Araştırma Makalesi
BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

General Risk Perception and Financial Risk Tolerance of Participation and Conventional Bank Customers

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 18 Sayı: 2, 82 - 95, 30.12.2022

Öz

This study examines the nature of conventional and participation bank customers’ financial risk tolerances and risk perceptions in Turkey. For this purpose, the effect of demographic variables on general risk perception and financial risk tolerance were analyzed by using gender, age, education level, and marital status for both types of bank customers. Microdata of the study was obtained from 1718 participants of Turkey Household Financial Perception and Attitude Survey conducted in 2019. It was determined that general risk perception and financial risk tolerance of customers who have term deposit accounts at conventional banks or participation accounts at participation banks differs according to all demographic variables except gender. In addition, it was seen that the effect of demographic variables on risk is similar for both kinds of bank customers.

Kaynakça

  • Akgüneş, A. O. (2021). Finansal Risk Toleransı ve Demografik Değişkenler Arasındaki İlişki: Finansal Okuryazarlığın Moderatör Etkisi. Maliye Finans Yazıları, (115), 9–26. doi:10.33203/mfy.840442
  • Al-Ajmi, J. (2008). Risk tolerance of individual investors in an emerging market. International Research Journal of Finance and Economics, 17(1).
  • Aysan, A. F., Disli, M., Duygun, M. ve Ozturk, H. (2018). Religiosity versus rationality: Depositor behavior in Islamic and conventional banks. Journal of Comparative Economics, 46(1), 1–19. doi:10.1016/j.jce.2017.03.001
  • Bajtelsmit, V. L. ve Bernasek, A. (1997). Why Do Women Invest Differently than Men? SSRN Electronic Journal. doi:10.2139/ssrn.2238
  • Baker, H. K. ve Haslem, J. A. (1974). The impact of investor socioeconomic characteristics on risk and return preferences. Journal of Business Research, 2(4), 469–476. doi:10.1016/0148-2963(74)90032-0
  • Barber, B. M. ve Odean, T. (2001). Boys will be Boys: Gender, Overconfidence, and Common Stock Investment. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 116(1). doi:10.2139/ssrn.139415
  • Bellante, D. ve Green, C. A. (2004). Relative risk aversion among the elderly. Review of Financial Economics, 13(3), 269–281. doi:10.1016/j.rfe.2003.09.010
  • Bernasek, A. ve Shwiff, S. (2001). Gender, Risk, and Retirement. Journal of Economic Issues, 35(2), 345–356. doi:10.1080/00213624.2001.11506368
  • Brooks, C., Sangiorgi, I., Hillenbrand, C. ve Money, K. (2018). Why are older investors less willing to take financial risks? International Review of Financial Analysis, 56, 52–72. doi:10.1016/j.irfa.2017.12.008
  • Brooks, C., Sangiorgi, I., Hillenbrand, C. ve Money, K. (2019). Experience wears the trousers: Exploring gender and attitude to financial risk. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 163, 483–515. doi:10.1016/j.jebo.2019.04.026
  • Byrnes, J. P., Miller, D. C. ve Schafer, W. D. (1999). Gender differences in risk taking: A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 125(3), 367–383. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.125.3.367
  • Cardak, B. A. ve Martin, V. L. (2019). Once in a Lifetime? The Effects of the Global Financial Crisis on Household Willingness to Take Financial Risk. Economic Record, 95(311), 442–461. doi:10.1111/1475-4932.12506
  • Charness, G. ve Gneezy, U. (2012). Strong Evidence for Gender Differences in Risk Taking. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 83(1), 50–58. doi:10.1016/j.jebo.2011.06.007
  • Cheung, Y.-B. (1998). Accidents, assaults, and marital status. Social Science & Medicine, 47(9), 1325–1329. doi:10.1016/S0277-9536(98)00210-X
  • Deakin, J., Aitken, M., Robbins, T. ve Sahakian, B. J. (2004). Risk taking during decision-making in normal volunteers changes with age. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 10(4), 590–598. doi:10.1017/S1355617704104104
  • Duasa, J. ve Yusof, S. A. (2013). Determinants of Risk Tolerance on Financial Asset Ownership: A Case Of Malaysia. International Journal of Business and Society, 14(1).
  • Faff, R., Hallahan, T. ve McKenzie, M. (2009). Nonlinear linkages between financial risk tolerance and demographic characteristics. Applied Economics Letters, 16(13), 1329–1332. doi:10.1080/13504850701381123
  • Fan, J. X. ve Xiao, J. J. (2005). A Cross-Cultural Study in Risk Tolerance: Comparing Chinese and Americans. SSRN Electronic Journal. doi:10.2139/ssrn.939438
  • Fisher, P. J. ve Yao, R. (2017). Gender differences in financial risk tolerance. Journal of Economic Psychology, 61, 191–202. doi:10.1016/j.joep.2017.03.006
  • Grable, J. E. (2000). Financial Risk Tolerance and Additional Factors That Affect Risk Taking in Everyday Money. Journal of Business and Psychology, 14, 625–630. doi:doi.org/10.1023/A:1022994314982
  • Grable, J. E., Lyons, A. C. ve Heo, W. (2019). A test of traditional and psychometric relative risk tolerance measures on household financial risk taking. Finance Research Letters, 30, 8–13. doi:10.1016/j.frl.2019.03.012
  • Hacıhasanoğlu, P. ve Kara, M. (2021). Tüketicilerin Yatırım Aracı Seçimini Etkileyen Demografik Faktörler Üzerine Bir Araştırma. Hitit Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 14(1). doi:10.17218/hititsbd.900210
  • Haliassos, M. ve Bertaut, C. C. (1995). Why do so Few Hold Stocks? The Economic Journal, 105(432), 1110. doi:10.2307/2235407
  • Hallahan, T. A., Faff, R. W. ve McKenzie, M. D. (2004). An empirical investigation of personal financial risk tolerance. Financial Services Review, 13, 57–78.
  • Hambrick, D. C. (2007). Upper Echelons Theory: An Update. Academy of Management Review, 32(2), 334–343. doi:10.5465/amr.2007.24345254
  • Hartog, J., Ferrer-i-Carbonell, A. ve Jonker, N. (2000). On a Simple Survey Measure of Individual Risk Aversion. SSRN Electronic Journal (C. 363). doi:10.1080/01603477.1993.11489978
  • Heo, W., Rabbani, A. ve Grable, J. E. (2021). An Evaluation of the Effect of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Risk Tolerance of Financial Decision Makers. Finance Research Letters, 41, 101842. doi:10.1016/j.frl.2020.101842
  • Hibbert, A. M., Lawrence, E. R. ve Prakash, A. J. (2013). Does knowledge of finance mitigate the gender difference in financial risk-aversion? Global Finance Journal, 24(2), 140–152. doi:10.1016/j.gfj.2013.07.002
  • Hitay, K. ve Anbar, A. (2020). Kişilik Özelliklerinin Finansal Risk Toleransı Üzerindeki Etkisi: Üniversite Öğrencileri Üzerine Bir Araştırma. Muhasebe ve Finansman Dergisi, (87), 197–218. doi:10.25095/mufad.756296
  • Kacır, T. (2020). İslam Hukukunda Kazancın Meşruiyetine Etki Eden Risk Faktörü (Katılım Bankacılığı Uygulamaları Örnekliğinde). Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, (44), 139–152.
  • Lawrenson, J. ve Dickason-Koekemoer, Z. (2020). A model for female South African investors’ financial risk tolerance. Cogent Economics & Finance, 8(1), 1794493. doi:10.1080/23322039.2020.1794493
  • Lee, W. S. ve Moon, J. (2016). Determinants of CEO strategic risk-taking in the airline industry. Tourism Management Perspectives, 18, 111–117. doi:10.1016/j.tmp.2016.01.009
  • Lemaster, P. ve Strough, J. (2014). Beyond Mars and Venus: Understanding gender differences in financial risk tolerance. Journal of Economic Psychology, 42, 148–160. doi:10.1016/j.joep.2013.11.001
  • Mishra, S. ve Mishra, M. (2014). Financial Risk Tolerance: A Literature Review. Siddhant- A Journal of Decision Making, 14(1), 10. doi:10.5958/j.2231-0657.14.1.002
  • Nguyen, L. T. M., Gallery, G. ve Newton, C. (2016). The Influence of Financial Risk Tolerance on Investment Decision-Making in a Financial Advice Context. Australasian Accounting, Business and Finance Journal, 10(3). doi:10.14453/aabfj.v10i3.2
  • Niederle, M. ve Vesterlund, L. (2007). Do Women Shy Away From Competition? Do Men Compete Too Much? The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 122(3), 1067–1101. doi:10.1162/qjec.122.3.1067
  • Özsoy, İ., Görmez, B. ve Mekik, S. (2013). Türkiye’de Katılım Bankalarının Tercih Edilme Sebepleri: Ampirik Bir Tetkik. Yönetim ve Ekonomi, 20(1), 187–206.
  • Pålsson, A.-M. (1996). Does the degree of relative risk aversion vary with household characteristics? Journal of Economic Psychology, 17(6), 771–787. doi:10.1016/S0167-4870(96)00039-6
  • Powell, M. ve Ansic, D. (1997). Gender differences in risk behaviour in financial decision-making: An experimental analysis. Journal of Economic Psychology, 18(6), 605–628. doi:10.1016/S0167-4870(97)00026-3
  • Refiniviv. (2021). Islamic Finance Development Report 2021.
  • Riley, W. B. ve Chow, K. V. (1992). Asset Allocation and Individual Risk Aversion. Financial Analysts Journal, 48(6), 32–37. doi:10.2469/faj.v48.n6.32
  • Rolison, J. J., Hanoch, Y., Wood, S. ve Liu, P.-J. (2014). Risk-Taking Differences Across the Adult Life Span: A Question of Age and Domain. The Journals of Gerontology: Series B, 69(6), 870–880. doi:10.1093/geronb/gbt081
  • Saraç, M. ve Kahyaoğlu, M. B. (2011). Bireysel Yatırımcıların Risk Alma Eğilimine Etki Eden Sosyo-Ekonomik ve Demografik Faktörlerin Analizi. BDDK Bankacılık ve Finansal Piyasalar Dergisi, 5(2).
  • Shaw, K. L. (1996). An Empirical Analysis of Risk Aversion and Income Growth. Journal of Labor Economics, 14(4), 626–653. doi:10.1086/209825
  • Sultana, S. T. ve Saradhi, P. (2011). An Empirical Investigation of the Relation between Risk Tolerance and Socioeconomic Characteristics of Individual Investors. Advances in Management, 4(10).
  • Sung, J. ve Hanna, S. D. (1996). Factors Related to Risk Tolerance. Financial Counseling and Planning, 7.
  • TKBB. (2021). Türk Finans Sistemi ve Katılım Bankacılığı. https://tkbb.org.tr/uploads/presentations/Turk_Finans_Sistemi_ve_Katilim_Bankaciligi-Haziran-Turkce-V2.pdf adresinden erişildi.
  • Uçkun, N. ve Dal, L. (2021). Kripto Para Yatırımcılarında Finansal Risk Toleransı. Muhasebe ve Finansman Dergisi, (89), 155–170. doi:10.25095/mufad.852118
  • Van de Venter, G., Michayluk, D. ve Davey, G. (2012). A longitudinal study of financial risk tolerance. Journal of Economic Psychology, 33(4), 794–800. doi:10.1016/j.joep.2012.03.001
  • Vroom, V. H. ve Pahl, B. (1971). Relationship between age and risk taking among managers. Journal of Applied Psychology, 55(5), 399–405. doi:10.1037/h0031776
  • Wang, H. N. ve Hanna, S. D. (1998). Does Risk Tolerance Decrease With Age? SSRN Electronic Journal, 8(2). doi:10.2139/ssrn.95489
  • Wang, Y., Zhou, W. ve Chang, K.-C. (2013). Effect of Decision Makers’ Education Level on their Corporate Risk Taking. Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal, 41(7), 1225–1229. doi:10.2224/sbp.2013.41.7.1225
  • Watson, J. ve McNaughton, M. (2007). Gender Differences in Risk Aversion and Expected Retirement Benefits. Financial Analysts Journal, 63(4), 52–62. doi:10.2469/faj.v63.n4.4749
  • Xiao, J. J. ve Anderson, J. G. (1997). Hierarchical Financial Needs Reflected by Household Financial Asset Shares. Journal of Family and Economic Issues, 18, 333–355. doi:10.1023/a:1024991304216 Yao, R., Hanna, S. D. ve Lindamood, S. (2004). Changes in Financial Risk Tolerance, 1983-2001. Financial Services Review, 13(4).

Katılım Bankası ve Konvansiyonel Banka Müşterilerinin Genel Risk Algısı ve Finansal Risk Toleransı

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 18 Sayı: 2, 82 - 95, 30.12.2022

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı Türkiye’deki konvansiyonel banka müşterileri ile katılım bankası müşterilerinin finansal risk toleranslarının ve genel risk algılarının yapısını incelemektir. Bu amaçla her iki tür banka müşterilerinin cinsiyet, yaş, eğitim düzeyi ve medeni durum bilgileri kullanılarak demografik değişkenlerin risk algısı ve finansal risk toleransı üzerindeki etkisi incelenmiştir. Çalışmanın verileri 2019 yılında gerçekleştirilen Türkiye Hanehalkı Finansal Algı ve Tutum Araştırmasına katılan 1718 katılımcıdan elde edilmiştir. Vadeli mevduat hesabı ya da kâr payı hesabı olan müşterilerin genel risk algısının ve finansal risk toleransının cinsiyet hariç incelenen tüm demografik değişkenlere göre farklılaştığı tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca demografik değişkenlerin risk üzerindeki var olan etkisinin her iki banka müşterileri için benzer şekilde gerçekleştiği görülmüştür.

Kaynakça

  • Akgüneş, A. O. (2021). Finansal Risk Toleransı ve Demografik Değişkenler Arasındaki İlişki: Finansal Okuryazarlığın Moderatör Etkisi. Maliye Finans Yazıları, (115), 9–26. doi:10.33203/mfy.840442
  • Al-Ajmi, J. (2008). Risk tolerance of individual investors in an emerging market. International Research Journal of Finance and Economics, 17(1).
  • Aysan, A. F., Disli, M., Duygun, M. ve Ozturk, H. (2018). Religiosity versus rationality: Depositor behavior in Islamic and conventional banks. Journal of Comparative Economics, 46(1), 1–19. doi:10.1016/j.jce.2017.03.001
  • Bajtelsmit, V. L. ve Bernasek, A. (1997). Why Do Women Invest Differently than Men? SSRN Electronic Journal. doi:10.2139/ssrn.2238
  • Baker, H. K. ve Haslem, J. A. (1974). The impact of investor socioeconomic characteristics on risk and return preferences. Journal of Business Research, 2(4), 469–476. doi:10.1016/0148-2963(74)90032-0
  • Barber, B. M. ve Odean, T. (2001). Boys will be Boys: Gender, Overconfidence, and Common Stock Investment. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 116(1). doi:10.2139/ssrn.139415
  • Bellante, D. ve Green, C. A. (2004). Relative risk aversion among the elderly. Review of Financial Economics, 13(3), 269–281. doi:10.1016/j.rfe.2003.09.010
  • Bernasek, A. ve Shwiff, S. (2001). Gender, Risk, and Retirement. Journal of Economic Issues, 35(2), 345–356. doi:10.1080/00213624.2001.11506368
  • Brooks, C., Sangiorgi, I., Hillenbrand, C. ve Money, K. (2018). Why are older investors less willing to take financial risks? International Review of Financial Analysis, 56, 52–72. doi:10.1016/j.irfa.2017.12.008
  • Brooks, C., Sangiorgi, I., Hillenbrand, C. ve Money, K. (2019). Experience wears the trousers: Exploring gender and attitude to financial risk. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 163, 483–515. doi:10.1016/j.jebo.2019.04.026
  • Byrnes, J. P., Miller, D. C. ve Schafer, W. D. (1999). Gender differences in risk taking: A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 125(3), 367–383. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.125.3.367
  • Cardak, B. A. ve Martin, V. L. (2019). Once in a Lifetime? The Effects of the Global Financial Crisis on Household Willingness to Take Financial Risk. Economic Record, 95(311), 442–461. doi:10.1111/1475-4932.12506
  • Charness, G. ve Gneezy, U. (2012). Strong Evidence for Gender Differences in Risk Taking. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 83(1), 50–58. doi:10.1016/j.jebo.2011.06.007
  • Cheung, Y.-B. (1998). Accidents, assaults, and marital status. Social Science & Medicine, 47(9), 1325–1329. doi:10.1016/S0277-9536(98)00210-X
  • Deakin, J., Aitken, M., Robbins, T. ve Sahakian, B. J. (2004). Risk taking during decision-making in normal volunteers changes with age. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 10(4), 590–598. doi:10.1017/S1355617704104104
  • Duasa, J. ve Yusof, S. A. (2013). Determinants of Risk Tolerance on Financial Asset Ownership: A Case Of Malaysia. International Journal of Business and Society, 14(1).
  • Faff, R., Hallahan, T. ve McKenzie, M. (2009). Nonlinear linkages between financial risk tolerance and demographic characteristics. Applied Economics Letters, 16(13), 1329–1332. doi:10.1080/13504850701381123
  • Fan, J. X. ve Xiao, J. J. (2005). A Cross-Cultural Study in Risk Tolerance: Comparing Chinese and Americans. SSRN Electronic Journal. doi:10.2139/ssrn.939438
  • Fisher, P. J. ve Yao, R. (2017). Gender differences in financial risk tolerance. Journal of Economic Psychology, 61, 191–202. doi:10.1016/j.joep.2017.03.006
  • Grable, J. E. (2000). Financial Risk Tolerance and Additional Factors That Affect Risk Taking in Everyday Money. Journal of Business and Psychology, 14, 625–630. doi:doi.org/10.1023/A:1022994314982
  • Grable, J. E., Lyons, A. C. ve Heo, W. (2019). A test of traditional and psychometric relative risk tolerance measures on household financial risk taking. Finance Research Letters, 30, 8–13. doi:10.1016/j.frl.2019.03.012
  • Hacıhasanoğlu, P. ve Kara, M. (2021). Tüketicilerin Yatırım Aracı Seçimini Etkileyen Demografik Faktörler Üzerine Bir Araştırma. Hitit Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 14(1). doi:10.17218/hititsbd.900210
  • Haliassos, M. ve Bertaut, C. C. (1995). Why do so Few Hold Stocks? The Economic Journal, 105(432), 1110. doi:10.2307/2235407
  • Hallahan, T. A., Faff, R. W. ve McKenzie, M. D. (2004). An empirical investigation of personal financial risk tolerance. Financial Services Review, 13, 57–78.
  • Hambrick, D. C. (2007). Upper Echelons Theory: An Update. Academy of Management Review, 32(2), 334–343. doi:10.5465/amr.2007.24345254
  • Hartog, J., Ferrer-i-Carbonell, A. ve Jonker, N. (2000). On a Simple Survey Measure of Individual Risk Aversion. SSRN Electronic Journal (C. 363). doi:10.1080/01603477.1993.11489978
  • Heo, W., Rabbani, A. ve Grable, J. E. (2021). An Evaluation of the Effect of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Risk Tolerance of Financial Decision Makers. Finance Research Letters, 41, 101842. doi:10.1016/j.frl.2020.101842
  • Hibbert, A. M., Lawrence, E. R. ve Prakash, A. J. (2013). Does knowledge of finance mitigate the gender difference in financial risk-aversion? Global Finance Journal, 24(2), 140–152. doi:10.1016/j.gfj.2013.07.002
  • Hitay, K. ve Anbar, A. (2020). Kişilik Özelliklerinin Finansal Risk Toleransı Üzerindeki Etkisi: Üniversite Öğrencileri Üzerine Bir Araştırma. Muhasebe ve Finansman Dergisi, (87), 197–218. doi:10.25095/mufad.756296
  • Kacır, T. (2020). İslam Hukukunda Kazancın Meşruiyetine Etki Eden Risk Faktörü (Katılım Bankacılığı Uygulamaları Örnekliğinde). Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, (44), 139–152.
  • Lawrenson, J. ve Dickason-Koekemoer, Z. (2020). A model for female South African investors’ financial risk tolerance. Cogent Economics & Finance, 8(1), 1794493. doi:10.1080/23322039.2020.1794493
  • Lee, W. S. ve Moon, J. (2016). Determinants of CEO strategic risk-taking in the airline industry. Tourism Management Perspectives, 18, 111–117. doi:10.1016/j.tmp.2016.01.009
  • Lemaster, P. ve Strough, J. (2014). Beyond Mars and Venus: Understanding gender differences in financial risk tolerance. Journal of Economic Psychology, 42, 148–160. doi:10.1016/j.joep.2013.11.001
  • Mishra, S. ve Mishra, M. (2014). Financial Risk Tolerance: A Literature Review. Siddhant- A Journal of Decision Making, 14(1), 10. doi:10.5958/j.2231-0657.14.1.002
  • Nguyen, L. T. M., Gallery, G. ve Newton, C. (2016). The Influence of Financial Risk Tolerance on Investment Decision-Making in a Financial Advice Context. Australasian Accounting, Business and Finance Journal, 10(3). doi:10.14453/aabfj.v10i3.2
  • Niederle, M. ve Vesterlund, L. (2007). Do Women Shy Away From Competition? Do Men Compete Too Much? The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 122(3), 1067–1101. doi:10.1162/qjec.122.3.1067
  • Özsoy, İ., Görmez, B. ve Mekik, S. (2013). Türkiye’de Katılım Bankalarının Tercih Edilme Sebepleri: Ampirik Bir Tetkik. Yönetim ve Ekonomi, 20(1), 187–206.
  • Pålsson, A.-M. (1996). Does the degree of relative risk aversion vary with household characteristics? Journal of Economic Psychology, 17(6), 771–787. doi:10.1016/S0167-4870(96)00039-6
  • Powell, M. ve Ansic, D. (1997). Gender differences in risk behaviour in financial decision-making: An experimental analysis. Journal of Economic Psychology, 18(6), 605–628. doi:10.1016/S0167-4870(97)00026-3
  • Refiniviv. (2021). Islamic Finance Development Report 2021.
  • Riley, W. B. ve Chow, K. V. (1992). Asset Allocation and Individual Risk Aversion. Financial Analysts Journal, 48(6), 32–37. doi:10.2469/faj.v48.n6.32
  • Rolison, J. J., Hanoch, Y., Wood, S. ve Liu, P.-J. (2014). Risk-Taking Differences Across the Adult Life Span: A Question of Age and Domain. The Journals of Gerontology: Series B, 69(6), 870–880. doi:10.1093/geronb/gbt081
  • Saraç, M. ve Kahyaoğlu, M. B. (2011). Bireysel Yatırımcıların Risk Alma Eğilimine Etki Eden Sosyo-Ekonomik ve Demografik Faktörlerin Analizi. BDDK Bankacılık ve Finansal Piyasalar Dergisi, 5(2).
  • Shaw, K. L. (1996). An Empirical Analysis of Risk Aversion and Income Growth. Journal of Labor Economics, 14(4), 626–653. doi:10.1086/209825
  • Sultana, S. T. ve Saradhi, P. (2011). An Empirical Investigation of the Relation between Risk Tolerance and Socioeconomic Characteristics of Individual Investors. Advances in Management, 4(10).
  • Sung, J. ve Hanna, S. D. (1996). Factors Related to Risk Tolerance. Financial Counseling and Planning, 7.
  • TKBB. (2021). Türk Finans Sistemi ve Katılım Bankacılığı. https://tkbb.org.tr/uploads/presentations/Turk_Finans_Sistemi_ve_Katilim_Bankaciligi-Haziran-Turkce-V2.pdf adresinden erişildi.
  • Uçkun, N. ve Dal, L. (2021). Kripto Para Yatırımcılarında Finansal Risk Toleransı. Muhasebe ve Finansman Dergisi, (89), 155–170. doi:10.25095/mufad.852118
  • Van de Venter, G., Michayluk, D. ve Davey, G. (2012). A longitudinal study of financial risk tolerance. Journal of Economic Psychology, 33(4), 794–800. doi:10.1016/j.joep.2012.03.001
  • Vroom, V. H. ve Pahl, B. (1971). Relationship between age and risk taking among managers. Journal of Applied Psychology, 55(5), 399–405. doi:10.1037/h0031776
  • Wang, H. N. ve Hanna, S. D. (1998). Does Risk Tolerance Decrease With Age? SSRN Electronic Journal, 8(2). doi:10.2139/ssrn.95489
  • Wang, Y., Zhou, W. ve Chang, K.-C. (2013). Effect of Decision Makers’ Education Level on their Corporate Risk Taking. Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal, 41(7), 1225–1229. doi:10.2224/sbp.2013.41.7.1225
  • Watson, J. ve McNaughton, M. (2007). Gender Differences in Risk Aversion and Expected Retirement Benefits. Financial Analysts Journal, 63(4), 52–62. doi:10.2469/faj.v63.n4.4749
  • Xiao, J. J. ve Anderson, J. G. (1997). Hierarchical Financial Needs Reflected by Household Financial Asset Shares. Journal of Family and Economic Issues, 18, 333–355. doi:10.1023/a:1024991304216 Yao, R., Hanna, S. D. ve Lindamood, S. (2004). Changes in Financial Risk Tolerance, 1983-2001. Financial Services Review, 13(4).
Toplam 54 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Ekonomi
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Salih Ülev 0000-0002-0653-6821

Hüseyin Burgazoğlu 0000-0001-8504-1853

Mervan Selçuk 0000-0001-8384-373X

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Aralık 2022
Kabul Tarihi 24 Ekim 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022 Cilt: 18 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Ülev, S., Burgazoğlu, H., & Selçuk, M. (2022). Katılım Bankası ve Konvansiyonel Banka Müşterilerinin Genel Risk Algısı ve Finansal Risk Toleransı. Ekonomik Ve Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 18(2), 82-95.

İletişim Adresi: Bolu Abant İzzet Baysal Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Ekonomik ve Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi 14030 Gölköy-BOLU

Tel: 0 374 254 10 00 / 14 86 Faks: 0 374 253 45 21 E-posta: iibfdergi@ibu.edu.tr

ISSN (Basılı) : 1306-2174 ISSN (Elektronik) : 1306-3553