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The Effects of Soaking and Autoclaving on Chemical and Nutritional Composition of the Horse Chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum) Seed

Yıl 2020, Sayı: 19, 757 - 762, 31.08.2020

Öz

The aim of this study is to determine the nutrient composition of the horse chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum) seed and to determine the differences of these nutrients with some technological processes. For this purpose, the horse chestnut seed was divided into 3 groups as 1) raw, 2) soaking in cold water for 24 hours and 3) autoclaving at 121 °C for 60 minutes. The obtained groups were then analyzed under two groups as shelled and unshelled. The obtained data were analyzed in general linear model (GLM). As a result, the effect of the treatments applied on horse chestnut seed on dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), Ether extract (EE), crude ash (CA), cellulose fractions and metabolic energy values were insignificant, while the tannin ratio decreased significantly in the autoclaved group. When horse chestnut seeds are compared with shell and without shell; while the content of DM, CP, EE and CA did not change, the starch content increased, acid detergent fiber, neutral detergent fiber and hemicellulose contents decreased in the shell less horse chestnut seed. The tannin ratio was significantly lower in the shelled horse chestnut. In addition, as a result of mineral analysis of raw horse chestnut, P, K, Ca, Na, Cl, Si, Al, Ni, Cr, Rb, Zn, Fe, Mg and S contents were; 0.257%, 1.106%, 0.27%, 0.146%, 0.061%, 0.055%, 0.023%, 0.016%, 0.005%, 0.003%, 0.006%, 0.08%, 0.056% and 0.117%, respectively. The technological processes applied were effective in reducing the tannins content, or can be used without shell for the purpose of reducing the tannins content.

Kaynakça

  • Alderman, G. (1985). Prediction of the energy value of compound feeds. Recent advances in animal nutrition, 1985, 3-52.
  • AOAC. (2005). Official Method 922.02, Plants Preparation of Laboratory Sample, in Horwitz, W., Latimer, G.W. (Eds.): Official Methods of Analysis. 18th edn. Chapter 3, AOAC-International Suite 500, 481. North Frederick Avenue, Gaitherburg, Maryland 20877-2417, USA, pp.1-2.
  • AOAC. (1989). Association of Official Analytical Chemists (A.O.A.C). Official Methods of Analysis, 15th ed., Vol. 1. AOAC, Washington, DC.
  • Chakraborthy, G. S. (2009). Evaluation of Immunomodulatory action/activity of Aesculus indica. International Journal of Pharma Technological Research, 1, 132-134.
  • Dearing, M. D. (1997). Effects of Acomastylis rossii tannins on a mammalian herbivore, the North Americanpika, Ochotonaprinceps. Oecologia, 109, 122-131.
  • Duhan, N., Saroj K. & Bishnoi, A. (2001). Saponin content and trypsin inhibitor activity in processed and cooked pigeon pea cultivars. International journal of food sciences and nutrition, 52(1), 53-59.
  • Gershenzon, J. & Croteau, R. (1991). Terpenoids. In: Herbivores; Their Interaction with Secondary Plant Metabolites (eds G. A. Rosenthal& M. R. Berenbaum) pp. 165–220. Academic Press Inc., San Diego, California.
  • Goering, H. K. & Van Soest, P. J. (1970). Forage fiber analyses (apparatus, reagents, procedures, and some applications). USDA Agr Handbook.
  • Kaur, L., Joseph, L. & George, M. (2011). Phytochemical analysis of leaf extract of Aesculus indica. International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 3, 232-234.
  • Kaur, S., Sharma, S., Dar, B. N., & Singh, B. (2012). Optimization of process for reduction of antinutritional factors in edible cereal brans. Food science and technology international, 18(5), 445-454.
  • Mishra, M. L., Sood, S., & Shukla, U. N. (2018). Phyto-nutritional and mineral composition of Indian Horse Chestnut (Aesculus indica) seeds. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 7(1), 2159-2162.
  • Parmar, C. & Kaushal, M. K. (1982). Aesculus indica. Wild fruits, Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi, India.
  • Rafiq, S. I., Singh, S. & Saxena, D. C. (2016). Physical, physicochemical and anti-nutritional properties of Horse Chestnut (Aesculus indica) seed. Journal of Food Measurement and Characterization, 10(2), 302-310.
  • Rajasekaran, A. & Singh, J. (2009). Ethnobotany of Indian horse chestnut (Aesculus indica) in Mandi district, Himachal Pradesh. Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge, 8, 285-286.
  • Shah, U., Gani, A., Ashwar, B. A., Shah, A., Wani, I. A., & Masoodi, F. A. (2016). Effect of infrared and microwave radiations on properties of Indian Horse Chestnut starch. International Journal of Biological Macro Molecules, 84, 166-173.
  • Sharma, P. K. (1991). Herbal remedies for treating rheumatic pains in Jammu and Kashmir. Indian Journal of Forestry, 14, 206-210.
  • Sharma, A., & Sehgal, S. (1992). Effect of processing and cooking on the antinutritional factors of faba bean (Vicia faba). Food Chemistry, 43(5), 383-385.
  • Shimada, T. (2001). Nutrient compositions of acorns and horse chestnuts in relation to seed-hoarding. Ecological Research, 16(4), 803-808.
  • Syed, I. R., Sukhcharn, S., & Saxena, D. C. (2016). Evaluation of physical and compositional properties of horse-chestnut (Aesculus indica) seed. Journal of Food Processing and Technology, 7(3).
  • Van Soest, P. J., Robertson, J. D. & Lewis, B. A. (1991). Methods for dietary fibre, neutral detergent fibre and non-starch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. Journal of Dairy Science, 74, 3583-3597.
  • Zucker, W. V. (1983). Tannins: does structure determine function? An ecological perspective. American Naturalist, 121, 335-365.

Atkestanesi (Aesculus hippocastanum) Tohumunda Islatma ve Otoklav Etmenin Besin Madde Kompozisyonu Üzerine Etkileri

Yıl 2020, Sayı: 19, 757 - 762, 31.08.2020

Öz

Bu çalışmada atkestanesi (Aesculus indica) tohumunun besin madde kompozisyonunu belirlemek ve yapılan bazı ön işlemlerin besin maddelerine etkisini belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Bu amaçla atkestanesi tohumunun1) ham hali, 2) soğuk suda 24 saat ıslatılması ve 3) 121°C’de 60 dk otoklav edilmesi şeklinde 3 gruba ayrılmıştır. Elde edilen gruplar daha sonra kabuklu ve kabuksuz olarak iki grup altında analiz edilmiştir. Elde edilen veriler general lineer modelde (GLM) analiz edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak atkestanesi tohumunda uygulanan işlemlerin kuru madde (KM), ham protein (HP), ham yağ (HY), ham kül (HK), selüloz fraksiyonları ve metabolik enerji değerlerine etkisi önemsiz bulunurken tanen oranı otoklav edilen grupta önemli derecede azalmıştır. Kabuklu ve kabuksuz atkestanesinde; KM, HP, HY ve HK oranının etkilenmediği, ancak kabuksuz atkestanesinde nişasta oranı artarken, ADF oranı önemli derecede azalmış, NDF oranı ise değişmemiştir. Tanen oranı ise kabuksuz atkestanesinde önemli derecede daha düşük bulunmuştur. Ayrıca ham atkestanesinin mineral madde içerikleri: P, K, Ca, Na, Cl, Si, Al, Ni,Cr, Rb, Zn, Fe, Mg ve S sırasıyla; %0.257, %1.106, %0.27, %0.146, %0.061, %0.055,%0.023, %0.016, %0.005, %0.003, %0.006, %0.08, %0.056 ve %0.117 olarak bulunmuştur. Sonuç olarak uygulanan teknolojik işlemlerin anti-nutrisyonel bir faktör olan tanen içeriğinin azaltılmasında etkili olduğu veya tanen içeriğinin azlatılması amacıyla kabuksuz olarak da kullanılabileceği belirlenmiştir.

Kaynakça

  • Alderman, G. (1985). Prediction of the energy value of compound feeds. Recent advances in animal nutrition, 1985, 3-52.
  • AOAC. (2005). Official Method 922.02, Plants Preparation of Laboratory Sample, in Horwitz, W., Latimer, G.W. (Eds.): Official Methods of Analysis. 18th edn. Chapter 3, AOAC-International Suite 500, 481. North Frederick Avenue, Gaitherburg, Maryland 20877-2417, USA, pp.1-2.
  • AOAC. (1989). Association of Official Analytical Chemists (A.O.A.C). Official Methods of Analysis, 15th ed., Vol. 1. AOAC, Washington, DC.
  • Chakraborthy, G. S. (2009). Evaluation of Immunomodulatory action/activity of Aesculus indica. International Journal of Pharma Technological Research, 1, 132-134.
  • Dearing, M. D. (1997). Effects of Acomastylis rossii tannins on a mammalian herbivore, the North Americanpika, Ochotonaprinceps. Oecologia, 109, 122-131.
  • Duhan, N., Saroj K. & Bishnoi, A. (2001). Saponin content and trypsin inhibitor activity in processed and cooked pigeon pea cultivars. International journal of food sciences and nutrition, 52(1), 53-59.
  • Gershenzon, J. & Croteau, R. (1991). Terpenoids. In: Herbivores; Their Interaction with Secondary Plant Metabolites (eds G. A. Rosenthal& M. R. Berenbaum) pp. 165–220. Academic Press Inc., San Diego, California.
  • Goering, H. K. & Van Soest, P. J. (1970). Forage fiber analyses (apparatus, reagents, procedures, and some applications). USDA Agr Handbook.
  • Kaur, L., Joseph, L. & George, M. (2011). Phytochemical analysis of leaf extract of Aesculus indica. International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 3, 232-234.
  • Kaur, S., Sharma, S., Dar, B. N., & Singh, B. (2012). Optimization of process for reduction of antinutritional factors in edible cereal brans. Food science and technology international, 18(5), 445-454.
  • Mishra, M. L., Sood, S., & Shukla, U. N. (2018). Phyto-nutritional and mineral composition of Indian Horse Chestnut (Aesculus indica) seeds. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 7(1), 2159-2162.
  • Parmar, C. & Kaushal, M. K. (1982). Aesculus indica. Wild fruits, Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi, India.
  • Rafiq, S. I., Singh, S. & Saxena, D. C. (2016). Physical, physicochemical and anti-nutritional properties of Horse Chestnut (Aesculus indica) seed. Journal of Food Measurement and Characterization, 10(2), 302-310.
  • Rajasekaran, A. & Singh, J. (2009). Ethnobotany of Indian horse chestnut (Aesculus indica) in Mandi district, Himachal Pradesh. Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge, 8, 285-286.
  • Shah, U., Gani, A., Ashwar, B. A., Shah, A., Wani, I. A., & Masoodi, F. A. (2016). Effect of infrared and microwave radiations on properties of Indian Horse Chestnut starch. International Journal of Biological Macro Molecules, 84, 166-173.
  • Sharma, P. K. (1991). Herbal remedies for treating rheumatic pains in Jammu and Kashmir. Indian Journal of Forestry, 14, 206-210.
  • Sharma, A., & Sehgal, S. (1992). Effect of processing and cooking on the antinutritional factors of faba bean (Vicia faba). Food Chemistry, 43(5), 383-385.
  • Shimada, T. (2001). Nutrient compositions of acorns and horse chestnuts in relation to seed-hoarding. Ecological Research, 16(4), 803-808.
  • Syed, I. R., Sukhcharn, S., & Saxena, D. C. (2016). Evaluation of physical and compositional properties of horse-chestnut (Aesculus indica) seed. Journal of Food Processing and Technology, 7(3).
  • Van Soest, P. J., Robertson, J. D. & Lewis, B. A. (1991). Methods for dietary fibre, neutral detergent fibre and non-starch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. Journal of Dairy Science, 74, 3583-3597.
  • Zucker, W. V. (1983). Tannins: does structure determine function? An ecological perspective. American Naturalist, 121, 335-365.
Toplam 21 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Mühendislik
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Yusuf Konca 0000-0002-6231-1512

Selma Büyükkılıç Beyzi 0000-0002-4622-0645

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Ağustos 2020
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2020 Sayı: 19

Kaynak Göster

APA Konca, Y., & Büyükkılıç Beyzi, S. (2020). The Effects of Soaking and Autoclaving on Chemical and Nutritional Composition of the Horse Chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum) Seed. Avrupa Bilim Ve Teknoloji Dergisi(19), 757-762.