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MOLECULAR PREVALANCE AND GENOTYPING OF ACANTAHAMOEBA SPECIES ISOLATED FROM VARIOUS WATER SUPPLIES

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 31 Sayı: 3, 336 - 342, 26.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.34108/eujhs.1099002

Öz

This study was conducted to determine the molecular prevalence of Acanthamoeba species isolated from various water sources and to determine their molecular characteristics for the 18S rRNA gene region. In this study, a total of 80 samples were collected from fountain water, pool water, hot springs and lakes in Sinop and Ordu provinces. Following the production of water samples in the culture medium, DNA isolation and PCR analyzes were performed. Amplicons determined positive for the 18S rRNA gene region were cloned and plasmid purification was performed. Target sequences were obtained by sequencing the plasmids with vector-specific primers. A total of 31 sequence data sets were created, containing similar isolates registered in the Gen Bank database, together with the relevant sequences. In the study, 17.1% Acanthamoeba positivity was found in the Sinop region and 20% in the Ordu region. In phylogenetic analyses, it has been shown that the obtained Acanthamoeba isolates clustered in the same cluster with the T4 genotype isolates from Turkey and the world. Two haplotypes were detected among the positive isolates and the mean haplotype diversity was 0.682±0.084. In the 18S rRNA dataset, all isolates in the T4 genotype, including the TRERUAcantha1 and TRERUAcantha2 haplotypes, were 100% identical. In phylogenetic analyzes, isolates in the T4 genotype showed a monophyletic structure. It was observed that our isolates found to be T4 genotype showed 99.9% identity with KaBo (KJ476522) isolate identity, which was isolated from contact lenses in Germany and included in the T13 genotype.

Kaynakça

  • Awwad ST, Petroll WM, McCulley JP, Cavanagh HD. Updates in Acanthamoeba keratitis. Eye Contact Lens 2007; 33: 1-8.
  • Patel DV, McGhee CN. Acanthamoeba keratitis: A comprehensive photographic reference of common and uncommon signs. Clin Experiment Ophthalmol 2009; 37: 232-238.
  • Pussard M, Pons R. Morphologie de la paroi kystiqueet taxonomiedu genre Acanthamoeba (Protozoa, Amoebida). Protistologica 1977; 8: 557-598.
  • Sawyer T. Acanthamoeba griffini a new species of marine amoeba. J Protozool 1971;18: 650-654.
  • Visvesvara GS. Classification of Acanthamoeba. Rev Infect Dis 1991;13: 369-372.
  • Khan NA. Acanthamoeba: Biology and increasing importance in human health. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2006; 30: 564-595.
  • Schroeder JM, Booton GC, Hay J, et al. Use of subgenic 18S ribosomal DNA PCR andsequencing for genus and genotype identification of Acanthamoebae from humans with keratitis and from sewage sludge. J Clin Microbiol 2001; 39: 1903-1911.
  • Kearse M, Moir R, Wilson A, et al. Geneious Basic: An integrated and extendable desktop software platform for the organization and analysis of sequence data. Bioinformatics 2012; 28: 1647-1649.
  • Librado P, Rozas J. DnaSP v5: A software for comprehensive analysis of DNA polymorphism data. Bioinformatics 2009; 25: 1451-1452.
  • Kimura M. A simple method for estimating evolutionary rates of base substitutions through comparative studies of nucleotide sequences. J Mol Evol 1980; 16: 111-120.
  • Nei M, Kumar S. Molecular evolution and phylogenetics. Oxford: Oxford University; 2005.
  • Kumar S, Stecher G, Tamura K. MEGA7: Molecular evolutionary genetics analysis version 7.0 for bigger datasets. Mol Biol Evol 2016; 33: 1870-1874.
  • Posada D. jModelTest: Phylogenetic model averaging. Mol Biol Evol 2008; 25: 1253-1256.
  • Schuster FL, Visvesvara GS. Free-living amoebae as opportunistic and nonopportunistic pathogens of human sand animals. Int J Parasitol 2004; 34: 1-27.
  • Corsaro D, Walochnik J, Venditti D, et al. Rediscovery of Nucleophaga amoebae, a novel member of the Rozellomycota. Parasitol Res 2014; 113: 4491-4498.
  • Dodangeh S, Kialashaki E, Daryani A, et al. Isolation and molecular identification of Acanthamoeba spp. from hot springs in Mazandaran province, northern Iran. J Water Health 2018; 16: 807-813.
  • Kilic A, Tanyuksel M, Sissons J. Isolation of Acanthamoeba isolates belonging to T2, T3, T4, and T7 genotypes from environmental samples in Ankara, Turkey. Acta Parasitol 2004; 49: 246-252.
  • Ertabaklar H, Türk M, Dayanır V, Ertug S, Walochnik J. Acanthamoeba keratitis due to Acanthamoeba genotype T4 in a non-contact-lens wearer in Turkey. Parasitol Res 2007; 100: 241-246.
  • Özkoç S, Tuncay S, Delibaş SB, et al. Identification of Acanthamoeba genotype T4 and Paravahlkampfia spp. from two clinical samples. J Med Microbiol 2008;57, 392-396.
  • Ertabaklar H, Dayanır V, Apaydın P, Ertuğ S, Walochnik J. Acanthamoeba keratiti. Türkiye Parazitol Derg 2009; 33: 283-285.
  • Doğan S, Yazar S, Kuk S. Toprakta serbest yaşayan ve insanda parazitlenebilen bazı amiplerin izolasyonu ve moleküler karakterizasyonu. Sağlık Bil Derg 2013; 23: 187-191.
  • Kuk S, Yazar S, Doğan S, Çetinkaya Ü, Şakalar Ç. Molecular characterization of Acanthamoeba isolated from Kayseri well water. Turk J Med Sci 2013; 43: 12-17.
  • Yünlü Ö, Özçelik S, Arıcı, MK. Göz kapaklarından ve konjunktivadan alınan sürüntü örneklerinde Acanthamoeba ve diğer serbest yaşayan amiplerin araştırılması. Türkiye Parazitol Derg 2015; 39: 194-199.
  • Özçelik S, Coşkun KA, Yünlü Ö, Alim A, Malatyalı E. The prevalence, isolation and morfotyping of potentially pathogenic free-living amoebae from tap water and environmental water sources in Sivas. Türkiye Parazitol Derg 2017; 36: 198-203.
  • Karakavuk M, Akyurt M, Sahar EA, et al. First time identification of Acanthamoeba genotypes in the cornea samples of wild birds; Is Acanthamoeba keratitis making the predatory birds a target. Exp Parasitol 2017; 183, 137-142.
  • Yazar S, Gürbüz E, Sönmez FM, Çetinkaya Ü, Kuk S. Türkiye’deki sularda serbest yaşayan potansiyel patojen amipler ve patojenitelerinin in vivo olarak araştırılması. Mikrobiyol Bul 2019; 50: 449-459.
  • Kao PM, Hsu BM, Chen NH, et al. Molecular detection and comparison of Acanthamoeba genotypes in different functions of watersheds in Taiwan. Environ Monit Assess 2012; 184, 4335-4344.
  • Mahmoudi MR, Taghipour N, Eftekhar M, Haghighi A, Karanis P. Isolation of Acanthamoeba species in surface waters of Gilan province-north of Iran. Parasitol Res 2012; 110: 473-477.
  • Reyes-Batlle M, Cheridah D, Carmen M, et al. Isolation and characterization of Acanthamoeba strains from soil samples in Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, Spain. Parasitol Res 2014;113: 1383-1388.
  • Sente C, Erume J, Naigaga I, et al. Occurrence and genetic characterization of Acanthamoeba spp. from environmental and domestic water sources in Queen Elizabeth Protected Area, Uganda. Parasites&Vectors 2016; 9, 127.
  • Fallah E, Jafarpour Z, Mahami-Oskouei M, et al. Molecular characterization of Acanthamoeba isolates from surface resting waters in Northwest Iran. Iran J Parasitol 2017; 12: 355-363.
  • Lorenzo-Morales J, Lindo JF, Martinez E, et al. Pathogenic Acanthamoeba strains from water sources in Jamaica, West Indies. Ann Trop Med Parasit 2005; 99: 751-758.
  • Leiva B, Clasdotter E, Linder E, Winiecka-Krusnell J. Free-living Acanthamoeba and Naegleria spp. amebae in water sources of León, Nicaragua. Rev Biol Trop 2008; 56: 439-446.
  • Edagawa A, Kimura A, Kawabuchi-Kurata T, Kusuhara Y, Karanis P. Isolation and genotyping of potentially pathogenic Acanthamoeba and Naegleria species from tap-water sources in Osaka, Japan. Parasitol Res 2009; 105: 1109-1117.
  • Magliano AC, da Silva FM, Teixeira MM, Alfieri SC. Genotyping, physiological features and proteolytic activities of a potentially pathogenic Acanthamoeba sp. isolated from tap water in Brazil. Exp Parasitol 2009; 123: 231-235.
  • Bonilla-Lemus P, Ramírez-Bautista GA, Zamora-Munoz C, et al. Acanthamoeba spp. in domestic tap water in houses of contact lens wearers in the metropolitan area of Mexico City. Exp Parasitol 2010;126: 54-58.
  • Kao PM, Hsu BM, Chen CT, et al. Identification and quantification of the Acanthamoeba species and genotypes from reservoirs in Taiwan by molecular techniques. Acta Tropica 2014; 132: 45-50.
  • Aghajani A, Dabirzadeh M, Maroufi Y, Hooshyar H. Identification of Acanthamoeba genotypes in pools and stagnant water in ponds in sistan region in Southeast Iran. Türkiye Parazitol Derg 2016; 40: 132-136.
  • Geisen S, Fiore-Donno AM, Walochnik J, Bonkowski M. Acanthamoeba everywhere: High diversity of Acanthamoeba in soils. Parasitol Res 2014; 113: 3151-3158.
  • Valladares M, Batlle MR, Carmen M, et al. Molecular characterization of Acanthamoeba strains isolated from domestic dogs in Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain. Archive Microbiol 2015;197: 639-643.
  • Mahmoudi MR, Rahmati B, Seyedpour SH, Karanis P. Occurrence and molecular characterization of free-living amoeba species (Acanthamoeba, Hartmannella, and Saccamoeba limax) in various surface water resources of Iran. Parasitol Research 2015;114: 4669-4674.
  • Al-Herrawy AZ, Heshmat M, Abu Kabsha SH, Gad MA, Lotfy WN. Occurrence of Acanthamoeba species in the damanhour drinking water treatment plant, Behera Governorate (Egypt). Reports in Parasitology 2017; 4:15-21.

FARKLI SU KAYNAKLARINDAN İZOLE EDİLEN ACANTHAMOEBA TÜRLERİNİN MOLEKÜLER PREVALANSI VE GENOTİPLERİNİN BELİRLENMESİ

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 31 Sayı: 3, 336 - 342, 26.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.34108/eujhs.1099002

Öz

Bu çalışma, farklı su kaynaklarından elde edilmiş Acanthamoeba türlerinin moleküler prevalanslarının saptanması ve 18S rRNA gen bölgesine göre filogenetik karakterlerinin belirlenmesi amacıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışmada, Sinop ve Ordu yörelerindeki çeşme suyu, havuz suları, kaplıca ve göllerden 80 örnek toplanmıştır. Su örneklerinin kültür ortamında üretilmesini takiben, DNA izolasyonu ve PCR analizleri gerçekleştirilmiştir. 18S rRNA gen bölgesi yönünden pozitif belirlenen amplikonlar klonlanmış ve plazmid pürifikasyonu yapılmıştır. Plazmidler vektör spesifik primerlerle sekanslanarak hedef dizilimler elde edilmiştir. İlgili sekanslarla birlikte GenBank veri tabanında kayıtlı benzer izolatları içeren toplam 31 sekanslık veri seti oluşturulmuştur. Çalışmada, Sinop yöresinde %17,1, Ordu yöresinden %20 Acanthamoeba pozitifliği tespit edilmiştir. Filogenetik incelemelerde, elde edilen Acanthamoeba izolatlarının Türkiye’den ve dünyadan rapor edilen T4 genotipine ait izolatlarla aynı kümede kümelendikleri görülmüştür. İzolatlar arasında iki haplotip saptanmış ve ortalama haplotip diversitesi 0.682±0.084 olarak belirlenmiştir. 18S rRNA veri setinde, TRERUAcantha1 ve TRERUAcantha2 haplotiplerinin de bulunduğu T4 genotipindeki tüm izolatların %100 identik oldukları belirlenmiştir. Filogenetik analizlerde T4 genotipindeki izolatların monofiletik yapılanma gösterdiği saptanmıştır. T4 genotipinde oldukları saptanan izolatlarımızın %99.9 ile Almanya’da kontakt lensten izole edilen ve T13 genotipinde yer alan KaBo (KJ476522) izolatıyla en yakın benzerliği gösterdiği görülmüştür.

Kaynakça

  • Awwad ST, Petroll WM, McCulley JP, Cavanagh HD. Updates in Acanthamoeba keratitis. Eye Contact Lens 2007; 33: 1-8.
  • Patel DV, McGhee CN. Acanthamoeba keratitis: A comprehensive photographic reference of common and uncommon signs. Clin Experiment Ophthalmol 2009; 37: 232-238.
  • Pussard M, Pons R. Morphologie de la paroi kystiqueet taxonomiedu genre Acanthamoeba (Protozoa, Amoebida). Protistologica 1977; 8: 557-598.
  • Sawyer T. Acanthamoeba griffini a new species of marine amoeba. J Protozool 1971;18: 650-654.
  • Visvesvara GS. Classification of Acanthamoeba. Rev Infect Dis 1991;13: 369-372.
  • Khan NA. Acanthamoeba: Biology and increasing importance in human health. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2006; 30: 564-595.
  • Schroeder JM, Booton GC, Hay J, et al. Use of subgenic 18S ribosomal DNA PCR andsequencing for genus and genotype identification of Acanthamoebae from humans with keratitis and from sewage sludge. J Clin Microbiol 2001; 39: 1903-1911.
  • Kearse M, Moir R, Wilson A, et al. Geneious Basic: An integrated and extendable desktop software platform for the organization and analysis of sequence data. Bioinformatics 2012; 28: 1647-1649.
  • Librado P, Rozas J. DnaSP v5: A software for comprehensive analysis of DNA polymorphism data. Bioinformatics 2009; 25: 1451-1452.
  • Kimura M. A simple method for estimating evolutionary rates of base substitutions through comparative studies of nucleotide sequences. J Mol Evol 1980; 16: 111-120.
  • Nei M, Kumar S. Molecular evolution and phylogenetics. Oxford: Oxford University; 2005.
  • Kumar S, Stecher G, Tamura K. MEGA7: Molecular evolutionary genetics analysis version 7.0 for bigger datasets. Mol Biol Evol 2016; 33: 1870-1874.
  • Posada D. jModelTest: Phylogenetic model averaging. Mol Biol Evol 2008; 25: 1253-1256.
  • Schuster FL, Visvesvara GS. Free-living amoebae as opportunistic and nonopportunistic pathogens of human sand animals. Int J Parasitol 2004; 34: 1-27.
  • Corsaro D, Walochnik J, Venditti D, et al. Rediscovery of Nucleophaga amoebae, a novel member of the Rozellomycota. Parasitol Res 2014; 113: 4491-4498.
  • Dodangeh S, Kialashaki E, Daryani A, et al. Isolation and molecular identification of Acanthamoeba spp. from hot springs in Mazandaran province, northern Iran. J Water Health 2018; 16: 807-813.
  • Kilic A, Tanyuksel M, Sissons J. Isolation of Acanthamoeba isolates belonging to T2, T3, T4, and T7 genotypes from environmental samples in Ankara, Turkey. Acta Parasitol 2004; 49: 246-252.
  • Ertabaklar H, Türk M, Dayanır V, Ertug S, Walochnik J. Acanthamoeba keratitis due to Acanthamoeba genotype T4 in a non-contact-lens wearer in Turkey. Parasitol Res 2007; 100: 241-246.
  • Özkoç S, Tuncay S, Delibaş SB, et al. Identification of Acanthamoeba genotype T4 and Paravahlkampfia spp. from two clinical samples. J Med Microbiol 2008;57, 392-396.
  • Ertabaklar H, Dayanır V, Apaydın P, Ertuğ S, Walochnik J. Acanthamoeba keratiti. Türkiye Parazitol Derg 2009; 33: 283-285.
  • Doğan S, Yazar S, Kuk S. Toprakta serbest yaşayan ve insanda parazitlenebilen bazı amiplerin izolasyonu ve moleküler karakterizasyonu. Sağlık Bil Derg 2013; 23: 187-191.
  • Kuk S, Yazar S, Doğan S, Çetinkaya Ü, Şakalar Ç. Molecular characterization of Acanthamoeba isolated from Kayseri well water. Turk J Med Sci 2013; 43: 12-17.
  • Yünlü Ö, Özçelik S, Arıcı, MK. Göz kapaklarından ve konjunktivadan alınan sürüntü örneklerinde Acanthamoeba ve diğer serbest yaşayan amiplerin araştırılması. Türkiye Parazitol Derg 2015; 39: 194-199.
  • Özçelik S, Coşkun KA, Yünlü Ö, Alim A, Malatyalı E. The prevalence, isolation and morfotyping of potentially pathogenic free-living amoebae from tap water and environmental water sources in Sivas. Türkiye Parazitol Derg 2017; 36: 198-203.
  • Karakavuk M, Akyurt M, Sahar EA, et al. First time identification of Acanthamoeba genotypes in the cornea samples of wild birds; Is Acanthamoeba keratitis making the predatory birds a target. Exp Parasitol 2017; 183, 137-142.
  • Yazar S, Gürbüz E, Sönmez FM, Çetinkaya Ü, Kuk S. Türkiye’deki sularda serbest yaşayan potansiyel patojen amipler ve patojenitelerinin in vivo olarak araştırılması. Mikrobiyol Bul 2019; 50: 449-459.
  • Kao PM, Hsu BM, Chen NH, et al. Molecular detection and comparison of Acanthamoeba genotypes in different functions of watersheds in Taiwan. Environ Monit Assess 2012; 184, 4335-4344.
  • Mahmoudi MR, Taghipour N, Eftekhar M, Haghighi A, Karanis P. Isolation of Acanthamoeba species in surface waters of Gilan province-north of Iran. Parasitol Res 2012; 110: 473-477.
  • Reyes-Batlle M, Cheridah D, Carmen M, et al. Isolation and characterization of Acanthamoeba strains from soil samples in Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, Spain. Parasitol Res 2014;113: 1383-1388.
  • Sente C, Erume J, Naigaga I, et al. Occurrence and genetic characterization of Acanthamoeba spp. from environmental and domestic water sources in Queen Elizabeth Protected Area, Uganda. Parasites&Vectors 2016; 9, 127.
  • Fallah E, Jafarpour Z, Mahami-Oskouei M, et al. Molecular characterization of Acanthamoeba isolates from surface resting waters in Northwest Iran. Iran J Parasitol 2017; 12: 355-363.
  • Lorenzo-Morales J, Lindo JF, Martinez E, et al. Pathogenic Acanthamoeba strains from water sources in Jamaica, West Indies. Ann Trop Med Parasit 2005; 99: 751-758.
  • Leiva B, Clasdotter E, Linder E, Winiecka-Krusnell J. Free-living Acanthamoeba and Naegleria spp. amebae in water sources of León, Nicaragua. Rev Biol Trop 2008; 56: 439-446.
  • Edagawa A, Kimura A, Kawabuchi-Kurata T, Kusuhara Y, Karanis P. Isolation and genotyping of potentially pathogenic Acanthamoeba and Naegleria species from tap-water sources in Osaka, Japan. Parasitol Res 2009; 105: 1109-1117.
  • Magliano AC, da Silva FM, Teixeira MM, Alfieri SC. Genotyping, physiological features and proteolytic activities of a potentially pathogenic Acanthamoeba sp. isolated from tap water in Brazil. Exp Parasitol 2009; 123: 231-235.
  • Bonilla-Lemus P, Ramírez-Bautista GA, Zamora-Munoz C, et al. Acanthamoeba spp. in domestic tap water in houses of contact lens wearers in the metropolitan area of Mexico City. Exp Parasitol 2010;126: 54-58.
  • Kao PM, Hsu BM, Chen CT, et al. Identification and quantification of the Acanthamoeba species and genotypes from reservoirs in Taiwan by molecular techniques. Acta Tropica 2014; 132: 45-50.
  • Aghajani A, Dabirzadeh M, Maroufi Y, Hooshyar H. Identification of Acanthamoeba genotypes in pools and stagnant water in ponds in sistan region in Southeast Iran. Türkiye Parazitol Derg 2016; 40: 132-136.
  • Geisen S, Fiore-Donno AM, Walochnik J, Bonkowski M. Acanthamoeba everywhere: High diversity of Acanthamoeba in soils. Parasitol Res 2014; 113: 3151-3158.
  • Valladares M, Batlle MR, Carmen M, et al. Molecular characterization of Acanthamoeba strains isolated from domestic dogs in Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain. Archive Microbiol 2015;197: 639-643.
  • Mahmoudi MR, Rahmati B, Seyedpour SH, Karanis P. Occurrence and molecular characterization of free-living amoeba species (Acanthamoeba, Hartmannella, and Saccamoeba limax) in various surface water resources of Iran. Parasitol Research 2015;114: 4669-4674.
  • Al-Herrawy AZ, Heshmat M, Abu Kabsha SH, Gad MA, Lotfy WN. Occurrence of Acanthamoeba species in the damanhour drinking water treatment plant, Behera Governorate (Egypt). Reports in Parasitology 2017; 4:15-21.
Toplam 42 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Veteriner Cerrahi
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Burcu Ceniklioğlu 0000-0002-8676-3599

Önder Düzlü 0000-0002-6951-0901

Yayımlanma Tarihi 26 Aralık 2022
Gönderilme Tarihi 5 Nisan 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022 Cilt: 31 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA Ceniklioğlu, B., & Düzlü, Ö. (2022). FARKLI SU KAYNAKLARINDAN İZOLE EDİLEN ACANTHAMOEBA TÜRLERİNİN MOLEKÜLER PREVALANSI VE GENOTİPLERİNİN BELİRLENMESİ. Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 31(3), 336-342. https://doi.org/10.34108/eujhs.1099002
AMA Ceniklioğlu B, Düzlü Ö. FARKLI SU KAYNAKLARINDAN İZOLE EDİLEN ACANTHAMOEBA TÜRLERİNİN MOLEKÜLER PREVALANSI VE GENOTİPLERİNİN BELİRLENMESİ. JHS. Aralık 2022;31(3):336-342. doi:10.34108/eujhs.1099002
Chicago Ceniklioğlu, Burcu, ve Önder Düzlü. “FARKLI SU KAYNAKLARINDAN İZOLE EDİLEN ACANTHAMOEBA TÜRLERİNİN MOLEKÜLER PREVALANSI VE GENOTİPLERİNİN BELİRLENMESİ”. Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 31, sy. 3 (Aralık 2022): 336-42. https://doi.org/10.34108/eujhs.1099002.
EndNote Ceniklioğlu B, Düzlü Ö (01 Aralık 2022) FARKLI SU KAYNAKLARINDAN İZOLE EDİLEN ACANTHAMOEBA TÜRLERİNİN MOLEKÜLER PREVALANSI VE GENOTİPLERİNİN BELİRLENMESİ. Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 31 3 336–342.
IEEE B. Ceniklioğlu ve Ö. Düzlü, “FARKLI SU KAYNAKLARINDAN İZOLE EDİLEN ACANTHAMOEBA TÜRLERİNİN MOLEKÜLER PREVALANSI VE GENOTİPLERİNİN BELİRLENMESİ”, JHS, c. 31, sy. 3, ss. 336–342, 2022, doi: 10.34108/eujhs.1099002.
ISNAD Ceniklioğlu, Burcu - Düzlü, Önder. “FARKLI SU KAYNAKLARINDAN İZOLE EDİLEN ACANTHAMOEBA TÜRLERİNİN MOLEKÜLER PREVALANSI VE GENOTİPLERİNİN BELİRLENMESİ”. Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 31/3 (Aralık 2022), 336-342. https://doi.org/10.34108/eujhs.1099002.
JAMA Ceniklioğlu B, Düzlü Ö. FARKLI SU KAYNAKLARINDAN İZOLE EDİLEN ACANTHAMOEBA TÜRLERİNİN MOLEKÜLER PREVALANSI VE GENOTİPLERİNİN BELİRLENMESİ. JHS. 2022;31:336–342.
MLA Ceniklioğlu, Burcu ve Önder Düzlü. “FARKLI SU KAYNAKLARINDAN İZOLE EDİLEN ACANTHAMOEBA TÜRLERİNİN MOLEKÜLER PREVALANSI VE GENOTİPLERİNİN BELİRLENMESİ”. Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, c. 31, sy. 3, 2022, ss. 336-42, doi:10.34108/eujhs.1099002.
Vancouver Ceniklioğlu B, Düzlü Ö. FARKLI SU KAYNAKLARINDAN İZOLE EDİLEN ACANTHAMOEBA TÜRLERİNİN MOLEKÜLER PREVALANSI VE GENOTİPLERİNİN BELİRLENMESİ. JHS. 2022;31(3):336-42.