer Loyalty: Toward an Integrated Conceptual Framework. Journal of the academy of marketing science, 22(2), 99-113.
  • Dirks, K. T., & Skarlicki, D. P. (2009). The Relationship Between Being Perceived as Trustworthy by Coworkers and Individual Performance. Journal of Management, 35(1), 136-157.
  • Dwyer, F. R., Schurr, P. H., & Oh, S. (1987). Developing Buyer-Seller Relationships. The Journal of Marketing, 11-27.
  • Elliott, R., & Yannopoulou, N. (2007). The Nature of Trust in Brands: A Psychosocial Model. European Journal of Marketing, 41(9/10), 988-998.
  • Fiore, S. M., Salas, E., & Cannon-Bowers, J. A. (2001). Group Dynamics and Shared Mental Model Development. How people evaluate others in organizations, 234.
  • Fornell, C. and Larcker, D. F. (1981). Structural Equation Models with Unobservable Variables and Measurement Error: Algebra and Statistics. Journal of marketing research, Vol.18. No.3, pp.382-388.
  • Funk, D. C., & James, J. (2001). The Psychological Continuum Model: A Conceptual Framework for Understanding an Individual's Psychological Connection to Sport. Sport management review, 4(2), 119-150.
  • Gommans, M., Krishman, K. S., & Scheffold, K. B. (2001). From Brand Loyalty to E-Loyalty: A Conceptual Framework. Journal of Economic & Social Research, 3(1).
  • Gwinner, K. and Swanson, S. R. (2003). A Model of Fan Identification: Antecedents and Sponsorship Outcomes. Journal of Services Marketing, 17(3), 275–294.
  • Gwinner, Kevin P., Dwayne D. Gremler, and Mary Jo Bitner (1998), “Relational Benefits in Service Industries: The Customer’s Perspective,” Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 26 (2), 101–14
  • Hair, E., Halle, T., Terry-Humen, E., Lavelle, B., & Calkins, J. (2006). Children's School Readiness in The ECLS-K: Predictions to Academic, Health, And Social Outcomes in First Grade. Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 21(4), 431-454.
  • Halim, R. E. (2006). The Effect of the Relationship of Brand Trust and Brand Effect On Brand Performance: An Analysis from Brand Loyalty Perspective (A Case of Instant Coffee Product in Indonesia).
  • Hambleton, R. K., & Kanjee, A. (1993). Enhancing the Validity of Cross-Cultural Studies: Improvements in Instrument Translation Methods.
  • Heere, B., & Dickson, G. (2008). Measuring Attitudinal Loyalty: Separating The Terms of Affective Commitment and Attitudinal Loyalty. Journal of Sport Management, 22(2), 227-239.
  • Hempel, P. S., Zhang, Z. X., & Tjosvold, D. (2009). Conflict Management Between and Within Teams for Trusting Relationships and Performance in China. Journal of Organizational Behavior: The International Journal of Industrial, Occupational and Organizational Psychology and Behavior, 30(1), 41-65.
  • Heere, B., & James, J. D. (2007). Sports Teams and Their Communities: Examining The Influence of External Group Identities On Team Identity. Journal of Sport Management, 21(3), 319-337.
  • Hill, B. and Green, B. C. (2000). Repeat Attendance as a Function of Involvement, Loyalty, and the Sportscape Across Three Football Contexts. Sport Management Review,3(1), 145-162.
  • Ho, L. A., Kuo, T. H., & Lin, B. (2012). How Social Identification and Trust Influence Organizational Online Knowledge Sharing. Internet Research, 22(1), 4-28.
  • Katz, M., & Heere, B. (2013). Leaders and Followers: An Exploration of the Notion of Scale-Free Networks Within a New Brand Community. Journal of Sport Management, 27(4), 271-287.
  • Keh, H. T., & Xie, Y. (2009). Corporate Reputation and Customer Behavioral Intentions: The Roles of Trust, Identification and Commitment. Industrial marketing management, 38(7), 732-742.
  • Keller, K. L. (2003). Strategic Brand Management: Building, Measuring, And Managing Brand Equity, 2. Aufl., Upper Saddle River.
  • Kramer, R. M. (1999). Trust and Distrust in Organizations: Emerging Perspectives, Enduring Questions. Annual review of psychology, 50(1), 569-598.
  • Kwon, H. H., Trail, G. T., & Anderson, D. S. (2005). Are Multiple Points of Attachment Necessary to Predict Cognitive, Affective, Conative, or Behavioral Loyalty? Sport Management Review, 8(3), 255-270.
  • Laroche, M., Habibi, M. R., Richard, M. O., & Sankaranarayanan, R. (2012). The Effects of Social Media Based Brand Communities On Brand Community Markers, Value Creation Practices, Brand Trust and Brand Loyalty. Computers in Human Behavior, 28(5), 1755-1767.
  • Lau, G. T., & Lee, S. H. (1999). Consumers' trust in a brand and the link to brand loyalty. Journal of Market-Focused Management, 4(4), 341-370.
  • Lee, S., Heere, B., & Chung, K. S. (2013). Which Senses Matter More? The Impact of Our Senses on Team Identity and Team Loyalty. Sport Marketing Quarterly, 22(4).
  • Lee, J. S. and Kang, J. H. (2015). Effects of Sport Event Satisfaction on Team Identification and Revisit Intent”, Sport Marketing Quarterly, 24 (4), 225-234.
  • Lewicki, R. J., McAllister, D. J., & Bies, R. J. (1998). Trust and Distrust: New Relationships and Realities. Academy of management Review, 23(3), 438-458.
  • Liao, C., Liu, C. C., & Chen, K. (2011). Examining The Impact of Privacy, Trust and Risk Perceptions Beyond Monetary Transactions: An Integrated Model. Electronic Commerce Research and Applications, 10(6), 702-715.
  • Mach, M., Dolan, S., & Tzafrir, S. (2010). The Differential Effect of Team Members' Trust On Team Performance: The Mediation Role of Team Cohesion. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 83(3), 771-794.
  • Madrigal, R. (2000), “The Influence of Social Alliances with Sports Teams on Intentions to Purchase Corporate Sponsors' Products”, Journal of Advertising, Vol.29 No.4, pp.14-24.
  • Mahony, D. F., Madrigal, R., & Howard, D. A. (2000). Using the Psychological Commitment to Team (PCT) Scale to Segment Sport Consumers Based On Loyalty. Sport Marketing Quarterly, 9(1), 15.
  • Malhotra, N. K. (2006), Questionnaire design and scale development, in Grover, R., Vriens, M., The Handbook of Marketing Research: Uses, Misuses and Future Advances. 176-202.
  • Matsuoka, H., Chelladurai, P., & Harada, M. (2003). Direct and Interaction Effects of Team Identification and Satisfaction On Intention to Attend Games. Sport Marketing Quarterly, 12(4), 244-253.
  • Martínez, P., & del Bosque, I. R. (2013). CSR and Customer Loyalty: The Roles of Trust, Customer Identification with The Company and Satisfaction. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 35, 89-99.
  • Mayer, R. C., & Davis, J. H. (1999). The Effect of the Performance Appraisal System On Trust for Management: A Field Quasi-Experiment. Journal of applied psychology, 84(1), 123.
  • McAllister, D. J. (1995). Affect-and Cognition-Based Trust as Foundations for Interpersonal Cooperation in Organizations. Academy of Management Journal, 38(1), 24-59.
  • Morgan, R. M., & Hunt, S. D. (1994). The Commitment-Trust Theory of Relationship Marketing. The Journal of Marketing, 20-38.
  • Mohr, J., & Nevin, J. R. (1990). Communication Strategies in Marketing Channels: A Theoretical Perspective. The Journal of Marketing, 36-51.
  • Moore, W. E., & Stevenson, J. R. (1991). Understanding Trust in The Performance of Complex Automatic Sport Skills. The Sport Psychologist, 5(3), 281-289.
  • Murrell, A. J., & Dietz, B. (1992). Fan support of sport teams: The Effect of a Common Group Identity. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 14(1), 28-39.
  • Park, C. W., MacInnis, D. J. and Priester, J. (2008). Brand Attachment: Constructs, Consequences, and Causes. Foundation and Trends in Marketing, 1 (3),191-230.
  • Parasuraman, A., Zeithaml, V. A., & Berry, L. L. (1985). A Conceptual Model of Service Quality and Its Implications for Future Research. the Journal of Marketing, 41-50.
  • Phua, J. (2012), “Use of Social Networking Sites by Sports Fans”, Journal of Sports Media, 7 (1), 109-132.
  • Reichheld, Frederick F. and Phil Schefter (2000), “E-Loyalty: Your Secret Weapon on the Web,” Harvard Business Review, 78 (July/August), 105–13.
  • Smith, J. B., & Barclay, D. W. (1997). The Effects of Organizational Differences and Trust On the Effectiveness of Selling Partner Relationships. The Journal of Marketing, 3-21.
  • Spekman, R. E. (1988). Strategic supplier selection: Understanding long-term buyer relationships. Business horizons, 31(4), 75-81.
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  • Sung, Y., & Kim, J. (2010). Effects of Brand Personality On Brand Trust and Brand Affect. Psychology & Marketing, 27(7), 639-661.
  • Sutton, W. A., McDonald, M. A., Milne, G. R., & Cimperman, J. (1997). Creating and fostering fan identification in professional sports. Sport Marketing Quarterly, 6, 15-22.
  • Tapp, A. (2004). The Loyalty of Football Fans—We'll Support You Ever More? Journal of Database Marketing & Customer Strategy Management, 11(3), 203-215.
  • Trail, G. T., Anderson, D. F., & Fink, J. S. (2005). Consumer Satisfaction and Identity Theory: A Model of Sport Spectator Conative Loyalty. Sport Marketing Quarterly, 14(2).
  • Underwood, R., Bond, E., & Baer, R. (2001). Building Service Brands Via Social Identity: Lessons from The Sports Marketplace. Journal of Marketing Theory & Practice, 9 (1)1-13.
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Takım Temelli Güven ve Takım Kimliğinin Davranış Sadakati Üzerine Etkisi: Futbol Taraftarları Çalışması

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 24 Sayı: 4, 199 - 214, 01.10.2019

Öz

Takım güveni ve sadakat ilişkin en önemli konulardan biridir ve spor pazarlamacıları için temel bir değişken olmaya da devam etmektedir. Araştırmalar takım kimliğinin tatmin ve sadakat üzerinde kritik bir rolü olduğunu göstermiştir, ancak futbol bağlamında taraftarlar için takım temelli güvenin önemi ile ilgili bulgular sınırlıdır. Bu araştırma takım güveni, takım kimliği ve tatmin arasındaki ilişkileri incelemek için yapılmıştır. Bu nedenle, daha önce değişkenler arası ilişkilerin analiz edilmemiş olması, araştırmanın önemine işaret etmektedir. Veriler, Türkiye Futbol Süper Ligi'ndeki futbol takımı taraftarlarına çevrimiçi olarak uygulanmakta olan anketler kullanılarak toplanmıştır. Veriler kolayda örnekleme yöntemi kullanılarak toplanmıştır (n= 379). Araştırma verileri, üç farklı ölçek ve demografik bilgilerden toplanmıştır. Takım güven ölçeği marka güven ölçeğinden uyarlanmıştır (Laroche ve diğerleri, 2012). Takım kimliği ölçeği Lee, Heere ve Chung (2013)'den alınmıştır. Taraftarların sadakat seviyesini ölçmek için yedi maddelik davranışsal takım sadakat ölçeği kullanılmıştır (Heere ve Dickson, 2008). YEM (Yapısal Eşitlik Modeli) sonucu ekip temelli güven ile takım kimliği arasında anlamlı bir ilişki (β= ,425; p<0,01) olduğu görülmüştür. Elde edilen sonuçlar, taraftarların takım güveni ile davranışsal sadakat arasında direkt bir pozitif bir ilişki olmadığını (β=,086; p>0,05), takım kimliğinin buna aracılık ettiğini göstermektedir. Çalışma sonuçları ayrıca, spor pazarlamasının teorik çerçevesini ampirik sonuçlarla genişleten önemli yönetimsel uygulamalara sahip olup, uygulama alanı için de birkaç sonuç sunmaktadır. Takımın güveni ve takım kimliği arasındaki ilişkiyi bilmek hem akademisyenlere hem de sektördeki uygulamacılara yeni ve farklı bakış açıları geliştirmelerine olanak sağlayacaktır.

Kaynakça

  • Altman, I., & Taylor, D. A. (1973). Social penetration: The development of interpersonal relationships. Holt, Rinehart & Winston.
  • Aggarwal, P. (2004). The effects of brand relationship norms on consumer attitudes and behavior. Journal of consumer research, 31(1), 87-101.
  • Babbie, E. (1998), The Practice of Social Research, Vol. 8, Wadsworth, Belmont, CA.Becerra, E., & Badrinarayanan, V. (2013). The influence of brand trust and brand identification on brand evangelism. Journal of Product & Brand Management, 22(5/6), 371-383.
  • Bhattacharya, C.B., & Sen, S. (2003). Consumer-company identification: A framework for understanding consumers’ relationships with companies. Journal of marketing, 67(2), 76-88.
  • Bloemer, J.M., & Kasper, H.D. (1995). The complex relationship between consumer satisfaction and brand loyalty. Journal of economic psychology, 16(2), 311-329.
  • Bodet, G., & Bernache-Assollant, (2011). Consumer Loyalty in Sport Spectatorship Services: The Relationships with Consumer Satisfaction and Team Identification. Psychology & Marketing, Vol.28 No.8, pp.781-802.
  • Branscombe, N.R., & Wann, D. L. (1991). The Positive Social and Self-Concept Consequences of Sports Team Identification. Journal of Sport & Social Issues, Vol.15 No.2, pp.115-127.
  • Casaló, L., Flavián, C., & Guinalíu, M. (2007). The impact of participation in virtual brand communities on consumer trust and loyalty: The case of free software. Online information review, 31(6), 775-792.
  • Chaudhuri, A., & Holbrook, M.B. (2001). The chain of effects from brand trust and brand affect to brand performance: the role of brand loyalty. Journal of marketing, 65(2), 81-93.
  • Costa, A.C., Roe, R.A., & Taillieu, T. (2001). Trust within teams: The relation with performance effectiveness. European journal of work and organizational psychology, 10(3), 225-244.
  • Coulter, K.S., & Coulter, R.A. (2002). Determinants of Trust in A Service Provider: The Moderating Role of Length of Relationship. Journal of services marketing, 16(1), 35-50.
  • Dalakas, V., & Phillips Melancon, J. (2012). Fan Identification, Schadenfreude Toward Hated Rivals, And The Mediating Effects of Importance of Winning Index (IWIN). Journal of Services Marketing, 26(1), 51-59.
  • Delgado-Ballester, E., & Luis Munuera-Alemán, J. (2001). Brand Trust in The Context of Consumer Loyalty. European Journal of marketing, 35(11/12), 1238-1258.
  • Deutsch, M. (1958). Trust and Suspicion. Journal of conflict resolution, 2(4), 265-279.
  • Dick, A. S., & Basu, K. (1994). Customer Loyalty: Toward an Integrated Conceptual Framework. Journal of the academy of marketing science, 22(2), 99-113.
  • Dirks, K. T., & Skarlicki, D. P. (2009). The Relationship Between Being Perceived as Trustworthy by Coworkers and Individual Performance. Journal of Management, 35(1), 136-157.
  • Dwyer, F. R., Schurr, P. H., & Oh, S. (1987). Developing Buyer-Seller Relationships. The Journal of Marketing, 11-27.
  • Elliott, R., & Yannopoulou, N. (2007). The Nature of Trust in Brands: A Psychosocial Model. European Journal of Marketing, 41(9/10), 988-998.
  • Fiore, S. M., Salas, E., & Cannon-Bowers, J. A. (2001). Group Dynamics and Shared Mental Model Development. How people evaluate others in organizations, 234.
  • Fornell, C. and Larcker, D. F. (1981). Structural Equation Models with Unobservable Variables and Measurement Error: Algebra and Statistics. Journal of marketing research, Vol.18. No.3, pp.382-388.
  • Funk, D. C., & James, J. (2001). The Psychological Continuum Model: A Conceptual Framework for Understanding an Individual's Psychological Connection to Sport. Sport management review, 4(2), 119-150.
  • Gommans, M., Krishman, K. S., & Scheffold, K. B. (2001). From Brand Loyalty to E-Loyalty: A Conceptual Framework. Journal of Economic & Social Research, 3(1).
  • Gwinner, K. and Swanson, S. R. (2003). A Model of Fan Identification: Antecedents and Sponsorship Outcomes. Journal of Services Marketing, 17(3), 275–294.
  • Gwinner, Kevin P., Dwayne D. Gremler, and Mary Jo Bitner (1998), “Relational Benefits in Service Industries: The Customer’s Perspective,” Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 26 (2), 101–14
  • Hair, E., Halle, T., Terry-Humen, E., Lavelle, B., & Calkins, J. (2006). Children's School Readiness in The ECLS-K: Predictions to Academic, Health, And Social Outcomes in First Grade. Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 21(4), 431-454.
  • Halim, R. E. (2006). The Effect of the Relationship of Brand Trust and Brand Effect On Brand Performance: An Analysis from Brand Loyalty Perspective (A Case of Instant Coffee Product in Indonesia).
  • Hambleton, R. K., & Kanjee, A. (1993). Enhancing the Validity of Cross-Cultural Studies: Improvements in Instrument Translation Methods.
  • Heere, B., & Dickson, G. (2008). Measuring Attitudinal Loyalty: Separating The Terms of Affective Commitment and Attitudinal Loyalty. Journal of Sport Management, 22(2), 227-239.
  • Hempel, P. S., Zhang, Z. X., & Tjosvold, D. (2009). Conflict Management Between and Within Teams for Trusting Relationships and Performance in China. Journal of Organizational Behavior: The International Journal of Industrial, Occupational and Organizational Psychology and Behavior, 30(1), 41-65.
  • Heere, B., & James, J. D. (2007). Sports Teams and Their Communities: Examining The Influence of External Group Identities On Team Identity. Journal of Sport Management, 21(3), 319-337.
  • Hill, B. and Green, B. C. (2000). Repeat Attendance as a Function of Involvement, Loyalty, and the Sportscape Across Three Football Contexts. Sport Management Review,3(1), 145-162.
  • Ho, L. A., Kuo, T. H., & Lin, B. (2012). How Social Identification and Trust Influence Organizational Online Knowledge Sharing. Internet Research, 22(1), 4-28.
  • Katz, M., & Heere, B. (2013). Leaders and Followers: An Exploration of the Notion of Scale-Free Networks Within a New Brand Community. Journal of Sport Management, 27(4), 271-287.
  • Keh, H. T., & Xie, Y. (2009). Corporate Reputation and Customer Behavioral Intentions: The Roles of Trust, Identification and Commitment. Industrial marketing management, 38(7), 732-742.
  • Keller, K. L. (2003). Strategic Brand Management: Building, Measuring, And Managing Brand Equity, 2. Aufl., Upper Saddle River.
  • Kramer, R. M. (1999). Trust and Distrust in Organizations: Emerging Perspectives, Enduring Questions. Annual review of psychology, 50(1), 569-598.
  • Kwon, H. H., Trail, G. T., & Anderson, D. S. (2005). Are Multiple Points of Attachment Necessary to Predict Cognitive, Affective, Conative, or Behavioral Loyalty? Sport Management Review, 8(3), 255-270.
  • Laroche, M., Habibi, M. R., Richard, M. O., & Sankaranarayanan, R. (2012). The Effects of Social Media Based Brand Communities On Brand Community Markers, Value Creation Practices, Brand Trust and Brand Loyalty. Computers in Human Behavior, 28(5), 1755-1767.
  • Lau, G. T., & Lee, S. H. (1999). Consumers' trust in a brand and the link to brand loyalty. Journal of Market-Focused Management, 4(4), 341-370.
  • Lee, S., Heere, B., & Chung, K. S. (2013). Which Senses Matter More? The Impact of Our Senses on Team Identity and Team Loyalty. Sport Marketing Quarterly, 22(4).
  • Lee, J. S. and Kang, J. H. (2015). Effects of Sport Event Satisfaction on Team Identification and Revisit Intent”, Sport Marketing Quarterly, 24 (4), 225-234.
  • Lewicki, R. J., McAllister, D. J., & Bies, R. J. (1998). Trust and Distrust: New Relationships and Realities. Academy of management Review, 23(3), 438-458.
  • Liao, C., Liu, C. C., & Chen, K. (2011). Examining The Impact of Privacy, Trust and Risk Perceptions Beyond Monetary Transactions: An Integrated Model. Electronic Commerce Research and Applications, 10(6), 702-715.
  • Mach, M., Dolan, S., & Tzafrir, S. (2010). The Differential Effect of Team Members' Trust On Team Performance: The Mediation Role of Team Cohesion. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 83(3), 771-794.
  • Madrigal, R. (2000), “The Influence of Social Alliances with Sports Teams on Intentions to Purchase Corporate Sponsors' Products”, Journal of Advertising, Vol.29 No.4, pp.14-24.
  • Mahony, D. F., Madrigal, R., & Howard, D. A. (2000). Using the Psychological Commitment to Team (PCT) Scale to Segment Sport Consumers Based On Loyalty. Sport Marketing Quarterly, 9(1), 15.
  • Malhotra, N. K. (2006), Questionnaire design and scale development, in Grover, R., Vriens, M., The Handbook of Marketing Research: Uses, Misuses and Future Advances. 176-202.
  • Matsuoka, H., Chelladurai, P., & Harada, M. (2003). Direct and Interaction Effects of Team Identification and Satisfaction On Intention to Attend Games. Sport Marketing Quarterly, 12(4), 244-253.
  • Martínez, P., & del Bosque, I. R. (2013). CSR and Customer Loyalty: The Roles of Trust, Customer Identification with The Company and Satisfaction. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 35, 89-99.
  • Mayer, R. C., & Davis, J. H. (1999). The Effect of the Performance Appraisal System On Trust for Management: A Field Quasi-Experiment. Journal of applied psychology, 84(1), 123.
  • McAllister, D. J. (1995). Affect-and Cognition-Based Trust as Foundations for Interpersonal Cooperation in Organizations. Academy of Management Journal, 38(1), 24-59.
  • Morgan, R. M., & Hunt, S. D. (1994). The Commitment-Trust Theory of Relationship Marketing. The Journal of Marketing, 20-38.
  • Mohr, J., & Nevin, J. R. (1990). Communication Strategies in Marketing Channels: A Theoretical Perspective. The Journal of Marketing, 36-51.
  • Moore, W. E., & Stevenson, J. R. (1991). Understanding Trust in The Performance of Complex Automatic Sport Skills. The Sport Psychologist, 5(3), 281-289.
  • Murrell, A. J., & Dietz, B. (1992). Fan support of sport teams: The Effect of a Common Group Identity. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 14(1), 28-39.
  • Park, C. W., MacInnis, D. J. and Priester, J. (2008). Brand Attachment: Constructs, Consequences, and Causes. Foundation and Trends in Marketing, 1 (3),191-230.
  • Parasuraman, A., Zeithaml, V. A., & Berry, L. L. (1985). A Conceptual Model of Service Quality and Its Implications for Future Research. the Journal of Marketing, 41-50.
  • Phua, J. (2012), “Use of Social Networking Sites by Sports Fans”, Journal of Sports Media, 7 (1), 109-132.
  • Reichheld, Frederick F. and Phil Schefter (2000), “E-Loyalty: Your Secret Weapon on the Web,” Harvard Business Review, 78 (July/August), 105–13.
  • Smith, J. B., & Barclay, D. W. (1997). The Effects of Organizational Differences and Trust On the Effectiveness of Selling Partner Relationships. The Journal of Marketing, 3-21.
  • Spekman, R. E. (1988). Strategic supplier selection: Understanding long-term buyer relationships. Business horizons, 31(4), 75-81.
  • Stimson, J. A., Carmines, E. G., & Zeller, R. A. (1978). Interpreting Polynomial Regression. Sociological Methods & Research, 6(4), 515-524.
  • Sung, Y., & Kim, J. (2010). Effects of Brand Personality On Brand Trust and Brand Affect. Psychology & Marketing, 27(7), 639-661.
  • Sutton, W. A., McDonald, M. A., Milne, G. R., & Cimperman, J. (1997). Creating and fostering fan identification in professional sports. Sport Marketing Quarterly, 6, 15-22.
  • Tapp, A. (2004). The Loyalty of Football Fans—We'll Support You Ever More? Journal of Database Marketing & Customer Strategy Management, 11(3), 203-215.
  • Trail, G. T., Anderson, D. F., & Fink, J. S. (2005). Consumer Satisfaction and Identity Theory: A Model of Sport Spectator Conative Loyalty. Sport Marketing Quarterly, 14(2).
  • Underwood, R., Bond, E., & Baer, R. (2001). Building Service Brands Via Social Identity: Lessons from The Sports Marketplace. Journal of Marketing Theory & Practice, 9 (1)1-13.
  • Wakefield, K. L., & Sloan, H. J. (1995). The Effects of Team Loyalty and Selected Stadium Factors on Spectator Attendance. Journal of Sport Management, 9 (2),153-172.
  • Wann, D. L., & Pierce, S. (2003). Measuring Sport Team Identification and Commitment: An Empirical Comparison of the Sport Spectator Identification Scale and the Psychological Commitment to Team Scale. North American Journal of Psychology, 5(3).
  • Yoshida, M., Heere, B., & Gordon, B. (2015). Predicting Behavioral Loyalty Through Community: Why Other Fans Are More Important Than Our Own Intentions, Our Satisfaction, And The Team Itself. Journal of Sport Management, 29 (3), 318-333.
Toplam 70 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Metin Argan

Caner Özgen

Sabri Kaya 0000-0002-9418-6920

İslam Tufanov Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Ekim 2019
Gönderilme Tarihi 6 Mayıs 2019
Kabul Tarihi 28 Temmuz 2019
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2019 Cilt: 24 Sayı: 4

Kaynak Göster

APA Argan, M., Özgen, C., Kaya, S., Tufanov, İ. (2019). Influence of Team-Based Trust and Team Identification on Behavioral Loyalty: A Study of Soccer Fans. Gazi Beden Eğitimi Ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 24(4), 199-214.

Gazi Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi yılda dört kez yayımlanan bilimsel ve hakemli bir dergidir.


Gazi Journal of Physical Education and Sports Sciences is a scientific and peer-reviewed journal published quarterly.